Faster than Light

The strongest argument against relativity:

"Sound waves have speed c, and f and L are related by c=Lf. For an observer moving relative to medium with speed u, apparent propagation speed c' will be different: c'=c±u. Wavelength cannot change - it's a constant length in the medium, and same length in moving coordinate system (motion does not change lengths). Observed frequency has to change, to match apparent speed and fixed wavelength: f'=c'/L."

This is equally valid for light waves - the motion of the observer cannot change their wavelength either. That is, for an observer moving towards the light source with speed v, the speed of the waves will be c'=c+v, in violation of special relativity. The shift in frequency is in fact caused by the shift in the speed of light. Various aspects of the problem were dealt with in my essay:

Shift in Frequency Implies Shift in Speed of Light

Pentcho Valev

I am a pharmacologist, not a physicist, so my comment may be rather naive. I have always thought that it would be highly unlikely that the speed of light would have been a fixed constant value from the origin of the universe to the present day. Presumably, as space, time and energy were created at the Big Bang (if the theory is essentially correct!),the properties of space itself have been constantly changing as the universe has expanded. Light propagates through space, so initially, when space was 'denser', the speed of light differed from the present day value.

Hello Mr Fletcher,Mr Valev,

It is important it seems to me to consider the evolution of this light speed. The BB is seen, in my model of spherization, as a fractal of the main central sphere of light and after a multiplication of the serie of uniqueness.

If the space, the gravitation and the light are the same in a kind of BEC of our mind at this zero absolute.It become relevant considering the diffusion, spherical of this mass, this space and this light.If the serie of uniqueness is for all quantum entanglement and even for the number of cosmological spheres inside the universal sphere. So it relevant to consider that c is invariant at its present and locality. But we can say that perhaps c was different in the past, just due to evolution and the equilibrium between expansion/contraction. It implies that we can consider that c changes its speed but very very slowly so.The constant of c is so a real constant? It is the same that our electromagnetism, we have limits of uncompleteness due to our young age at the universal scale. The works of Maxwell and Lorentz are relevant also about the invariance of c at this present.

We cannot pass above c with the bosons. But perhaps that we can with the fermions. It is an important differenciation. The bosons are under the law of invariance of c in the vaccuum. The fermions, them in my line of reasoning, turn in opposite sense than bosons.It explains so the linearity of c.and the stability in space of the gravitation. If c is invariant in its present but change due to evolution.So how can we say that c does not change.In logic, c increases at each second but it is a so very weak changement. The entropy is correlated.

Hope it helps.:)

Best Regards

A stationary source sends a light pulse towards a stationary observer/receiver. Then the source starts moving towards the observer and sends another pulse. The two pulses are physically different, judging from the different frequency they will have at reception, and the difference is obviously created BEFORE reception. What does the difference consist in? Two answers are conceivable:

(A) The speed of the second pulse (relative to the observer) is higher than the speed of the first.

(B) The wavelength of the second pulse is shorter than the wavelength of the first.

(A) is fatal for relativity, (B) is absurd. Yet Einsteinians always have a third answer.

Pentcho Valev

Pentcho

How is (B) absurd? If the emitter starts moving while sending out waves (so with time gaps between however small), the wavelength must reduce. How could it not?.

(and it's also fatal for SR).

Peter

If the wavelength of light varies with the speed of the source, as is the case with sound waves, then the principle of relativity is violated (the motion of the light source is not equivalent to the motion of the observer). In this sense (B) is absurd - it contradicts the principle of relativity. But of course one may assume, alternatively, that the principle of relativity is invalid (this assumption is implicit in "preferred reference frame" theories) - then (B) would not be absurd. In either case special relativity will have to be abandoned.

Pentcho Valev

Pentcho,

Agreed.

Except, for clarity, the PoR does not claim the motion of a light source must be equivalent to the motion of the observer. So delta L is no more absurd that it is for sound.

Multiple 'local' preferred background reference frames don't breach the PoR but do violate the assumptions made for the Relativity of Simultaneity, because light does c locally within each one, so simply changing speed between them (as found; Kingsley Nixey Fig.2).

Have you driven an automatic? Do you know how a torque converter works? It's a 'fluid dynamic coupling'. Nothing solid meets anything moving. The particles one side are at rest in one frame, those the other at rest in the other frame, and in between is very turbulent.

That is exactly the frame boundary condition of surface fine structure ('electron charge') plasmons (Kerr effects and TZ) and the magnetohydrodynamic shocks around celestial bodies. There is just one law. All particles emit at c.

That is the (DFM) quantum mechanism that implements constant c IN a medium, via delta L and f. i.e. a new 'Quantum' relativity. The LT hyperbola arises from constrained permittivity/resistivity, propagating the 'virtual electron' shock as we see in the LHC pipe (photoionization and Unruh effects) up to optical breakdown density (10^21/cm^-3).

Sorry if that got a bit technical. It's dead simple really and seems to remove all current absurdities. But it is unfamiliar. Can anybody falsify any of it scientifically please?

many thanks

Peter

Psychology of the Doppler Effect

"Now let's see what this does to the frequency of the light. We know that even without special relativity, observers moving at different velocities measure different frequencies. (This is the reason the pitch of an ambulance changes as it passes you it doesn't change if you're on the ambulance). This is called the Doppler shift, and for small relative velocity v it is easy to show that the frequency shifts from f to f(1+v/c) (it goes up heading toward you, down away from you). There are relativistic corrections, but these are negligible here."

So we have:

(A) f'/f = (c+v)/c

For all waves other than light waves, we have also:

(B) f'/f = c'/c

where c'=c+v is the speed of the waves relative to an observer moving with speed v towards the wave source.

For light waves (A) is valid while (B) never emerges in the thoughts of Einsteinians:

"Crimestop means the faculty of stopping short, as though by instinct, at the threshold of any dangerous thought. It includes the power of not grasping analogies, of failing to perceive logical errors, of misunderstanding the simplest arguments if they are inimical to Ingsoc, and of being bored or repelled by any train of thought which is capable of leading in a heretical direction. Crimestop, in short, means protective stupidity."

Pentcho Valev

Psychology of the Doppler Effect

Tony Harker, University College London: "The Doppler Effect: Moving sources and receivers. The phenomena which occur when a source of sound is in motion are well known. The example which is usually cited is the change in pitch of the engine of a moving vehicle as it approaches. In our treatment we shall not specify the type of wave motion involved, and our results will be applicable to sound or to light. (...) Now suppose that the observer is moving with a velocity Vo away from the source. (...) If the observer moves with a speed Vo away from the source (...), then in a time t the number of waves which reach the observer are those in a distance (c-Vo)t, so the number of waves observed is (c-Vo)t/lambda, giving an observed frequency f'=f(1-Vo/c) when the observer is moving away from the source at a speed Vo."

If in a time t the number of waves which reach the observer are those in a distance (c-Vo)t, then the speed of the light waves relative to the observer is c'=c-Vo, in violation of special relativity. It takes constant and painful exercise in crimestop to maintain the belief that c'=c-Vo is wrong and c'=c (required by special relativity) gloriously true:

"He set to work to exercise himself in crimestop. He presented himself with propositions - "the Party says the earth is flat", "the party says that ice is heavier than water" - and trained himself in not seeing or not understanding the arguments that contradicted them. It was not easy. It needed great powers of reasoning and improvisation. The arithmetical problems raised, for instance, by such a statement as "two and two make five" were beyond his intellectual grasp. It needed also a sort of athleticism of mind, an ability at one moment to make the most delicate use of logic and at the next to be unconscious of the crudest logical errors. Stupidity was as necessary as intelligence, and as difficult to attain."

Pentcho Valev

Psychology of the Doppler Effect

"Lesson 50: Doppler effect in sound and light (...) Understand why the velocity of a wave will be greater when an observer moves towards the source."

Who should understand this? Does it violate special relativity? Einsteinians?

Einsteinians: "No! Help! Help! Divine Einstein! Yes we all believe in relativity, relativity, relativity! Let me die! Let me die! And how can I possibly be consoled? In this cruel fate? In this great suffering? Let me die!"

Pentcho Valev

Pentcho

Those teachers are teaching our kids that simplistic nonsense, that's the trouble. So when they grow up they, like you, have it ingrained as irrefutable against all logic.

How can you and your mates, as observers, all change the speed of propagation of approaching waves by different amounts by all accelerating different amounts?!!

When the wave is propagating in the background it's propagation speed does not change just because you move. OK?

When the waves enter each detecting lens and start propagating there, wavelength and frequency change inversely in the lens frame. OK?

So only 'relative' speed is c+v, NO real PROPAGATION speed is c+v anywhere. OK?

All the time that old simplistic nonsense is taught to our kids science will remain in confusion. You are guilty of propagating that. Posts like the above only confirm you and dissenters as crackpots in the eyes of mainstream so do more harm than good.

If you can't get out of your own rut you can't expect them to get out of theirs.

Peter

Psychology of the Doppler effect

For sound waves, it is obvious that the motion of the observer does not change the wavelength of the incident waves and therefore their speed relative to the observer varies with the speed of the observer:

"Sound waves have speed c, and f and L are related by c=Lf. For an observer moving relative to medium with speed u, apparent propagation speed c' will be different: c'=c±u. Wavelength cannot change - it's a constant length in the medium, and same length in moving coordinate system (motion does not change lengths). Observed frequency has to change, to match apparent speed and fixed wavelength: f'=c'/L."

For light waves, the fact that the motion of the observer cannot change the wavelength of the incident light is also obvious - it is always used, explicitly or implicitly, in the derivation of the Doppler frequency shift (moving observer). But this simple fact violates special relativity of course. Intelligent Einsteinians know that and always take the same (silent) position whenever the issue comes up. Only extremely intelligent Einsteinians, "the subtlest practitioners of doublethink", can blatantly deny the obvious fact of wavelength independence of the motion of the observer:

John Norton: "Here's a light wave and an observer. If the observer were to hurry towards the source of the light, the observer would now pass wavecrests more frequently than the resting observer. That would mean that moving observer would find the frequency of the light to have increased (AND CORRESPONDINGLY FOR THE WAVELENGTH - THE DISTANCE BETWEEN CRESTS - TO HAVE DECREASED)."

"Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated. The process has to be conscious, or it would not be carried out with sufficient precision, but it also has to be unconscious, or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt. Doublethink lies at the very heart of Ingsoc, since the essential act of the Party is to use conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty. To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies - all this is indispensably necessary. (...) It need hardly be said that the subtlest practitioners of doublethink are those who invented doublethink and know that it is a vast system of mental cheating. In our society, those who have the best knowledge of what is happening are also those who are furthest from seeing the world as it is. In general, the greater the understanding, the greater the delusion ; the more intelligent, the less sane."

Pentcho Valev

Pentcho

The terms; "it is obvious that..." or; "it would be ridiculous..." are commonly used by non scientists to invoke common assumptions rather than test them. You tend to do so all the time, tending to invalidate your comments scientifically.

With sound, your assumption does not hold water. Consider a noise made within a submarine moving ahead at v. At rest in the water ahead you find the sound wavelength has changed. If the submarine was receding the waves would be longer. Your assumption is thus falsified. As with light and all em waves, the wavelength changes inversely to frequency. We should all be here to learn not preach, and should learn from this competition that all such assumptions must be properly tested.

Peter

Twin Paradox: Does Acceleration Matter?

Here is a thought experiment that I am going to modify a little. The travel of one of the spaceships remains unchanged but the acceleration involved in the turn-around will be avoided for the second spaceship. There is a third spaceship which moves with speed v towards the station so that, at the moment the second spaceship was to undergo turn-around and acceleration, the third spaceship passes the second and sets its clock to read the same as the second's (this elimination of the acceleration is well known and can be found in textbooks). Finally, the first and the third spaceships arrive simultaneously at the station. Do their clocks show the same time?

Clever Einsteinians know that both the "yes" and the "no" answers are fatal for relativity. The consequences of Einstein's 1905 false light postulate are inherently contradictory.

Pentcho Valev

Doublethink in Einsteiniana is different from (classical) doublethink in Big Brother's world. In classical doublethink truth and lie coexist:

"Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated. The process has to be conscious, or it would not be carried out with sufficient precision, but it also has to be unconscious, or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt. Doublethink lies at the very heart of Ingsoc, since the essential act of the Party is to use conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty. To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies - all this is indispensably necessary."

Doublethink in Einsteiniana means the power of holding two contradictory interpretations of the same lie in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. Truth does not exist at all. So the youthfulness of the travelling twin both has nothing to do with the acceleration she has suffered and is entirely caused by the acceleration she has suffered:

Gary W. Gibbons FRS: "In other words, by simply staying at home Jack has aged relative to Jill. There is no paradox because the lives of the twins are not strictly symmetrical. This might lead one to suspect that the accelerations suffered by Jill might be responsible for the effect. However this is simply not plausible because using identical accelerating phases of her trip, she could have travelled twice as far. This would give twice the amount of time gained."

Peter Hayes "The Ideology of Relativity: The Case of the Clock Paradox" : Social Epistemology, Volume 23, Issue 1 January 2009, pages 57-78: Albert Einstein wrote in 1911: "The [travelling] clock runs slower if it is in uniform motion, but if it undergoes a change of direction as a result of a jolt, then the theory of relativity does not tell us what happens. The sudden change of direction might produce a sudden change in the position of the hands of the clock. However, the longer the clock is moving rectilinearly and uniformly with a given speed in a forward motion, i.e., the larger the dimensions of the polygon, the smaller must be the effect of such a hypothetical sudden change."

John Norton: "Then, at the end of the outward leg, the traveler abruptly changes motion, accelerating sharply to adopt a new inertial motion directed back to earth. What comes now is the key part of the analysis. The effect of the change of motion is to alter completely the traveler's judgment of simultaneity. The traveler's hypersurfaces of simultaneity now flip up dramatically. Moments after the turn-around, when the travelers clock reads just after 2 days, the traveler will judge the stay-at-home twin's clock to read just after 7 days. That is, the traveler will judge the stay-at-home twin's clock to have jumped suddenly from reading 1 day to reading 7 days. This huge jump puts the stay-at-home twin's clock so far ahead of the traveler's that it is now possible for the stay-at-home twin's clock to be ahead of the travelers when they reunite."

Dialog about Objections against the Theory of Relativity (1918), by Albert Einstein: "...according to the special theory of relativity the coordinate systems K and K' are by no means equivalent systems. Indeed this theory asserts only the equivalence of all Galilean (unaccelerated) coordinate systems, that is, coordinate systems relative to which sufficiently isolated, material points move in straight lines and uniformly. K is such a coordinate system, but not the system K', that is accelerated from time to time. Therefore, from the result that after the motion to and fro the clock U2 is running behind U1, no contradiction can be constructed against the principles of the theory. (...) During the partial processes 2 and 4 the clock U1, going at a velocity v, runs indeed at a slower pace than the resting clock U2. However, this is more than compensated by a faster pace of U1 during partial process 3. According to the general theory of relativity, a clock will go faster the higher the gravitational potential of the location where it is located, and during partial process 3 U2 happens to be located at a higher gravitational potential than U1. The calculation shows that this speeding ahead constitutes exactly twice as much as the lagging behind during the partial processes 2 and 4. This consideration completely clears up the paradox that you brought up."

Pentcho Valev

Psychology of the Gravitational Redshift

Dr. Cristian Bahrim: "If we accept the principle of equivalence, we must also accept that light falls in a gravitational field with the same acceleration as material bodies."

Albert Einstein Institute: "One of the three classical tests for general relativity is the gravitational redshift of light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. However, in contrast to the other two tests - the gravitational deflection of light and the relativistic perihelion shift -, you do not need general relativity to derive the correct prediction for the gravitational redshift. A combination of Newtonian gravity, a particle theory of light, and the weak equivalence principle (gravitating mass equals inertial mass) suffices. (...) The gravitational redshift was first measured on earth in 1960-65 by Pound, Rebka, and Snider at Harvard University..."

In a sane atmosphere (where Einstein's relativity is nevertheless the mainstream theory), this would be a breathtaking paradox: in a gravitational field, the speed of light varies exactly as predicted by Newton's emission theory of light and this is unequivocally confirmed by the Pound-Rebka experiment. Dignitaries would be compelled to identify the false axioms of the emission theory and then explain why these false axioms still produce a correct conclusion.

In an insane atmosphere, no paradox is noticed and no explanations are given. The speed of light is both variable and constant in a gravitational field and that's that:

Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time, Chapter 6: "A cannonball fired upward from the earth will be slowed down by gravity and will eventually stop and fall back; a photon, however, must continue upward at a constant speed..."

Why Does E=mc2?: (And Why Should We Care?), Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, p. 236: "If the light falls in strict accord with the principle of equivalence, then, as it falls, its energy should increase by exactly the same fraction that it increases for any other thing we could imagine dropping. We need to know what happens to the light as it gains energy. In other words, what can Pound and Rebka expect to see at the bottom of their laboratory when the dropped light arrives? There is only one way for the light to increase its energy. We know that it cannot speed up, because it is already traveling at the universal speed limit, but it can increase its frequency."

"Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated. The process has to be conscious, or it would not be carried out with sufficient precision, but it also has to be unconscious, or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt. Doublethink lies at the very heart of Ingsoc, since the essential act of the Party is to use conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty. To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies - all this is indispensably necessary."

Pentcho Valev

Einstein said that nothing can go faster than light. Many scientists say same. But how can it explain, that black holes in space don´t let light scape. Doppler effect in light, explain variations in color to red or blue, but, not ligh in black holes can explain a velocity faster than it, because light waves or fotons cannot reach enough velocity to scape from gravity of a black hole. Am I wrong?

Thanks for a response. Hxxxxxxxxña from Cali Colombia. (original comment sent to nasa on july 2012, then the mail was hacked, and this comment is always erased from youtube. Try you to copy and paste, and you will see in any few days is erased or named spam and then deleted)

Anonymous.

If the ion re-emitting the photons are being accreted to the 'black hole' the emissions will be shifted outside the optical band. This also happens when the matter is ejected in the (quasar) jet emissions when the jet vector is away from the observer. Radio wavelength emissions are found but the jet is not 'visible' in the optical band. The approaching jet emissions are equally highly blue shifted.

The local maximum speed is always c. Fresh pulses of re-ionized matter entering the juet stream do maximum c within the stream rest frame, like a fish swimming at it's maximum speed in the water of a river flowing past you. The stream is collimated, and along with the Rees-Sciama effect (see my 2011 essay) we can see 'apparent' pulse speed of up to 10c (really c locally).

Understanding of active galactic nuclii (AGN's) in astronomy is recently much improved. More and more is now getting out to public access. Most theoretical physics still however seems to use rather more 'historic' understandings of what a 'black hole' is. It is a toroidal em field (just like our magnetosphere, or a nuclear Tokamak) but far more severe and massive, particularly as the AGN's at the centre of galaxies, and probably even universes (see the DFM).

I hope that helps clarify things with a bit of reality to disperse the voodoo. Much has been known for some time. look at the date on this paper for instance; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v354/n6352/abs/354374a0.html

Best wishes

Peter

"The light is perceived to be falling in a gravitational field just like a mechanical object would. (...) The change in speed of light with change in height is dc/dh=g/c."

Integrating gives:

c' = c(1 gh/c^2)

Equivalently, in gravitation-free space where a rocket of length h accelerates with acceleration g, a light signal emitted by the front end will be perceived by an observer at the back end to have a speed:

c' = c(1 gh/c^2) = c v

where v is the speed the observer has at the moment of reception of the light relative to the emitter at the moment of emission.

Clever Einsteinians do not underestimate the above results and react accordingly.

Pentcho Valev