Quantum Theory: Complete? Incomplete? Overcomplete? by Andrey Akhmeteli

Dear Andrey Akhmeteli,

You make so many excellent points it is hard to know where to begin. I agree that 'overcomplete' is very probably a significant problem, and I applaud your work toward a 'no drama' quantum theory.

Lacking a strong opinion on "complex function required to describe charged fields" I would note that I am increasingly drawn toward Hestenes' Geometric Algebra interpretation of sqrt(-1) as a real rotation in space, and in that sense I think it is inherent in quantum theory. And while I do find your electrodynamic-based approach very worth while, I believe that de Broglie was clear that the 'pilot wave' was *not* the electro-magnetic field. Your focus on relativistic field equations is very appropriate, however I hope you will read the non-relativistic treatment in my essay, The Nature of the Wave Function. It is based on de Broglie's idea that the wave function is physically real and addresses both recent experimental support of the idea as well as recent 'no-go' theorems (PBR, and others) that support such reality. It is also compatible with your observation that "no positive experimental evidence exists for physical state-vector collapse."

As for Bell's theorem, I have recently pointed out d'Espagnat's claim that physics is based on realism, deductive reasoning, and locality. Most Bell believers have *chosen* to sacrifice local realism, but, as you point out, if "mutually contradictory assumptions (e.g. unitary evolution and the projection postulate) are required to prove the Bell theorem" then perhaps it is deductive reasoning that is the real problem.

The assumptions underlying "full drama" quantum theory are obviously problematical, and your essay is one of the best approaches to the problem I have seen. Good luck in the essay competition.

Edwin Eugene Klingman

Dear Andrey,

Very interesting essay. One question: when you speak of the theory of measurement in standard quantum theory, are you speaking only of the nonunitary behavior (i.e. "wave-function collapse") of the Copenhagen interpretation? The reason I ask is because "decoherence" has come to be viewed as almost "standard" in recent years, and I am wondering what you think about decoherence. Thanks, and take care,

Ben Dribus

Dear Benjamin,

Thank you for your interest in my essay.

Yes, when I speak of the theory of measurement in standard quantum theory, I am speaking only of the nonunitary behavior (i.e. "wave-function collapse") of the Copenhagen interpretation. The reason is that it is collapse (say, in the form of the projection postulate) that is used in a typical proof of the Bell theorem (when they prove that the Bell inequalities can be violated in quantum theory).

I don't think decoherence changes anything (in principle), as far as my work is concerned: it is my understanding that decoherence is used to show how appearance of collapse arises, not collapse itself. Looks like the most decoherence picture can show is that collapse can be a good approximation. As long as collapse is an approximation, not a precise law, it's fine with me:-)

Thank you

Best regards

Andrey Akhmeteli

Hello Mr.Akhmeteli,

I d say incomplete and overcomplete(irrational works and extrapolations).

I beleive that the main probelm is the lack of domains in the general analyzes. I d say also that the competition sometimes imply an ocean of pseudo irrational works and models. It is not a probelm this competition, it catalyzes. The probelm is when these irrational works govern the institute. It is not rational all that. Our knowledges are of course incomplete, the uncompleteness implies that we are simply far of our walls. The hidden variables are in fact in the same universal dynamic.

The Bell theorem, aahhhh this Bell theorem. I don't see the necessity to imply irrational hidden variables. The fact that our measurements are hidden does not mean that these variables are irrational. In fact our uncompleteness means that we are far of our walls. The violations of Bell inequalities does not mean that we loose our determinism. The pilot waves of De Broglie seems rational and deterministic. I don't see a necessity to imply multiverses with bizare things.

Uncompleteness does not mean bizare variables. Theys are simply far of us. We can compare the quantum road with the cosmological road, we have already difficulties to go at Mars , so you imagine the immensity of our Universal sphere. It is logic that we have a lot of unknowns. It is simply our young age at the universal scale.

and don't say me that alice and Bob are in the extradimensions of parallel universes please.Let's be rational.

Regards

ЕДИНАЯ ВСЕЛЕННАЯ

Геометрия пространства нашей вселенной двумерная. Это плоскость созданная поляризованным континуальным вакуумом. Континуальный вакуум не монолитный, дискретный, квантованный. Континуальный вакуум состоит из квантов вакуума, которые определил М.ПЛАНК. Их радиус 10 в -33 степени сантиметра, масса 10 в -5 степени грамм. Кванты континуального вакуума пульсируют. Скорость их пульсации составляет 10 в 43 герц в секунду. Но это скорость под сомнением. Возможно она намного выше. В геометрическом двумерном пространстве возникают виртуальные многомерные физические пространства. Это - физический вакуум, в котором мы существуем. Виртуальное состояние трехмерного физического пространства для нас продолжается миллиарды лет. Для нашей вселенной это - мгновенье. Физический вакуум, заполняющий пространство нашей вселенной - это очень плотная среда, ~10 в 94 грамм материи квантов в одном кубическом сантиметре. Мы живем, как насекомые в янтаре, в абсолютно плотной, упругой, динамичной среде. Континуальный вакуум и физический вакуум постепенно изменяются, их «съедают» законы повышения энтропии. Течение энтропии - и есть течение времени в нашей вселенной. Наша вселенная - это однажды «заряженный» аккумулятор, который постепенно разряжается. Этот процесс мы называем ЭНТРОПИЕЙ. Кванты континуального вакуума - это последствия очередного большого взрыва, произошедшего около 30 миллиардов лет назад в БОЛЬШОЙ ВСЕЛЕННОЙ, БЕСКОНЕЧНОЙ и ВЕЧНОЙ. Наша вселенная - это мизерная точка в БЕЗГРАНИЧНОЙ и ВЕЧНОЙ ВСЕЛЕННОЙ, заполненной ХАОСОМ НЕЧТО (НЕЧТО - не материя и не поле). Кванты континуального вакуума являются уплотнениями этого НЕЧТО, возникшие благодаря стоячим волнам, которые порождены очередным большим взрывом. Кванты континуального вакуума - механические частицы. Они имеют спин, то есть - вращаются. Они имеют три механических характеристики, которые присущи нашему миру, который начинается от уровня 10 в -17 степени сантиметра, и простирается до окраин нашей вселенной, на много порядков дальше горизонта событий. Кванты континуального вакуума пульсируют, «сбрасывают» свою массу-энергию, в виде волн, порциями. Кванты вращаются вокруг своей «оси», но это «не проявленное» вращение. То есть: это движение проявляется лишь тогда, когда они «соприкасаются» со своими соседями. Сложнее с пульсацией. Каждый квант, имея массу в 10 в -5 грамм, плотность ~10 в 94 грамм на сантиметр в кубе. В кубическом сантиметре 10 в 99штук. Каждые ~10 в -43 секунды кванты исчезает из нашего мира, «выворачиваясь наизнанку», приобретая отрицательную массу. наш мир во вселенной имеет материю с положительной массой. На мгновенье в 10 в -43 степени секунды все кванты континуального вакуума приобретают отрицательную массу. При этом пространство превращается в антипространство. Можно сказать, что наш мир существует 10 в 43 степени раз в секунду, деленной на 2, в одном физическом пространстве с антимиром, который возникает тоже 10 в 43 степени раз/2, в ином физическом пространстве. Оба МИРА существуют в одном геометрическом пространстве по очереди. Наши МИРЫ практически не соприкасаются - только в начале своего возникновения и при окончании существования. Взаимодействие МИРА и АНТИМИРА происходит при посредстве «черных дыр» и квазаров. Простая логика: все в наших МИРАХ полярно. Для того, чтобы происходило любое движение, необходима замкнутая цепь, как в электрических цепях. Если замкнутой цепи нет, то, течения времени, и любое движение - НЕВОЗМОЖНЫ. НАШ МИР питает энергией АНТИМИР, а АНТИМИР питает энергией НАШ МИР. НАШ МИР породил АНТИМИР, а АНТИМИР породил НАШ МИР. Для нас, живущих в локальном времени кажется, что наш мир возник в прошлом и движется в будущее, через настоящее. В нашем будущем наш мир породит антимир (как это сложно объяснять в письменном виде), а антимир, в своем будущем (с обратной стрелой времени), породит наш мир. Это для нас, для нашего локального взгляда. Но глобально, для всей нашей вселенной этот процесс произошел в одно и тоже время. То есть, глобально, для нашей вселенной, наш мир (и антимир) не имеют прошлого и будущего. Все это объединено общим НАСТОЯЩИМ. Так что, НАШ МИР и АНТИМИР существуют одновременно, параллельно, отделенные границей континуального вакуума. Кванты континуального вакуума изменяются, они НЕ ВЕЧНЫЕ. Возникнув однажды, они исчезнут, через многие миллиарды лет. Это течение энтропии и есть ТЕЧЕНИ ВРЕМЕНИ. В нашем мире происходит то же самое, можно сказать - это фрактальность, на более высоком уровне. При изменении квантов, изменяется и пространство в мире и антимире, которое они образовали. Изменяется количество энергии квантов. Но пропорции энергии квантов с положительной массой и квантов с отрицательной массой, остаются прежними. Так что ни какими приборами мы не обнаружим эти изменения, потому что частицы, атомы, молекулы тоже изменяются. И приборы изменяются. И характеристики изменяются, пропорционально. Кроме самых маленьких стоячих волн, породивших континуальные кванты, существуют и другие (большие) размеры волн, которые образуют в физическом вакууме кластеры из квантов. Маленькие кластеры объединяются во все более и более крупные, пока не достигают размеров

~ 10 в -13 степени сантиметров в радиусе - это частицы. Если бы не было этих кластеров, не было бы НАШЕГО МИРА и АНТИМИРА. Кластеры порождают физическое пространство, в котором может быть больше (или меньше) измерений, нежели в геометрическом. Взаимодействие кластеров физического вакуума отличается от чисто механического континуального вакуума. У каждого кластера (на уровне наших кварков, глюонов и частиц) кроме различных спинов возникли иные связи, которые мы называем взаимодействиями, это: сильное, электрическое, магнитное, слабое. Гравитация - это проявление энтропии, так же, как течение времени. И гравитация тоже квантована (порции), но размеры этих порций находятся далеко за пределами чувствительности приборов. Например: кванты гравитации ~ в 10 в -18 степени раз меньше размеров радиуса протона, то есть, ~10 в -31 степени сантиметра. Такую длину волны, или частицу, невозможно обнаружить ни одни прибором, даже в будущем. Можно обнаружить эти кванты лишь косвенно.

Фракталы протянулись от континуального вакуума до нашего уровня в 10 в -13 сантиметра. Именно этот размер стоячей волны (так же как размер стоячей волны квантов континуального вакуума) оказался «живучим». Точнее сказать, волна длиной 10 в -13степени сантиметра является модулированной. Она состоит из множества волн размером 10 в -33степени сантиметра. Кварки и глюоны - гармоники этих двух волн, а частицы - устойчивые пакеты волн. Дуализм: волна-частица: Гейзенберг, Луи де Бройль, Н.Бор, Шредингер, Шварцшильд и другие. Если бы смогли зафиксировать частицу за момент времени в 10 в -23 степени секунды, то увидели бы волну. Так как частицы фиксируются за более длинный промежуток времени - мы видим частицу, даже не пакет волн. Все остальные стоячие волны являются лишь гармониками этих двух волн. То есть - временное сложение двух или большего количества волн в одну. В нашем мире (как и в антимире) нет вечных (стабильных) частиц. Протоны и электроны импульсные частицы, как и все остальные. Они существуют «долго» потому, что скорость процессов, которые происходят в их недрах, почти равна релятивистской скорости. Поэтому течение времени в их недрах почти равно нулю (А.Эйнштейн). Нейтрон - «составная» частица. В импульсах протона и электрона, которые «объединились» в нейтрон нет резонанса. Поэтому через ~900 секунд происходит распад нейтрона. Нейтрино - не просто частица и не просто волна: это само движение. Можно понять это через аналогию: информация - это не волны. Волны - носители информации. Переносчики информации. Информация модулирует волны. Различная информация по-разному модулирует волны. Так же и нейтрино - это информация «движения» модулировала волну, которую мы воспринимаем как частицу. Фотоны тоже носители информации, которая модулировала электрический и магнитный заряды, объединив их. В нашем мире и антимире нет стабильных частиц. Информация постоянно находится в движении. Даже тогда, когда нам кажется, что она покоится. Информация, находящаяся на носителе, в частице, движется. Представим фантастическую картину: мы увидели (что невозможно) совершенно покоящуюся частицу, значит, в ее недрах происходят процессы с релятивистской скоростью. Так что покоящихся частиц не бывает. Гравитация, инерция, течение времени, движение материальных тел в пространстве (хотя они квантованы) - чисто механические процессы. Это единственные физические процессы, которым безразлично холодное тело или горячее, заряжено оно электрически, происходят ли с ним ядерные или иные процессы. Гравитация, инерция и течение времени воздействует на все. Эти процессы порождены одним неудержимым физическим процессом - энтропией.

Vlad Menbek

vlad.menbek@gmail.com

A SINGLE UNIVERSE

The geometry of the space of our universe the two-dimensional. This plane created polarized continuous vacuum. Continuous vacuum is not a monolithic, digital, quantum. Continuous vacuum consists of the quantum vacuum, which defined the M.PLANK Their radius of 10 in -33 degrees centimeters, weight of 10 to -5 degrees grams. The quanta of the continuous vacuum pulse. The speed of their pulsation is 10 to 43 Hertz per second. But this speed in doubt. Maybe she is much higher. In the geometric two-dimensional space arise virtual multi-dimensional physical space. This is the physical vacuum, in which we exist. Virtual state of three-dimensional physical space for the us continues billions of years. For our universe is a moment. Physical vacuum filling the space of our universe is a very dense environment, about 10 in 94 gram of matter quanta in one cubic centimeter. We live like insects in amber, in a completely dense, elastic, dynamic environment. Continuous vacuum and physical vacuum is gradually changing, they «eat» law of increasing entropy. The entropy - and there is a period of time in our universe. Our universe is one of the «charged» with the battery gradually discharges. This process we call ENTROPY. The quanta of the continuous vacuum are the consequences of the next big Bang occurred about 30 billion years ago in the Grand UNIVERSE, INFINITE and ETERNAL. Our universe is a minor point in the INFINITE and ETERNAL UNIVERSE, filled with CHAOS SOMETHING (SOMETHING - no-matter and not the field). The quanta of the continuous vacuum are the seals of this SOMETHING that arose due to standing waves that were generated by the next big explosion. The quanta of the continuous vacuum - mechanical particles. They have spin, that is - rotate. They have three mechanical characteristics, which are inherent in our world, which starts from level 10 to -17 degrees of centimeters, and extends to the outskirts of our universe, many orders of magnitude beyond the event horizon. The quanta of the continuous vacuum pulse, «dumping» their mass-energy, in the form of waves, portions. Quanta revolve around its axis, but it's not a «manifest» rotation. That is, this movement is seen only when they «interact» with its neighbors. Difficult with the pulsation. Each quantum of solace, due weight in 10 to -5 g, the density of about 10 in 94 grams per centimeter in Cuba. In a cubic centimeter of 10 in 99 pieces. Every VAC 10 in -43 seconds quanta disappear from our world, «twisting around inside out», acquiring negative массу. our world in the universe is matter with positive mass. For a moment in 10 in -43 degrees of seconds all the quanta of the continuous vacuum acquire a negative mass. In this case the space is transformed in antispace. We can say that our world there are 10 to 43 degrees of times per second divided by 2, in the same physical space with antiworld, which is also 10 to 43 degrees x/2, in particular the physical space. Both of the WORLD are in the same geometrical space in the queue. Our WORLDS have almost no contact " only in the beginning of its appearance and at the end of existence. The interaction of the WORLD and the ANTIWORLD occurs through black holes and quasars. Simple logic: all in our WORLDS polar. In order to place any movement is necessary, a closed loop, as in electric circuits. If the closed circuit no, the flow of time, and any movement is IMPOSSIBLE. OUR WORLD energises the ANTIWORLD, and the ANTIWORLD energizes OUR WORLD. OUR WORLD has spawned the ANTIWORLD, and the ANTIWORLD spawned OUR WORLD. For us, living in the local time it seems that our world arose in the past and moves into the future through the present. In our future, our world will generate the antiworld (as it's hard to explain in writing), and the antiworld, in their future (with the back arrow of time), give rise to our world. It is for us, for our local view. But globally, for all of our universe this process occurred in one and the same time. That is, globally, for our universe, our world (and the antiworld) do not have the past and the future. All of this is incorporated General THIS. So, OUR WORLD and the ANTIWORLD exist simultaneously, in parallel, separated boundary of the continuous vacuum. The quanta of the continuous vacuum change, they are NOT ETERNAL. Once formed, they disappear, through many billions of years. This is the entropy and there is A TIME. In our world the same thing happens, you can say that it is fractal, at a higher level. When you change the quanta, changes and space in the world and the antiworld, which they formed. Change the number of energy quanta. However, the proportion of energy quanta with a positive weight and the quanta with negative mass, remain the same. So what devices we can't find these changes, because the particles, atoms, molecules also vary. And instruments of change. And characteristics are changed proportionally. In addition to the smallest of standing waves, gave rise to continual quanta, and there are other (large) size of the waves, which form in the physical vacuum clusters of quanta Small clusters are combined in more and larger, until they reach the size about 10 -13 degree in centimeters in diameter are the particles. If it were not for these clusters, would not OUR WORLD and the ANTIWORLD. Clusters generate a physical space in which there may be more (or less) of measurements, rather than in the geometric. The interaction of the clusters of physical vacuum differs from pure mechanical continuous vacuum. Each cluster (at the level of our quarks, gluons and particles) in addition to the various spins have other links, which we call the interaction is: strong, electrical, magnetic, weak. Gravity is a manifestation of entropy, as well as the course of time. And gravity also is quantised (portions), but the size of these units are located far beyond the sensitivity of the instrument. For example: quantum gravity VAC 10 -18 degree of times smaller than the size of the radius of a proton, that is, about 10 to 31 of the degree of an inch. The length of a wave or a particle, it is impossible to find any instrument, even in the future. You can find these quanta only indirectly. Fractals stretched from the continuous vacuum up to our level in 10 -13 cm. It was the size of a standing wave (as well as the size of the standing wave quanta continuous vacuum) was «tenacious». More precisely, the wave length of 10 in-13 degrees centimeters is modulated. It consists of multiple waves of 10 in-33 degrees centimeters. Quarks and gluons - harmonics of these two waves, and the particles are stable packages waves. Dualism: the wave-particle: Heisenberg, Louis de Broglie, N. Bohr, Schrodinger, Schwarzschild and others. If they could fix the particle in a moment of time in 10 to -23 degrees of seconds, you would have seen a wave. As the particles are fixed for a longer period of time - we see a particle, not even the wave packet. All the rest of the standing waves are only harmonics of these two waves. That is, the temporary addition of two or more waves in one. In our world (as in the antiworld) no eternal (stable) of the particles. Protons and electrons of the impulse of the particle, like all the rest. They are the «long time» because of the speed of the processes, which occur in their depths, nearly equal to the relativistic speeds. Therefore, during the time in their interiors is almost zero (A. Einstein). Neutron - «integral» part. In pulses of a proton and an electron, which are «merged» into a neutron no resonance. Therefore, through the VAC 900 seconds there is decay of the neutron. Neutrino - not just a particle and not just wave: it is the movement itself. You can understand this through an analogy: the information is not waves. Wave - media. Carriers of information. Information modulating wave. Different information in different ways modulating wave. Similarly, the neutrino is information of a «movement» did to wave, which we perceive as a particle. Photons are also carriers of information, which did to electric and magnetic charges, combining them. In our world and the antiworld no stable particles. Information is constantly in motion. Even then, when it seems to us that it is based. Information on the media, in the particle is moving. Imagine the fantastic picture: we have seen (which is impossible) completely resting particle, then, in its depths there are processes of the relativistic velocity. So resting particles do not exist. Gravity, inertia, over time, the motion of material bodies in space (although they are quantised) - purely mechanical processes. This is the only physical processes, which indifferent cold body or hot, loaded it electrically, are there with him nuclear or other processes. Gravity, inertia and the flow of time affects all. These processes generated by one uncontrollable physical process - entropy.

Vlad Menbek

vlad.menbek@gmail.com

The pulse mechanics

Our installed Is a dense point in the Big Universe (B. В), formed from counter sound (shock) waves in chaotic "matter". In our Universe for accident there is no place, in our Universe for accident there is no time. Only in B. В, in infinity and eternity, there can be such accident, that is, the ordered structure can casually be formed of CHAOS. Our Universe конечна in space and time.

«The assumption of an origin of our Universe from a Big Bang is a similarity of heliocentric model of the installed Kopernik-Kepler added and expanded».

"The matter" head-on collision in B. В has given to formed dense "point" rotation, in the form of a spherical tornado which during rotation began to turn in эллипсоид rotations. "Matter" эллипсоида was ready to scatter extensively (in B. В there are centrifugal forces), but plural blows of "matter" at "point" formation-ellipsoida, have generated in it enormous quantity of shock waves of the most different length which rushed about on all эллипсоиду, being reflected from its internal "surface", coming back, being crossed, creating standing waves (смерчики) (whirlwinds) from 10-33sm., on our present concepts of the metrics, to 10-15, 10-13, 10-8, 10-6 see see, and so on. «Kepler, Descartes's Whirlwinds, Dzhinsa, Vejtszekkera, Gamova, and other researchers».

The big Universe (B. В) It infinite and eternal. It not our Universe. Our Universe a scanty product of processes in B.V.Ona is filled not by particles, not in quanta of physical vacuum, and unstructured chaotic "matter". Infinite is means without borders, and eternal - it never began, it was always. Physical laws in B. В such which "correct" in our Universe, and, such which we can't even present ourselves. Theoretical works on CHAOS are always focused on our world, or an antiworld. In these works constants and other constants are used. But in the PRESENT CHAOS there are no measures of lengths (the areas, volumes), aren't present time measures (seconds, minutes and etc.) There is no movement (in our understanding), there are no density and разряженностей, there is no matter and vacuum (in our understanding). And simultaneously in the PRESENT CHAOS there is everything that is at us, in a potential kind. But everything that is at us is only a scanty special case of that potentially is in B. Century of the PRESENT CHAOS. "Matter" in B. В curls, gathers in clots, arise разряженности that generates a potential difference. In "matter" waves are carried by, is faster shock, not similar to ours The electromagnetic, gravitational and etc.« The matter "locally" moves ». Speed of"matter"isn't limited, as in B. В there are no distances, there is no time and objects. There there is no space, in our understanding, there is no substance. There there is no regularity, more truly, in B. В is both dot одномерие, and linear"pseudo-space", two-dimensional"pseudo-space", and is infinite-dimensional"pseudo-space", and also is listed kinds of"antispace"all above. The eternity doesn't flow, doesn't move, and isn't based, it was always. Was always - defines past tense, but in B. В isn't present either the past, or the future, the present. It not a human place. In B. В there is no time current, therefore definition« was always »to it doesn't approach, is faster - IT is always. At eternity it is a lot of characteristics: infinite quantity. Our current of time with a direct and return arrow - an eternity special case. Actually, time current is one of physical processes who is change of a difference of potentials of entropy between substance and space. Our, human quanta language, is adapted to explain only our Universe, but in B. В there are no human concepts. For CHAOS in human language there are no words. Any of ancient mythologies doesn't transfer the CHAOS characteristic. B. В has no structure, but local dot structural formations in it "appeared and"appear", virtually, for an instant having occupied energy from"matter", and, through an instant, break up, having given this energy to CHAOS"matter". Here such structured dot formation also is our Universe. An instant for eternity, and for us - billions and billions years. Similar occurs and in our world: virtual elektron-pozitronnaja the pair appears from physical vacuum and, in an instant, аннигилирует, giving energy to vacuum in the form of photons. Obviously фрактальность it is real.

Why hasn't collapsed эллипсоид? At rotation it became similar to a tornado. In a file of its "matter" local turbulences, tornadoes, and in tornadoes - tornado began to arise, up to scanty tornado in radius in 10-33 see, (the laminar current turned in turbulent) on our present concepts of dynamics and linear measures and time. Besides, in the axial center of an ellipsoida-tornado, thanks to centrifugal forces, emptiness was formed, that is: the channel (trunk) free from "matter", and "matter" эллипсоида tried схлопнуться, to fill with itself the hollow channel (a difference of potential of density of "matter"). But centrifugal forces and in B. В are. The external surface of an ellipsoida-tornado (and all "matter" in эллипсоиде) aspired to scatter extensively, however it kept (residual shock waves from CHAOS and a wave generated blowing up tornado, between ellipse and CHAOS didn't allow to scatter extensively). The hollow channel "sucked in" in the bowels not only "matter" эллипсоида, but it involved "matter" from the outside, from B. В, filling up its loss. And small смерчики came off a surface эллипсоида and blew up, because their density was above, than at a layer of discharged "matter" between эллипсоидом and CHAOS. There were shock waves which "pressed" on coming nearer to эллипсоиду "matter", and simultaneously waves didn't allow to "collapse" to all эллипсоиду, they "pressed" and on its surface. Atmosphere from quanta континуального vacuum around constrains till now our Universe the Universe from disintegration, thanks to the blowing up quanta which density "fluctuates" from 10 94gr/sm3. To 10 - 94gr/sm3. As the physicists speak, similar occurs and now in bowels of stars: gravitation tries «kollaps» substance, and hot substance, wave (light) pressure resists to it. There is a balance between physical processes. And one more process: Explosions tornado generated shock waves of certain length (frequency) which not only supported a surface эллипсоида, waves got inside where rushed about on arising geometrical three-dimensional space of our Universe, were crossed, creating standing waves, supporting stability (sizes) of internal smerchikov-quanta континуального vacuum. Similar on the Big Boom, but it not a Big Bang. Purely mechanical picture of a birth. Five basic characteristics of quanta kontinium vacuum have generated three-dimensional geometrical space with the metrics (linear measures, the area and volume), have generated physical space in which there were particles (with the "difficult" characteristics), atoms, stars and all the rest later. And also, they carried out laws of increase of entropy, in the created space, "dumping" from itself a matter, in the form of shock waves (and other waves) (E=Mc2). Thus, at quanta континуального vacuum the sizes decreased, the weight, concerning that decreased that was before, they changed. Shock waves "are carried away" to suburbs of our Universe (and for "suburb") till now, constraining CHAOS approach. Here it also is a current of time which occurs at us, in the world (and an antiworld) substances (particles, atoms and etc.) At "higher" level of space (rather континуального and physical вакуумов) if so it is possible to be expressed. Characteristics of quanta континуального vacuum. 1. The metrics. The size, length (radius, a surface, volume). 2. Density of "matter" from B. В in bowels of quanta of vacuum and average density кластеров and domains. 3. Backs (pulse rotation) smerchika-quantum. 4. A pulsation (for 1 second quanta appear and 10 43 times (Planck's work in doubt disappear: probably континуальный the vacuum is a space «tachion»). Each occurrence of quanta in our world creates density in 10 94gr/sm3. Each disappearance creates density 10 - 94gr/sm3 - creates "not clear" negative density. The difference of potential (level) of density of pulsing quanta квантовано changes (gradually decreasing) that creates time current (with a direct and return arrow), in континуальном and physical vacuum, creates an energy current (from the world to an antiworld and on the contrary) in our Universe. Similar on the global accumulator which is gradually discharged. Pulse disappearance of quanta with positive density from our physical space creates physical space of an antiworld, (where the density of quanta континуального vacuum is negative), and occurrence of quanta with positive density, in континуальном space (with simultaneous disappearance of quanta with negative density) - creates our world. The world and an antiworld are in one geometrical space, but - by turns create the physical spaces.

Physical spaces. 5. All quanta континуального vacuum «квантовано» "decrease", approximately on 10-18 radiuses from the radius. It is "tribute", "tax" for existence. «The length of centimeter» decreases, radiuses of particles decrease, their area, volume, density, weight, duration of second decreases. We live in this decreasing world, we decrease, atoms, devices, planets, stars decrease, therefore we don't notice it - proportions remain the same, as earlier, short of a scanty divergence of size of characteristics of some interactions. For us the space only extends, and the further it from us, the objects, with seeming acceleration faster "escape". We "move down" to increase of entropy from a geometrical hill. «Разбегание» galaxies, to be exact, space expansion begins from particles which surround us and of which we consist.

This short overall picture is given in Euclidean geometry though here it is necessary to notice that the space of our world and an antiworld are constructed on геометриях Lobachevsky and Rimana. Fine-grained, proportional, dot distortions of space геометриями Lobachevsky-Rimana, create the general average cloth of geometry of Evklida. E=Mс2 - a good proportion. "Matter" "dumped" in the quanta, in the form of shock waves (weight-energy) departs to borders of our Universe, and together with окраинными in vacuum quanta "presses" not CHAOS. Plus the quanta shrouding our installed atmosphere, blow up (because of a difference in density between quanta and "pressing" "matter" from B. В which aspires to absorb our Universe (for B. В only a point) and to transform us into primitive CHAOS.

It is a little philosophy More recently, a little honeycombs years ago, many people at all didn't assume that live in atmospheric ocean. For them there was no air which surrounded them from different directions. Even they didn't connect a wind with air, with atmosphere. Birds and flying insects flied because were "flying". That who didn't fly, was «not flying». And it even was discussed on scientific councils. As well as that stones from the sky can't fall. Benthonic fishes at oceans don't notice that move in water, in "monstrously squeezed liquid. Almost too most to be created now: the majority thinks that Space is an emptiness, prove that the Earth is surrounded by space emptiness, and even in atoms a lot of"empty"space. If the person by means of reason and devices hasn't learned to"see"the electric and magnetic forces which are overstepping the bounds of atoms atoms would remain till now the fantastic assumption. Emptiness in our Universe aren't present, even in «black holes». Alternate "occurrence" of quanta континуального vacuum with frequency in 10 43сек., which isn't fixed by devices, and with density 10 94gr/sm3. And 10 - 94gr/sm3., (density according to Planck's calculations), create EMPTINESS ILLUSION. All our Universe exists in superdense (absolutely dense) vacuum, on mechanical properties close to a liquid. But as in atom, with the opposite charges, "the opposite" density of quanta "creates" illusion of a neutral substance.

«The Cartesian outlook isn't denied, and ньютоновское isn't confirmed. Huge emptiness in space (and also« emptiness »in bowels of atoms), has emasculated at us idea about короткодействии interactions. Us swings: from the concept of direct action of Descartes to the concept of instant long-range action through Newton's emptiness. From long-range action - through emptiness, to action - through the real material environment. And from it, at last, to the modern concept of the virtual intermediary in action realization.» «The theory of Maksvella has been based on ideas and experiments of Faradeja which, having refused the long-range action concept through emptiness, has filled vacuum with a new material substance - a physical field. Maksvell, arguing concerning long-range action through emptiness, wrote:« ... in what way energy wouldn't be transferred from one body to another in time, there should be an environment or a substance in which energy exists after has left one body and yet has not reached another ... "." That fact that electric field objectively exists that it is material, is proved by experiences with ускоренно moving electric charges. And if the field is material, it should have weight - why to it not to be «a dark matter»? But, unfortunately, in our world of fields doesn't exist. They are convenient for calculations and for human mentality. »And континуальный and physical vacuum -« PAULI'S imagination »...

«In 1905 Einstein in the article« To electrodynamics of moving environments »proves that necessities for the material environment, for distribution of electromagnetic radiation (light), no.» It appears, electromagnetic waves can extend and in emptiness! How photons, and other objects, can define what there should be their length of a wave? In emptiness there are no measures of lengths and time measures. And if they are, then it any more emptiness, and structured (filled with something) space. Any three-dimensional motion is a moving of object on certain distance in a definite time. All it occurs really, in the real world. Mathematical (abstract) substantiations of processes in our world explain only on how many, but not AS? And WHY?« Representations about physical action have accordingly changed also. Now it, remaining physically substantial element (radiation quantum, a photon) could do without посредствующей environment for the distribution and be transferred through vacuum, that is, through emptiness ». But vacuum not emptiness. In emptiness there are no linear measures and time measures! It can't be bent, it is impossible to compress, stretch. Emptiness doesn't cooperate with what and as. In emptiness there are no measurements, emptiness not space. In emptiness the photon can't be grouped, it will instantly creep away on all volume of emptiness. Emptiness is not space.« In essence arguments in advantage близкодействия as that in the physicist never also weren't considered. Meanwhile, real necessity for objective opposition of two ideas (in the form of concepts of the direct and mediated actions) abundantly clear. Therefore (it is better late, than never) to try to resolve this problem of a choice between two opposite ideas. More precisely, the problem of physical process in the physicist constantly dared, but only within the limits of a choice between this or that abstract updating of long-range action. Meanwhile for близкодействия which is realized in the form of the direct action, any опосредование not only it is not necessary, but also it is inadmissible. It is possible to tell that direct action is self-sufficient. At first sight opposition direct and посредствующих actions unfairly, since Any of concepts of long-range action doesn't reject (in the obvious form) possibility of direct contact, so also a reality of direct action. And it isn't surprising, as direct contact to object of influence is absolutely necessary for end of any long-range action. It is a distinctive feature of any long-range action which for the realization is compelled to resort to "services" of an opposite kind of relations, modestly holding back it. Already one it testifies to primary simplicity of direct relations and about complexity mediated ». There is Enough philosophy.

Structure of our world All volume of our Universe is filled by quanta континуального vacuum (base vacuum). Quanta континуального vacuum unite in "steams", with opposite backs, "steams" unite in "blocks", "blocks" in "domains", and "domains" in particles is and there is the physical vacuum creating physical space. But other structure of "granularity" is possible also. Similar objects arise in spherical volumes of standing waves (but not necessarily spherical, probably dissymetric), the shock waves which have arisen from oncoming traffic. ~10 60 pieces of quanta континуального vacuum are necessary, that the volume of a particle with radius ~10-13 sm was formed, the area of conditional "surface" of a particle covers ~10 40 quanta. How many it is necessary "blocks" and "domains" for creation of particles? The kontinualnyj vacuum has zero energy thanks to pulsations of quanta. At the moment of time ~10-43sek., quanta have positive density of ~10 94gr/sm3. During the following moment ~10-43sek. - negative density, approximately ~10 - 94gr/sm3. During longer moment of time equal ~10-23sek., the vacuum has for us zero energy, zero density and zero weight. For an instant ~10-23sek., quanta континуального vacuum are in time «пропульсировать» ~10 20 times. The substance of our world is "reproduced" by quanta континуального vacuum with positive density and when quanta get negative density, our substance disappears on ~10-43sek., for the same instant there is a substance of an antiworld. As if 25 shot in advertizing. In vacuum (in space, is deeper"~10-15sm.) there is no gravitation, isn't present эл.маг. Interactions, weak and strong interactions, but there is a density, backs, the movement moment, shock waves, time current (not such, as at us) though the vacuum is a carrier (parent) of"our"substance and"our"interactions. To be exact: our world and an antiworld have arisen thanking

Mechanical "spin" to processes of quanta of "base" vacuum, mechanical processes in its "blocks", «кластерах» and "domains". If to try to use common sense (and фрактальность) to become clear to keep substance in a kernel of atom with density ~10 14 gr/see 3, in an emptiness environment - it is not real. The density in bowels of particles is even more, than in kernels of atoms. Isn't present in our world of such forces to pull together substance in a point, moreover with such enormous density! All will scatter every which way with monstrous speed! And about «black holes» and there is nothing to speak. In «black holes» the present emptiness, from the point of view of our world from level ~10-15sm is realized. And "above", to ~10 28см., but quanta of physical vacuum in "holes" haven't disappeared. All structure and all processes in our world and an antiworld - only "a pale" shade of processes and structure in континуальном vacuum. Physicists have a good definition - «a potential hole». As it is precisely told. In «a potential hole», concerning physical vacuum, also there is all our substance. Concerning vacuum surrounding a particle, the density in particles is negative. Emptiness also is the deepest potential hole. The potential hole is разряженность! That is, less dense area, rather than environment. And quanta kontinualny vacuum, with density ~10 94 gr/see 3, surround these discharged objects, density in which, concerning vacuum, ~10 14 times are less. That is, kernels of atoms not that other, as "vials" with density smaller, vacuum rather than surrounding them. But from our point of view of a particle, a kernel of atoms, a planet, a star, neutron stars, «black holes» have huge density because we don't notice absolutely dense vacuum in which we exist which has formed particles, don't notice, how benthonic fish at ocean doesn't notice water surrounding it and density of environment. From this it is possible to make two conclusions:« Discharged »kernels of atoms, are steadier against disintegration, rather than kernels with monstrous density surrounded with emptiness; nucleons and leptons still« разряженнее », instead of more dense formations as that is demanded by the standard concept. There is no real explanation to nuclear forces and strong interactions not to base of physical laws available now. Only decided, abstract, based on belief, statements of authorities, and on mathematical calculations which two positions have: plus and a minus. Once with it all were surprised with P.Dirak, having found out in the calculations a positive charge электрона (positron). And the sea Diraka can be quite real« object ». The vacuum of Backs of quanta континуального vacuum is equal to l. That is quanta have one virtual axis of the moment of rotation of quantum. The second axis is in an antiworld, where density of quanta ~10 - 94gr/sm3.« Blocks "and" domains »from quanta have total semi-backs of quanta of which they are formed. Backs of particles is total backs« domains "," blocks »and the coupled quanta. The highest density континуально the vacuum, calculated by Planck, pushes to thought: waves this environment движутся faster, rather than at"our"level, beginning from ~10-15sm. To ~10 28см. The length of these waves is shorter 10-15sm. That isn't fixed by any device, but presence of these waves is"felt"by particles. Fraktalnaja analogy of our world: the more densely environment, the faster in it движутся shock waves. By the way, shock waves longitudinal, as gravitational, not cross-section, as electro-magnetic. At our level of space the maximum speed of movement of waves, information and substances is close to ~300 000 km/s., (29 979 245 800sm/seconds + 100-200см/сек.) At average settlement density of substance on cubic centimeter of space ~10-29, ~10 - 30gr/sm3. In "deep" vacuum of a wave should move faster relativistic speed, but not instantly. At instant movement of waves, our Universe would blow up, has scattered for a long time, and has turned to CHAOS "matter". Speed of waves in vacuum конечна means and she can be calculated, and is possible - to measure. And if there is a speed of movement of waves then there are linear measures in vacuum and measures of duration of time.« Ours »a linear measure and time - reflection (shade) of measures of lengths and vacuum time. At movement of particles before them, round particles and in"wake", there are shock waves which are transferred by virtual particles extensively. Virtual particles fill all space, and in bowels of atoms and even in kernels of atoms. The associates, based particles, should"feel"shock waves of moving particles, at means of virtual particles, and should react to shock waves if their energy has enough for excitation of based particles. Shock waves get through any barriers as нейтрино, but in difference from нейтрино, actively cooperate with other particles.

Counting quanta of vacuum Planck used relativistic speed, as as much as possible admissible. Probably its calculations aren't absolutely true. Structure of particles, their duality.« Ours »particles not that other, as wave movement of"energy"in standing waves of vacuum space (in dissymetric spheres with radius in ~10-13sm). The negative density of particles is created not by expansion and схлопыванием"domains"(quanta) of vacuum (that is almost impossible because of huge density of"matter"in quanta), and orientation change« fluctuations "," polarization »virtual axes спинов quanta which"raise"forces of Kariolisa, than generate weight of particles. It is possible to tell that"density"in particles is created by fluctuations of plural vectors (axes спинов), ~10 60штук quanta. In astrophysics and the physicist it is too much« crutches "and" props », and even changes of laws of the nature, under needs of any theory. Bosons of Higgsa in our world - superfluous. Vacuum quanta not mathematical model, and not the abstraction is real ordered мелкоструктурная a component of our Universe. Change of orientation (polarization) of axes спинов occurs waves, like the waves sliding on a grass, growing in fields, on the earth. Similar waves движутся in particles and outside, creating a standing wave round a particle (creating its "surface"), and round "surface", observing resonance laws, on distance multiple to particle radius (diffraction of waves round a particle), arises nuclear "field". Speed of movement of waves and out of them is equal in bowels of a particle to relativistic speed. Therefore there is no riddle for movement of the photon which has come off a particle: how it starts to move - with acceleration or without acceleration? Speed of movement of a wave in a particle gives at once to a photon relativistic speed.

However, in our Universe of particles with weight of rest isn't present. Besides, the form of particles is spherical тором, not always symmetric. The waves formed by backs of quanta, run round two axes: equatorial (a perpendicular "vertical" axis, it спинорная) and round "vertical", «спинорной» axes.« The body »"spherical"тора rotates around particle"equator", and all тор rotates round the basic axis of a particle, perpendicular to equator. And all it occurs not in a static mode, and in a pulsation mode. For ~½ х10-23sek. The wave тора does a floor of a turn round equator, being compressed and gathering in kernels (quarks), in "the power" center of a particle. Having made the second a turn floor, runs to particle"surface"(to border of sphere of a standing wave), creating a shock (diffraction) wave round itself, in the structured space, and all it with relativistic speed, which not monotonous, but pulse. Particles pulse with frequency in ~10-23 times a second, to"center", to"surface". That is, axes спинов domains are displaced in particles of ~10-23 times in a second to the center of particles and to their"surface"which is the spherical standing wave formed in the beginning of times in vacuum. But not only among particles (blows of neighbors, electric and magnetic forces, gravitation "stir up" surrounding space, and particles in it). Restlessly and in physical vacuum. Quanta too receive blows from different directions from the neighbors. Therefore axes of quanta, кластеров, domains, particles, molecules all time change the orientation that generates forces of Kariolisa - resistance to change of position of a body, - which is caused by counteraction in a rotating body which we perceive as presence of weight at quanta, кластерах, in domains, in particles and etc.« The power knot - quarks »isn't in the particle center, it all time is displaced from external influences: elastic blows of neighbors, blows of photons, gravitational waves and etc. that compels to rush about particles here and there. But thus particles practically don't move through space, making only"Brownian motion", round the center of the weight, that is, a particle взаимодейстует with itself because speed of interactions is limited to the relativistic. All"active"particles having weight, are surrounded by"passive"virtual particles with weight ~10 - 69gr/sm3. Moving"real", not virtual, particles in space occurs квантованно. At means of tunnel effect "weight" (quarks - энергитический the center) "slips" particles in the next "passive-virtual" particle, through surfaces, in that party to which the arrow of an impulse of movement is directed, and "does" "a passive" particle "active", перемещясь for length of the diameter, and former "real" turns to "virtual".

There is "a Brown" fluctuation of particles which is close to waves of probability of a finding of particles in the space, offered Lui де to Brojlem. Here as it is possible to apply a principle of uncertainty of Gejzenberga. The radius, a spherical standing wave (particle) with each pulsation decreases in 10 - 31sm./second (the tax to existence) carrying out the law of increase of entropy in space, or, change of a difference of potential of entropy between substance and space. That is in ~10-18 radiuses from particle radius. It квантованное reduction of particles here, at us, both in ourselves, and in all our world, expands space, creating illusion разбегания galaxies. All objects should decrease for ~10-18 radiuses from the radius in our world that galaxies and quasars at horizon of events (~13,7 - 15 billion light years), "escaped" from us with a velocity of light. But our Universe not 13,7 милл.лет. It is much more senior. At least to it of 30 billion years. In ~10-18 radiuses from radius - all bodies in our Universe decrease. Weights and volumes, the areas of bodies, and length of radius thus decrease. Some «коллапсируют» hardly faster, some hardly more slowly. For the same constant decrease: length of centimeter and duration of second because all these characteristics "are adhered" to particles to their sizes, to their processes. The sizes of particles, their weight and density decrease proportionally (depending on physical space which exists in particle bowels), dumping in the form of shock waves a part of the weight, for limits of our Universe (E=Mc2), but not instantly, and in a current of certain time. Thanks to this action there is a gravitation, time current, nuclear forces and galaxies "run up". Electric and magnetic forces have a bit different nature. Occurrence of our world and an antiworld I do not remember how has calculated radius of our Universe (~10 41см.) Because it was for a long time, and all calculations I make in mind, not on a paper. I will operate therefore with the data under horizon of events (~10 28см.) Which can be applied and to the big distances. Quanta континуального vacuum have united in steams, steams in «кластеры», «кластеры» in "domains" and etc. biggest "domain" is all our Universe with radius ~10 41см. Our world, under horizon of events (Metagalaxy) with radius ~10 28 see, "domain" following in the sizes: congestions of congestions of galaxies (megacongestion), a congestion of galaxies, galaxies, spherical congestions, quasars, stars, planets, asteroids, meteorites, motes, crystals, molecules, atoms, kernels of atoms, particles, quarks (a component of particles). Now our world and an antiworld are divided into three levels in space: from ~10-33sm., to ~10-15sm., an enormous file of space - «terra inkognita», from ~10-15sm. To ~10 28см., an average file of space - actually our world, and from ~10 28см. To ~10 41см., too «terra inkognita». On that party of quanta континуального vacuum almost same world, as our world - an antiworld. With small difference from our world: at us time moves from the reason to a consequence (a direct arrow), in an antiworld: from a consequence to the reason (a return arrow). But all it from the point of view of our psychology: if to move in time from a consequence to the reason we can define that these two functions are almost identical, it different sides of the same coin.« Causality. Infringements of relationships of cause and effect in our world don't occur. The first variant: seeming infringement - from incomplete knowledge of physical laws (nature laws). The second variant follows from the first: In the standard model the opinion has settled that speed of distribution of the information doesn't exceed a velocity of light. And if exceeds? And can have a velocity of light negative value? And if under level of space ~10-15sm. There are those fantastic тахионы? But, it is enough of these if. Stars in an antiworld absorb from the outside all: both photons, and particles, and gravitation in an antiworld not drawing, and pushing away. But, it from our belltower. If we manage to get to an antiworld all our concepts (perceptions and mentality) are turned inside out. And in it there is nothing terrible as also time turns inside out. And time arrow already will be not return, but same as well as in our world, stars there, for us, will radiate and draw. And here from an antiworld, from that point of view, will seem that our world be turned inside out. If time current has been adhered to space time would be unchangeable. But in an antiworld and space other - "negative", and time current the real characteristic (instead of the appendix to space).

Time current - physical process which directly is connected with processes in bowels of particles, atoms and etc., movement of material bodies through space, and with gravitation, and gravitation with inertia. And under assumption АНРИ of POINCARE: «gravitation is the stopped movement!» - That is very close to true. Poincare was more right, rather than A.Ejnshtejn. Shock waves have generated standing waves (virtual particles) which radius in the beginning of times was many times more. To receive these sizes of radiuses of particles, it was necessary for them to be in the size about in one centimeter. The enormous sizes! But reduction of particles with radius in 1см. In ~10-18 part in second of radius from the radius gives value ~10-6 - ~10 - 5sm/second At reduction of the sizes of particles decreased also that length of radius (~10-18 radiuses from radius), that is, reduction (collapse) of particles occurs for smaller length, every second, concerning our world. However, at reduction of the radius ~10-5 or ~10 - 6sm/second, in the past, now particles will have required radius: ~10-13sm. It isn't difficult for calculating. Measures of lengths in our world (and an antiworld) are defined by virtual particles (standing waves) by which all our space is filled. In one centimeter of space, linearly, finds room the ~10 13 particles almost closely standing one after another (now virtual particles closely filling space of our world carry out a role of linear measures). Means, in the beginning of times the length of centimeter made ~10 13 see, or - 100 million kilometers, on our present concepts. It in that case when the radius of particles made 1 centimeter. Has remembered! And if all our Universe, as well as now, had radius ~10 28 see, then, at reduction of the sizes of particles (thus it seems to us that all from us leaves, actually extends the space, and the length of centimeter becomes shorter in ~10-18raz from the length), having increased 10 28см. On 10 13см. We will receive required radius of all our Universe, namely: ~10 41см. It is radius of all our Universe now, after a collapse of all particles and objects in our Universe in a current ~ 3х10 18 seconds. In one centimeter of that "last" space 10 13 particles kept within linearly. In our today's space too in one centimeter ~10 13 particles keep within linearly. That is: the space is structured by particles (virtual) which define the metrics (length), the collapse of particles defines space volume, and as time current. Speed of a collapse defines speed «разбегания» galaxies, and speed of a current of time. However, in the beginning of times when the radius of particles was 1 see, a velocity of light, in those days, made: 10 13 particles it is multiplied on ~10 10 see (roughly - relativistic speed), we receive 10 23 It see radius of our galaxy! That is, light (wave) ran for one second of last times of 100 000 light years, to our present measures. But at that time electromagnetic waves (photons) didn't exist yet. From this it is possible to draw a conclusion that duration of second was in those days ~10 13 times more, rather than now, that is, in the beginning of times second lasted 100 000 years! But in a current ~3х10 18 seconds, second was truncated till the present sizes. Time current is a process. It we have decreased, both planets, and stars, and galaxies, and the sizes of the Universe remained almost same, short of its external atmosphere from quanta of vacuum which "eats" CHAOS of the Big Universe. In our Universe the weight of substance, for these of 30 billion years has decreased. 13,7 billion years - too short term. So it is a lot of processes in this time won't have time to occur. The length of centimeter in ~10 13раз has decreased, duration of second in ~10 13раз has decreased, all characteristics with what they were in the beginning of times (but proportions remained former) became weaker. Curvature of space has changed, the parity of diameter to a circle (number of Pi) has changed, the world and antiworld energy potential has changed, our space becomes more and more flat, close to Evklidovomu. But the majority of proportions, between potential differences and characteristics of particles remained former. Now our world under horizon of events with radius ~10 28см., contains ~10 84см3. In each centimeter is located ~10 39штук virtual particles with radius in ~10-13sm. (Standing waves), means under horizon of events is ~10 123штук virtual particles. All our space (almost closely) is filled by virtual particles, as well as in vacuum quanta. Under horizon of events ~10 183 quanta of vacuum hold (to count not difficult: quantity of sm3. Under horizon of events ~10 84, quantity of quanta in sm3. ~10 99. To multiply these figures.) In all our Universe - ~10 222 quanta. Each virtual particle has weight which can be calculated under the available indirect data. It no more than ~10-69gr. Or ~10-68gr.

The average density of substance is equal in space ~10-30 or ~10 - 29gr/sm3. The quantity of substance under horizon of events equally ~10 54 or ~10 55гр means. The quantity of cubic centimeters under horizon of events is simple to divide into average density of space on 1см3. And if the weight of "a dark matter» approximately in 5-10раз is more than weight of real substance then each virtual particle will have weight: 10 123штук to divide on 10 54гр. Or 10 55гр., also it is received ~10-69gr. Or ~10-68gr. It also is «a dark matter»! Volume of all weight of virtual particles under horizon of events approximately in 10 times more a real matter, because quantity of virtual particles approximately in 10 45раз more than nucleons. The weight of leptons can to be considered. Certainly galaxies react to the raised weight of substance in our installed and consequently stars in galaxies rotate more slowly. Virtual particles are necessary in our space. Without them it is impossible to explain and a scanty share of processes in strange stability, in time and the space, the ordered structure of real substance. A giperonnaja era About 30 billion years ago, the radius of quanta континуального vacuum made ~10-20sm., radius of particles ~10-1sm, that is - about 1 centimeter. The density of quanta of vacuum was about 10 133gr/sm3., the weight of one гиперона was ~10 15грамм. It is possible all this data correspond to our present representations about константантах. Электронов, and other "easy" particles yet weren't in those days. There was no gravitation (gravitation - physical process: квантованное change of a difference of potential of entropy between substance and space, and spaces yet weren't in those days), wasn't strong interactions, there were no photons because there was no space which is formed by virtual particles, and virtual particles haven't appeared yet. But there were electric charges and forces which didn't allow to merge the same charged гиперонам. Magnetic forces wasn't, because for them the space is necessary, and the space wasn't. There was no movement because between гиперонами there were no "backlashes", they have been filled"closely in all space of our Universe with radius in ~10 41см., on our present concepts of linear measures, and in those days the sizes of our Universe made: ~10 28см., on linear measures of the beginning of our Universe. But гипероны already pulsed, and had the form spherical (нессиметричных) rotation toroids. Pulsed in borders of the steadiest standing waves.« Сбрасывание »weights at quanta of vacuum and гиперонов in space and for limits of our Universe, in the form of shock waves (Е=Мс2) began to occur since the first instant of occurrence of our Universe. And it«сбрасывание»in the beginning of times occurred more promptly, than now. Standing waves decreased, losing energy, but, квантованно. Гипероны«коллапсировали»with a speed ~10 - 6sm./second, but not linearly, and with delay because their sizes and weight decreased, and decreased a proportion to that part of radius (10-18) for which they decreased, concerning length of radius. At reduction of the sizes гиперонов between them the free space began to appear. And when spaces became enough, for formation of standing waves of the same size as гипероны, there were virtual particles, with weight in ~10-45raz smaller, than at real гипереонов, that is: ~ 10-30gr. Virtual particles too pulsed, but not in a point (not in quarks), pulsed and the surface of virtual particles pulses only. They too decreased in ~10-18chast radius from the radius. Accordingly the volume and weight real гиперонов and virtual particles decreased for three order faster, than radius, namely: in ~10 - 21chast/second, from last weight and volume which were a second ago. Probably these changes occurred not absolutely so, not in space of Euclidean geometry. Probably in the past Lobachevsky's space reigned. Therefore parities (proportion) of the areas of particles, and their volumes to radiuses were absolutely others, not Euclidean. Time current was in those days approximately in 10 13раз more slowly, than presently. For one last second passed our ~10 13 modern seconds. Through ~10 6сек. The radius of particles became ~10-2sm. - 1 millimeter. There was a set of the virtual particles which have filled all free space. There was a gravitation. Real particles decreasing, steels, as though, to tighten to itself virtual particles - there was a current in space towards real particles. All particles of our world (and an antiworld) are discharged "cavities" in physical vacuum, instead of плотностные formations. It also is gravitation: квантованное space "pulling up" (virtual particles) to substance (to real particles). But "pulling up" of virtual particles generated emptiness which instantly turned to new virtual particles. And consequently, than more close

There were virtual particles to real (hadrons), the there was their radius less, the there was a length of centimeter is less and there is a gravitation. This physical process isn't absolutely similar to a space curvature, but some similarity is. The more close to real particles, the "curvature" of space became большей, according to the law of the areas. Decreasing, real particles radiate shock waves, "informing" on the reduction to all surrounding space, regulating these waves the sizes of virtual particles (standing waves) that, in turn, forces virtual particles коллапсировать, to dump weight, in the form of shock waves, but many times over smaller force, than at real particles. But if the force of shock waves "informing" on a collapse of particles were weaker, than the energy concluded in weight of a virtual particle, virtual particles (further - phantoms), didn't react to a signal, remaining former, only fluctuated within the «the center of asymmetric sphere». The Shock wave departed further, to borders of our Universe, disappearing in CHAOS. That occurs and now. Obviously in enormous "emptiness" (войдах) sew the Universe, between mesh structure of substance, till now there are massive "phantoms" which too weak wave of the information on change of the sizes has reached. Therefore length of centimeter "emptiness" much bigger, than at us.« Emptiness »the much bigger size, than we assume, but because of more"long"centimeter, distance there it is less, and time current more slowly, therefore, about time current, reduction of the sizes« emptiness "-" virtual particles "-" phantoms », the sizes войдов will increase. Real particles didn't merge because they had a charge with the same name (obviously positive, on our representations) which on force didn't concede (in those days) gravitation, in very dense congestions of real particles, more dense, rather than substance density in today's neutron stars. What is the electric charge? This changed internal space of a particle which has formed a surface and has extended for limits of a surface of a particle. For example: the positive charge is a space with negative curvature (Lobachevsky's geometry). Negative - positive curvature (geometry of Rimana). But with charges of particles not all is simple. If out of a particle surface, in space, in the environment of "phantoms" surrounding it, extends positive эл.заряд (it is admissible, from protons) from the interior of a particle surface, this positive charge be as though turned inside out, and has negative value, is more true - pseudo-negative. The matter is that the external part of a surface of a particle with a positive charge "is constructed" on Lobachevsky's geometry, and an internal part, on geometry of Rimana. On sphere - equator «тора» (particles), at a positive charge, on an external surface, diameter keeps within more than 3,14 times, and on concave sphere of an internal part of a surface, diameter of a particle keeps within less than 3,14 times. But the positive charge and a negative pseudo-charge - are proportional on force, with unique distinction: the external positive charge influences surrounding space, changing it under Lobachevsky's geometry, and the internal negative charge influences only particle bowels. They cooperate, during a particle pulsation, but don't mix up. The same with электроном. On a surface электрона the geometry of Rimana, with positive curvature where diameter электрона keeps within on its equator less than 3,14 times, whereas in bowels электрона all on the contrary dominates. There positive pseudo-electro-charge. And charges электрона too are proportional, cooperate at a pulsation, but don't mix up. Magnetic forces arise only at changing electric charges: variable or pulsing are laws of physics. As occurs in particles? Their charges pulse. But it only one making part of the magnetic forces, the second is backs of a particle. External (real) эл.заряды particles change space surrounding them (change geometrical structure of a surface of "phantoms"), and weaken at removal from a particle, according to the law of the areas. The areas of surfaces of particles Mean. That is, in inverse proportion to a distance square. Except a pulsation, external charges of particles rotate, repeating rotation a back of particles that generates magnetic poles. Rotation of particles occurs in two ways: тороидально and экваториально. It is possible to tell that the structure тора rotates spirally (round equator), instead of концентрически. As the electric charge round particles rotates, generating magnetic forces. And all it occurs thanks to wavy deviations of axes спинов vacuum quanta, with relativistic speed. More precisely, relativistic speed in particles develops of the sum spiral, spin and пульсационных speeds.

The negative charge электрона on its surface is a surface of space of Rimana where diameter keeps within less than 3,14 times on equator where there are no parallel straight lines where the sum of corners of a triangle more than 180 degrees and т д. The positive charge of a proton is a surface of geometry of Lobachevsky: where through two points it is possible to spend set parallel, where the sum of corners of a triangle less than 180 degrees where diameter keeps within on equator more than 3,14 times. In our world there are no present antiparticles. For existence of antiparticles the antispace, with negative density is necessary. Antiparticles in our world are our particles "turned out" "inside out". Charges of their inside of a surface have appeared, thanks to powerful external forces, on an external surface, and external - inside. Therefore "antiprotons" are charged negatively and have the same weight, as our protons. The same with электронами. At «вывороте» they don't cease to pulse and spirally to rotate, but live not long. «Electric field. Interaction of charges under the Coulomb law is experimentally an established fact. However mathematical expression of the law of interaction of charges doesn't open a physical picture of the process of interaction, doesn't answer a question, what way carries out charge action q1 on a charge q2.» Opinions of researchers «GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY - development of indignations of density and speed of environment under the influence of forces of own gravitation. According to modern views, it is rather homogeneous and it is isotropic extending substance. н. Has led to formation of observable large-scale structure of the Universe - galaxies, congestions and supercongestions of galaxies. Г н., possibly, plays an important role also in formation of stars and star congestions.» «Idea Г н. It is stated by I.Newton I. Newton) in 1692. Practical working out of the theory has begun after work in J. Джинса (J. leans, 1902), an origin of stars considering questions. Theory Г н. It is well developed for the homogeneous non-stationary environment (in connection with problems of an origin of structure of the Universe), and also for various stationary (at least in one direction) substance distributions: a flat layer, axisymmetric configurations (in т. ч. And with rotation), a thin disk, etc. In such systems G н. It is combined with thermal, hydrodynamic and various kinetic неустойчивостями.» «In enough big scales gravitational interaction surpasses all other known kinds of interaction. As gravitational energy of environment at its disintegration decreases for clots, close to homogeneous substance distribution is unstable concerning disintegration on separate clouds of enough big scale. On the contrary, in small scales the gravitation role is insignificant, and gravitation essentially doesn't influence development of indignations. So, e.g., адиабатические indignations in the big scales grow in ideal gas under the influence of gravitation, and in small scales turn to usual sound waves.» «Qualitatively gravitational instability speaks that gravity of a gas cloud is counteracted by pressure of gas (force of elasticity) (or forces эл. Pushing away), thus gravity is directly proportional to the size of a gas cloud, and elasticity -- inversely proportional. A consequence of it is existence of the critical size of a gas cloud (or a clot in a gas cloud) below which forces of elasticity prevail over forces of gravitation and the cloud dissipates. Expansion of a clot of the raised density leads to occurrence of the fluctuations extending with speed of a sound on surrounding his environment. In turn, when the size of a cloud exceeds the critical size, prevailing there is a gravity and a cloud is compressed. Thus, the gas environment is steady in relation to condensation in small clots and is unstable under the relation to disintegration on clots больши́х the sizes.» Джинс has considered a case of the based gas in regular intervals distributed in space which pressure everywhere is constant. But this case can be applied and to particles. «Essentially other picture of the World was drawn by thermodynamics: here analog of the Universe was not the clockwork with infinite factory, and the steam engine in which fire chamber irrevocably burns down fuel. According to ВНТ, this world car gradually reduces turns, inevitably coming nearer to thermal death that is why any moment of time isn't identical to the previous. Events as a whole are non-reproducible, and it means that time possesses an orientation, or, according to A.Eddingtona's expression, there is time arrow. Comprehension of basic distinction between two types of processes - reversible, not dependent on time direction, and irreversible, depending on it - makes a basis of thermodynamics.

The concept of entropy for this purpose also has been entered to distinguish the first from the second: entropy increases only as a result of irreversible processes. Thus, as I.Prigozhin concludes, "time arrow" proves only in a combination to accident: only if the system behaves enough in a random way, in its description there is a real distinction between the past and future, and, hence, irreversibility. The World picture becomes stochastic - that is precisely to predict changes of the World in time it is essentially impossible, that is why demon of Laplasa it is necessary to send in resignation behind its full uselessness.» Коллапсируя and гравитируя, hadrons at first gathered in clouds, and then there were similarity of cylinders (arose войды), creating a mesh large-scale configuration of congestions of substance in our world. In an antiworld occurred too most. The more deeply in a collapse hadrons failed, the big there was a space volume in our world, the arose "phantoms" more, that gravitation became stronger. Congestions of hadrons, being braided in enormous tornadoes, forming mesh structure, were joined in knots, cooperating (гравитационно), simultaneously: all decreasing more strongly and more strongly, коллапсируя. The sizes of a tornado decreased also. Thus hadrons pulsed with resonant frequency in spheres of standing waves. At a collapse at hadrons the radius, the area of a surface and volume decreases. These of reduction are equivalent to reduction of length of the lever of a shaking pendulum: pulsations of hadrons became in increasing frequency. The collapse reduced a gravitational constant which was calculated by Kavendish. But proportions of weight, speed and time remained almost former, or such what are at us now. Time current at reduction of hadrons too was proportionally accelerated, that is, seconds became shorter.« Резона́нс (фр. resonance, from an armor. resono -- I respond) -- the phenomenon of sharp increase of amplitude of the compelled fluctuations which comes at approach of frequency of external influence to some values (resonant frequencies), defined by properties of system. The amplitude increase is only a resonance consequence, and the reason -- coincidence of external (exciting) frequency to internal (own) frequency of oscillatory system. By means of the resonance phenomenon it is possible to allocate and-or strengthen even rather weak periodic fluctuations. A resonance -- the phenomenon, consisting that at some frequency of compelling force the oscillatory system appears especially sympathetic on action of this force. Responsiveness degree in the theory of fluctuations is described by the size, named good quality.» The greatest hostility is caused by a word "PHENOMENON". It something from belief are

If you do not understand why your rating dropped down. As I found ratings in the contest are calculated in the next way. Suppose your rating is [math]R_1 [/math] and [math]N_1 [/math] was the quantity of people which gave you ratings. Then you have [math]S_1=R_1 N_1 [/math] of points. After it anyone give you [math]dS [/math] of points so you have [math]S_2=S_1+ dS [/math] of points and [math]N_2=N_1+1 [/math] is the common quantity of the people which gave you ratings. At the same time you will have [math]S_2=R_2 N_2 [/math] of points. From here, if you want to be R2 > R1 there must be: [math]S_2/ N_2>S_1/ N_1 [/math] or [math] (S_1+ dS) / (N_1+1) >S_1/ N_1 [/math] or [math] dS >S_1/ N_1 =R_1[/math] In other words if you want to increase rating of anyone you must give him more points [math]dS [/math] then the participant`s rating [math]R_1 [/math] was at the moment you rated him. From here it is seen that in the contest are special rules for ratings. And from here there are misunderstanding of some participants what is happened with their ratings. Moreover since community ratings are hided some participants do not sure how increase ratings of others and gives them maximum 10 points. But in the case the scale from 1 to 10 of points do not work, and some essays are overestimated and some essays are drop down. In my opinion it is a bad problem with this Contest rating process. I hope the FQXI community will change the rating process.

Sergey Fedosin

Dear Andrey,

I rated your essay almost the best score.

Sergey Fedosin