Peter:
I found four earlier papers of yours and went through them, more thoroughly in the first one, but to an extent in the other three. My approach is totally different than the other papers in these contests in that it begins philosophically.
1. Ayn Rand has identified 'Existence' as an axiomatic concept, a concept that cannot be refuted. It is self evident. Furthermore, she notes that Existence has primacy over Consciousness, which rules out the possibility of Creation. Hers is a philosophy of Objective Reality.
2. Following this she also presents it as 'Existence Exists'. I extend this to state that if existence exists here, in the Observable Universe, and in that one cannot juxtapose existence with non-existence, neither in space nor in time, it must extend outward to infinity and be eternal.
3. Observing this, and that we have an infinite ocean of galaxies of stars, all burning steadily, then this 'Existence' must have a mechanism of self-renewal of all the burned up mass, at an efficiency of 100%.
4. This, then, gives us a Philosophical Cosmological Model (PCM) of an Infinite and Eternal Universe, one that is not just hypothetical but one that has been proven to be true, and one that must be reckoned with.
Once accepted, one may start to deal with the evidence provided by our astronomers and their telescopes. My point of takeoff was the Galaxy Clusters (GC) and their characteristics, which include not just galaxies but also Dark Mass (DM), all being gravitationally being drawn in to a central spiral galaxy, usually a Seyfert. From this (the PCM, and the GC, and other evidence) I was able to fit the pieces of the puzzle together and get a compatible and fully comprehensible Cosmological Model. This Model:
5. Provides for the Cosmological Redshift (CRS).
6. Provides a mechanism for galactic renewal.
7. Provides for a Gravitational Lens (GL).
8. Provides, because of the changing density (dielectric) of the GL, for the speed of light to be below, or above, that measured in the Milky Way, depending on whether we are looking toward the center of the GC, (of which we are a part) or away from it.
9. Show how a light path, from source to observer, varies as it passes through adjacent GL's. (See Attachment)
10. Allows for an infinite ocean of GC's, all "doing their thing".
11. Etc., etc., etc. Study my paper.
Most of the other essay authors, listening to speeches, or reading the gibberish in the books and papers, tried to make sense of the contradictions. Impossible, especially if they were unable to cast off the shackles placed on them by their professors.
Jim Wright