Hi Peter,

Just to let you know I will be revisiting your Discrete Space Model. That should be after the FQXi contest which has so many essays I wonder if I can read all. More were uploaded yesterday.

The DSM resolves so many problems without special relativity. However, there are aspects I am studying particularly those attributed to GR. For example will light speed, c vary from one discrete space to another. Also, the unusually high speed of outlying stars in our galaxy, will this be accounted for by DSM or do you jettison Newton's v =GM/r?

Anyway, as I said so many essays to read for now.

All the best,

Akinbo

    Akinbo,

    I didn't set out to resolve GR with the DFM, but when the jigsaw puzzle came together a big hole at the front of the red steam engine remained, and I had a few red bits left that fitted perfectly. Now Popper said there's no such thing as 'proof',... but I'll hazard a guess.

    There are reputedly two effects making light bend; Diffraction, and Curved space-time. There are all sorts of issues with both, but if they're the same thing then all the issues are removed.

    This then agrees with light changing speed at the boundary scattering zones found (shocks, haloes and surface charge/TZ's) to propagate at c or c/n in the rest frame of all inertial systems. Inertial systems can then now be real, made of matter, and as big and diffuse as we like.

    Ergo; Light on a bus does c wrt the bus, when it's re-scattered at the window glass surface it does c wrt Mars (if the bus is on Mars), but that is NOT the same as c wrt Earth. It must travel to Earth and pass into our atmosphere to then do c wrt Earth (DSoppler shifted each time). if it then comes across a moving bus window, it changes again to c wrt that bus. light is then ALWAYS found at c by ALL moving observers. Paradox lost, paradise regained.

    Yes, the high speed of outliers is explained. Speed is only ever a relative concept (it only ever has been). The inner halo has a rotating rest frame. the stars are actually moving quite slowly. But they may of course be moving very fast wrt and other arbitrary observer frame.

    Newton's approximation is pretty good, representing the particle density fall off, but the Yukawa ('screened Coulomb') potential's slightly sharper cut off at the shock should proves more precise.

    PS. I posted a question re dark matter on yours (on an an early June string). I also think your question on the question of existence was good, and raised an issue with the basis and approach used there.

    I think you should be higher. I'll pass out some encouragement. Best wishes.

    Peter

    Hi Peter,

    I must say that I find your essay quite complicated: to me the 'its' are as important as the bits.

    If the information as embodied in particle properties (which are internalized rules of behavior, the expression of laws of physics) in a self-creating universe must be the product of a trial-and-error evolution, if particles, 'its' are as much the source as the product of their interactions, of the exchange of bits, then information only can evolve when molded into material particles and tested in actual particle interactions for their potency to survive: only such information survives which enables its embodiments, its 'test dummies' to become viable and survive, become real particles.

    If real particles are virtual particles which by alternately borrowing and lending each other the energy to exist, force each other to reappear again and again after every disappearance, then they create and un-create each other over and over again. As the energy sign of a particle alternates, it is a wave phenomenon. If the energy, the rest frequency of a particle is the sum, the superposition of all frequencies it exchanges energy at, bits with all particles within its interaction horizon, a frequency which depends on their mass, distance and motion, then the particle in its properties contains all relevant information about its entire universe, information which is refreshed in every cycle of its oscillation. Now if particles, particle properties are both cause and effect of their interactions, if a particle owes its existence, its properties to interactions with all other particles within its interaction horizon, then two particles only would be identical if their universes would completely overlap, coincide (in which case their energy would be infinite according to the uncertainty principle), so I can agree with your statement that ''No two entities are absolutely identical at any instant''. If a self-creating universe must obey the conservation law which says that what comes out of nothing must add to nothing, then the universe indeed cannot have any particular properties as a whole, so if it is to prevent this, then this may mean that all possibilities must be realized somewherewhen, which would agree with your proposition that ''In an infinite universe all probabilities are non-zero'' though a universe which obeys this conservation law doesn't exist, has no physical reality as a whole, as 'seen' from without, but only exists as seen from within.

    Regards, Anton

    In response to my post

    I have read and voted for each essay contest, and I would prefer to stay in the back of the rating.

    Thank you for reading my essay: I do not put limits on things to say to my brothers, some are not publishable! Others can be interesting.

    I reread your essay: I am thinking, like you, that the bit rate of a quantum communication channel could be high (I think the new results in the Terabyte transmission of twisted photon in optical fiber), and is the the twisting a potential qbit transmission?

    I think that fuzzy logic can overcome the paradox of the logic, if each proposition is applied to the reality (like the physics), no one proposition is really true (this reminds me Descartes: truth value less of one) and we can assign a absolute truth only to the not measurable things (metaphysics).

    I must read with more attention your solution of EPR paradox, although I think that superluminary signalling and not locality cannot be separate.

      Domenico,

      Thanks. Yes, truth values between 0 and 1 contain the hidden values we just call 'noise'!

      I agree; "superlumina(l) signalling and no(n) locality cannot be separate(d)" They are both falsified by those hidden values and roundly rejected in favour of Local Reality. This most importantly unifies SR and QM.

      Bill McHarris's essay is consistent and also worth another read, as I think are Gordon Watson's, Edwins, Tom Ray's and Akinbo Ojo's among others.

      Truth is more important than score. But then again, to spread the truth...!

      Best wishes

      Peter

      • [deleted]

      Peter,

      I appreciate your lucid explanation of the toroidal dynamics of the wave form and how EPR probability distributions can be reproduced by the correlated cosine curve. (I also take an "excluded middle approach" to the transition between the quantum and classical domains in my essay "A Complex Conjugate Bit and It".)

      Recent interferometer experiments confirm that a photon can be put into an ambiguous mixture of wave and particle (Nature Photonics, vol 6, p 600; Science, vol 338), thus, constituting a continuum of probabilities, rather than just a yes/no bit.

      One question - how do you reconcile the IQbit with "no go" theorems like Kochen-Specker?

      Best wishes,

      Richard Shand

      Richard,

      Thanks for the comments and support. Of course Bell's itself is a no-go theorem, by passed in the same way as nature does more than was envisaged CJD and Haag are the same, of limited validity.

      Kochen-Specker or BCS makes two assumptions and point out they conflict. That then becomes a 'straw man' argument as different assumptions are used in the 'higher order' sample space producing the local cosine curves.

      The 'orbit' is an additional parameter which yes/no questions can't gain information from. Bob and Alice can then then ask 'how much' in each case, and each get a related answer within an overall 'total'. Those answers are then not linear but a cosine curve projection of the 'orbiting' helical interaction at EACH detector.

      In terms of Bell's '3 overlapping discs' we may say the overlapping areas blend together, so are 'fuzzy, rather than 'crisp edged'

      The Photonics paper you refer sound about right. Is there a title or an arXiv link to it?

      I've added your essay to my read list.

      Best wishes

      Peter

        • [deleted]

        Greetings Peter,

        I can see now why you said we have a view in common -- we do -- and I understand this paper much better than your previous.

        Something that has not changed between us, however, is that your work is so much more ambitious than mine -- I have to look for a solid "hand hole" to grasp, in order to make useful and comprehensible remarks.

        First, let me list the assumptions on which we unconditionally agree:

        -- a continuum of consciousness

        -- a wave function of noncollapsing potential

        -- Correlation of measurement events without assuming the existence of particles

        -- The falsity of LEM for physical applications

        I won't comment on how you get there because it will inevitably lead to a technical argument, and the minutiae are unimportant. Instead, I'd like to take one narrow piece from your essay that has generated volumes of commentary (and acrimonious dialogue) -- the Monty Hall problem -- and try to show how it binds what we know locally to what we can determine globally:

        Mathematicians will always agree -- that given x contestants choosing 1 of 3 doors, two of which hide a goat, and the third a new car -- one can predict that over many iterations or many contestants simultaneously choosing from sets of doors that (by the law of large numbers) 1/3 of the contestants will win cars.

        The singular case in which the host (Monty) opens one door of the two that a contestant has not chosen -- and reveals a goat, then asks the contestant if she would like to switch choices -- raises the question of whether the contestant has a winning advantage by switching the choice, or staying with the first.

        Naively, one thinks that -- because Monty has shown one of two doors that the car is *not* behind, that the odds of choosing the winning door have been increased some 16% (from 1/3 to 1/2) by choosing to switch. In fact, though, the odds are still 1 in 3 whether the contestant switches the choice or not.

        Even though the contestant knows in advance that Monty will never open the door with a car behind it, this information adds nothing to her knowledge of what door the car is behind. In other words, a potential choice (the door identified but not yet opened), does not change the energy state of the system.

        To see why, compare this scenario to the Schrodinger Cat experiment. The decay rate of the substance that emits a particle and triggers the hammer that breaks the vial that releases the poison that kills the cat -- is precisely known. The energy potential of the hammer is identical to the pre-choice of door in the MH problem -- If Monty lifts the lid on the box and declares "the cat is alive," or "the cat is dead," it has no effect on the decay rate of the material or the energy potential of the hammer.

        Monty, however, *cannot choose* to say "the cat is dead," because we *know* that the conditions under which the cat dies are fully determined, even though hidden in a black box. There is absolutely no point in Monty communicating to us that the cat is dead, and here's why:

        If the cat were dead, the experiment is ended -- just as if Monty opened the door with the car behind it while the contestant still has a choice pending. It doesn't happen, because Monty knows which door the car is behind. He isn't an observer making a binary choice; he's the guiding principle *behind* the measurement choice. This is the same principle by which Joy Christian successfully argues for the choice that Nature makes independently of physical observers, and which guarantees real binary measurement of anticorrelated values.

        Ultimately, the free will hypothesis prevails, because -- and I made this point repeatedly in the great "debate" over Christian's result -- *unless* Nature has a choice, human observers have no free will. The energy cost to remove the middle value is equal to the observer's choice to change the state of the system.

        Anyway, good job and all best wishes in the competition!

        Tom

          Dang it. I don't know how this log-in system works. It was I, of course.

          Tom

          Peter,

          Thank you very much for your encouraging review of my essay.

          Your essay has clarified the whole issue of no-go theorems. Knowledge of Bell correlations are generated by a global deterministic mechanism in conjunction with the uncertainty induced by the conditional entropy of a local observer.

          The paper I referred to is Jeff Z. Salvail, Megan Agnew, Allan S. Johnson, Eliot Bolduc, Jonathan Leach, Robert W. Boyd. "Full characterization of polarization states of light via direct measurement", arXiv:1206.2618v2, (submitted on 12 Jun 2012, last revised 1 Aug 2012).

          Best,

          Richard

          Tom,

          I agree. A mountain is a mountain. All views of it differ, as all paths climbing it, but two views of the same mountain only add to its veracity.

          Your comment on the Monty Hall case is interesting. When the computer programme was run, proving Parade agony aunt 'Ask Marilyn' correct and almost all the mathematics community including Paul Erdos wrong (1990) it seemed not to matter which other door was opened, i.e. if a random choice was made, and any choice finding the car discarded, the result was the same. This is what Probability Theory says. There is a 'probability mass' or 'density' behind the chosen door which remains all the time that first choice remains.

          If between two groups of people one man has a cheque for you, and the groups were split 100/10 you'd have a 10:1 change it would be in the big group. If 95 of that group left, but none of those had the cheque, so the groups were 5/10, would those original odds change? I suggest certainly not; you now have 10:1 odds it's one of the 5. The probability mass remains in place. But the instruction for those without the cheque to leave DOES have a an influence, as does Monty's choice of which door, or discarding random 'wrong' door choices. I agree. Standard probability theory is then incomplete.

          A similar additional parameter also drives my EPR resolution. Rotation on a common axis was not envisaged by Bell. Two contra spinning donuts meeting angled 'planes' (detector field settings) will then have additional correlations within the so called 'singlet states' assumed. Wearas Bell just asked 'up or down', we find Bob and Alice can also ask 'how high/low' in each case.

          They then find a more consistent QM uncertainty emerges, as some conditions are certain (same or opposite relative angles, 0 and 100% correlation) but uncertanty increased between those angles. This orbit to plane cosine curve translation is then described by Malus's Law (angle dependence) which resolves the EPR paradox! (No FTL required). This is an exceptionally big deal, but it appears to have been missed. Can you grasp it?

          Peter

          Hello Peter,

          Firstly, since you are enamored of an an Included Middle between binary 0 and 1, by which I assume a continuous nature of space picture, what do you think of the Planck length? Could it have a physical significance?

          Secondly, and reason for this is that I posted whats below on Armin Shirazi's blog. You may have something to say on that thread.

          --------------------------------------

          Dear Armin,

          You ask me a couple of head scratching questions over at my blog, let me "retaliate". Talking of backgrounds, about which you know so much, particularly section 4 of essay:

          1. When a celestial body curves the space around it according to GR, is this curved space carried along with the orbiting body's motion?

          Or

          2. Does the body leave this space behind, thereby uncurving it, while curving the previously uncurved space in its new orbital location?

          Or

          3. Is there a third consideration?

          If you answer positively to 1), would this not be important to experiments like the Michelson-Morley expt?

          If it is 2) you answer positively to, will such a space capable of being curved and uncurved, not be a substantival background? Taking note, that with the action-reaction principle, something can only be said capable of being acted upon IF it can also react. Then as you ask me will this reaction be instantaneous?

          One head-scratching turn deserves another!

          Regards,

          Akinbo

          ---------------------------------------------------

          All the best,

          Akinbo

          *I saw somewhere you said you were always on holiday! Lucky you!

            Akinbo,

            Not always. Last Sunday was the first time I got to sail my yacht this year!

            Yes, the Plank length should be significant. First it may be the ultimate size limit for the recursive non-linear fractal higher order 'spaces' I discuss. It's also then related indirectly to the Fine Structure Constant via the wavelength minimum limit gamma and photo-ionization at the 'Optical Breakdown' (OB) energy density, which is the minimum wavelength planck limit.

            It may be best considered wrt your next question; All implicit from the DFM ontology.

            Let's say there is a dark energy/Higgs 'continuum' condensate of some kind (not made of the dreaded ether of course!), which can 'move around' to avoid the 'absolute background' problem of SR. Now it just happens that dark energy has a local energy limit, so its not very compressible before it starts throwing up fermion conjugate pairs (condenses matter). This largely happens when an already massive body is passing through it, so forming the bow shock and tail of ions.

            (the space 'inside' this remains in the bodies own rest frame).

            The shock is then a 'boundary state' and the particles there 'scatter' all EM fluctuations to the local c each side of the shock (Ergo CSL). Now when the density is high, normally at high speeds but subject to ambient density, the bow shock gets ever more dense, slowing down propagation speed (both 'through it' and of the body it surrounds). When it reaches OB density it gets real hot, and astronauts can't speak to Huston as EM waves can't get through it. (they have to be slowed down remember, to the background speed c. The Planck length dictates where the effective 'brick wall' at gamma lies, so defining 'light speed'.

            Does that all make sense to you? It's actually a very efficient and natural system if you think about it. The boundaries beteween the 'discrete fields formed are 'two-fluid plasma's'. (They also form Maxwell's near/far field transition zone, explaining EM logically at a stroke). There's no wasted energy anywhere. That is of course just a glimpse of the DFM dynamics. There are more glimpses in my previous 3 essays here.

            I should get to Armin's essay shortly now.

            Best wishes

            Peter

            Peter and others interested in his wonderful essay,

            You stated in your essay " A fresh view suggests that the most foundational logical proposition; A = A, or Aristotle = Aristotle is false." I would agree and state that the theorems listed HERE aren't necessarily valid in physical theory. Let me give a thought experiment to help bolster your argument. From summation properties of vectors

            [math]\rightarrow\leftarrow=0=A[/math]

            [math]-\leftarrow=B[/math]

            [math]\rightarrow=C[/math]

            [math]A+B=C[/math]

            From the transitive property, any equation with A+B we can substitute in C. However, in the modeling of physical phenomenon we had assumed at infinity that

            [math]|B|\rightarrow 0[/math].

            Instead we find that it goes to zero at much less than infinity, but far outside the realm of human physical senses we are left with physical phenomena of multiple points that seem governed by

            [math]|A|[/math]

            Is there then a difference between

            [math]A+B=C_{mathematics}[/math]

            [math]A+B=C_{physical}[/math]

            such that

            [math]C_{physical}\neq C_{mathematics}[/math]

            where allowing substitution at the human perspective level leads to pardoxes? I would state that Peter is correct.

            Thanks

            Jeff Baugher

            Jeff,

            You're very kind, thanks. The implications are fundamental and most important, leading to paradox free unification of SR and QM through a discrete field model (DFM) from which a quantized GR then simply emerges. You'll hopefully find my previous three essays fully consistent and now more understandable.

            Peter

            EPR PARADOX SOLUTION SIMPLIFIED

            Take two CD size discs, hold them face to face a little apart(a mate can do the same behind you). These can perhaps represent simple orbiting dipoles or monopoles.

            In your right hand is Alice's detector B, in your left is an entangled particle P approaching the detector, spinning in opposite directions. Now tip the top of the 'detector' disc so it touches P. It doesn't actually matter where on the 'orbit', but your mate's detector B is changed to line up exactly parallel with A. The contact points are exactly opposite so you find 0% correlation. we'll call these 'up' and 'down', (but they could equally be 'left' and 'right').

            You now tilt the opposite side forward, so it's 180 degrees different to Alice's, in which case it touches at exactly the SAME point, so you get 100% correlation.

            Now if you bring the disc P more vertical and touch the 'detector' disc you'll find the 'touch point' less 'certain', until at vertical it touches 'all over', then tilt it the other way, progressively further from vertical, and it again becomes more certain.

            If you did it 1,000 times you'd find at 'flat together' there would be a ~50:50 distribution of 'up and 'down'. This is true WHEREVER on the orbit you've selected the first touch point. (If the discs are coloured half and half red blending to green then just pick the greenest points of both as the start point).

            Now you'll find that not only does this arrangement result in the Bell inequalities (the cosine curve distribution) when the two sets of results are 'correlated', but ALSO gives a cosine curve distribution independently at EACH detector! That means no spooky or FTL communication is required;

            Consider; You change Bob's detector angle relative to Alice's, from 180 to 60 degrees. The uncertainty of touch point increases, and YOU have produced the cosine curve of unequal correlation between the two (up/down) results yourself with NO communication with Alice. Alice can do exactly the same without reference to you!! Malu's Law applies, converting a circle to a plane giving a cosine 'wave' distribution subject to angle. The 3D 'orbit' parameter is additional to Bells assumptions.

            The only assumption is the conserved orientation of the entangled particles spin axis. It is not exactly a 'hidden variable' theory, but a large scale variable as Bell anticipated may prove the answer, substantially unifying SR and QM.

            If FQXi was ever going to have a headline breakthrough this must surely be it!!

            The links in the 1st post above contain the video and experimental evidence of the orbital angular momentum invoked.

            Peter

              Akinbo,

              The Planck Length can be interpreted as the smallest wavelength that is permitted in nature.

              It is speculative, but you may find this link interesting:

              http://www.digitalwavetheory.com/DWT/33_Mechanics_of_Digital_Waves.html

              Don L.

              Hi Peter,

              We are on the same wavelength, some details are different. But overall I always feel good praising your work. :)

              Don L.

                COSINE CURVE DERIVATION CLARIFIED

                While the source of the 'curve' should now be clear, to spell it out;

                To make it more real, imagine each disc as a donut (or use real ones so you can eat them later). Imagine each detector disc A and B at 90 degrees to the 'particle' discs P. (note; it doesn't matter much where on P the two touch).

                The detectors are now 180 degrees different. Any reduction in the 90 degree angle first has only a small effect (so 'non linear') on the POSITION of the contact spot on the the detector donut (A,B). So a change of say 3 degrees has very little effect on the contact point.

                However. The closer to parallel the touching donuts get the larger the 'contact position' change' resulting from the same change of angle. So at say a 2 degree angle, a change of just 3 degrees moves the contact position massively. The exact position at any angle is then at maximum uncertainty. The contact point can be anywhere around the 'orbit'.

                At say 30 degrees the 'position change' will only be 25%, and at 60 degrees it will be 75%. This is the exact prediction of quantum mechanics. It is derived with no FTL communication because the orientation of the entangled particles is the same. Only the relative detector setting angle changes.

                Voila.

                Peter,

                Interesting essay! Your A=A is false idea was new to me, but what you said makes sense. I also agree with your point, that "Apparent changes observed are changes to physical entities and relationships NOT to any entity called 'Time'".

                I think I see what you were referring to in the comment you left on my essay page, and I will have another look and try to properly respond to that now.

                Well done, and best wishes!

                Daryl