Hello Héctor,
Thank you for your invitation to read and comment on your essay. Even though your English made it hard going, I believe I got the gist of it, and because I think I understand where you're coming from, I will make a few constructive observations.
1. We all use time whether we know how to describe it or not, indeed, we have no choice because the period between something being in one place and then another, i.e. the result of motion, would make no sense without our ability to appreciation that that period has elapsed. At this basic level, appreciating the passage of time is distinctly intuitive, in other words it is something automatic and not under our direct control. This intuition is evolved in us as it is evolved in other animals. Apart from people who take drugs which interfere with their perception of time, most people experience this intuition in much the same way. I can not say how lower animals appreciate the passage of time at the intuitive level, but I have no reason to believe it is significantly different to ours. The fact that dogs can catch a ball better than we can suggest that their appreciation of time is more accurate if not different.
2. The notions of "day", "hour", etc, and any other non-intuitive period of time is a conceptual quality, that is to say, an abstraction, generalization, and information about time which is not time, just a means to its description. We must differentiate between conceptual-time and intuitive-time because conceptual-time varies greatly even between people, that's why we have calendars, and of course lower animals are unlikely to debate such conceptions at all. Now, you differentiate between "psychological present" and "physical present", but that's only two out of three distinct conceptions of time, so I think you need to show that you have taken all three conceptions into account.
3. You speak of continuous motion within continuous space as not needing time, but this doesn't explain the conservation of energy, and especially the relationship between energy and kinetic energy. I don't know if you subscribe to the notion that energy must be conserved, or not, because you do not speak of it, but if you do you have a big job ahead of you describing the means to the conservation of energy without bringing time back in one way, shape or form. Plus, those who believe that time is something, and something continuous, can not separate one point in time from another, and so they must consider a block-universe where objects exists in past, present and future concurrently. When people believe that space is something, and something continuous, they too have trouble separating one place from another, and that means something can be in more than one place at the same time.
I do not subscribe to continuous space or continuous time, and I say that time is a function of the elements of gravity, which constitutes space, and so "force" and "field" are also discrete; and in that I have a big job ahead of me describing the conservation of energy.
Good luck with your essay, and the job ahead of you.
Regards.
Zoran.