John,
You again build straw men as you haven't re-read and understood the model. On all satellites AND missiles at 0.5c the oscillators oscillate at the same speed while not 'accelerating' in the local rest frame. Only their emissions, or non-coherent or 'elastic' matter systems change (Doppler shift).
You postulate 4 options as if they're all logically and empirically possible, but of course the truth is quite different in both cases. Only one meets ALL observation and logic! It's just that you're misrepresenting it so it appears not to.
First. The one thing the relativity and all it;'s proofs DID prove and has proved beyond all and any doubt is that THERE CANNOT BE JUST 'ONE' ABSOLUTE BACKGROUND FRAME! That was the whole point of SR, the postulates, and the relativity of simultaneity, and it is borne out because we find c can never be exceeded as a PROPAGATION speed locally, even though relative speeds are NOT so constrained.
But this is where interpretation went wrong and caused all the paradox. Theory assumed that meant there could be NO background frame at all! But what I've found is that it did NOT mean that. We must imagine LOCAL background frames, each within it's own greater local background frame, hierarchically, and ONLY limited to c in IT'S OWN background. One we can visualise that, which you've not yet managed, all the confusion then lifts.
in practice then you're totally wrong about the Space Station. As we well know, has a maximum speed wrt Earth's ionosphere, NOT with respect to ANY other planets ionosphere! Do you really suggest different? The background datum frame for the limit c is only ever 'LOCAL'!! It works as smoothly as silk in all cases. Earth's speed is c wrt the heliosphere NOT any other heliosphere! The speed of light on a train and in the ISS is c respectively wrt the train and ISS NOT vice versa, or any OTHER train or space probe!
What possible scenario can you dream up where this heirarchical model (derived in great logical detail in my last years essay!) doesn't work perfectly?? Einstein also arrived at it in 1952; ("space 's' in relative motion within larger space 'S'). i.e. A lens is a small 'space' which may be in any arbitrary state of motion through the background frame of the local space. The evidence of it's speed is the Doppler shift of what it detects. Let me give you an example you'll better understand; If you get your best horse up to a full gallop, what speed is it doing wrt Jupiters moon Io? ...Correct. It's entirely arbitrary and irrelevant! Yes? All datums vary, so are 'local'.
I propose there is simply no logical or empirical comparison between this model (dead simple once understood) and all others which remain paradoxical and illogical. Why not give it a test run!
(and once you comprehend it do please tell me why it seems so difficult)
Best wishes
Peter