Dear Tommaso,
Your essay has a delightful structure, and Tommy comes off looking quite good in it!
In your comment on my essay you ask about non-linear system stability. I suspect that you are addressing, by referring to nonlinearity, the Wolfram automata/Game of Life observation that with a change in one cell or automaton, as you say, "an avalanche of modification causally spreads across the space-time diagram." I do not find the two viewpoints exclusive. In fact, I find it supportive of the system of maximum freedom, and most likely to result in stability, as it is most likely to address threats to existence as they arise.
I very much admire your attempt to "provide some formal foundations to Teilhard de Chardin." I have felt, for 50 years, that his view of reality is the most complete. (Which of course is not to say that he has all the details right, only the big picture.) And as others have noted above:
"A stone has a soul... but a very small one."
My first FQXi essay, Fundamental Physics of Consciousness is compatible with this (somewhat pan-psychic) perspective. As you note,
"Self-modifying code may be an elegant idea, but if you equate the program with the data structure, thus to the physical universe, you end up with a piece of code as big and complex as the universe itself."
There is considerable discussion in the comments on above link, but I will summarize by saying that I distinguish between consciousness-- defined as awareness plus volition -- and intelligence, which adds logical structure. When these aspects of reality are not distinguished, things can become even more confusing. But awareness, per se, is built into the universe globally, whereas the existence of local structure (instantiating logic) provides both higher local 'density' of awareness, and a local, logical framework. My book "Gene Man's World" provides a more complete picture of what, I believe, is a unified theory of consciousness. If Chardin's view is correct, we should find the universe comprehensible, not incomprehensibly mystical.
I find the fact that more physicists are recognizing that understanding the world requires that we try to understand how consciousness fits to be a very positive sign.
Edwin Eugene Klingman