Richard,
Thanks for the nice comments and reading the essay.
Sidney Coleman's video referenced in the paper does a nice job explaining that there are no faster than light effects. There is no signaling between entangled and spatially separated systems. There is no interaction Hamiltonian. The systems are simple in an entangled state.
Classically you would understand this situation the case of right and left shoes being placed in separate boxes and separated across the galaxy. When one opened the box on one side of the galaxy and saw a right shoe, they would know instantly the box on the other side of the galaxy contained a left shoe. There is no mystery here.
The quantum version of this requires that the system is not in a definite state prior to opening the boxes. Once an observation is made by one observer, the other observer cannot have made a contradictory observation. This places each local observer in a slightly privileged place, since their decisions effect the outcomes they can experience.
Again, there is no faster than light action here, it is merely a consistency requirement. This consistency requirement is the source of the Many Worlds Interpretation which argues that it is entirely possible for the other observer to see an inconsistent outcome if they are in a separate branching universe. Regardless, such an outcome is embedded in the evolution of the overall wave function.
The point is that we ourselves are tied to an evolution that is a subsystem of the greater whole. Our reality is only formulated in the context of outcomes of earlier evolutions, and what we experience must be consistent with the evolution of the wave function within our particular subsystem.
Hope that helps,
Harlan
