Essay Abstract

The purpose of this brief and hurried essay is to initiate discussions with others here and elsewhere on some ideas that have been fermenting in my mind for a very long time. Many of these ideas have in various forms appeared in my previous FQXi Contest Essays, A World Without Quanta? (2010) and The Metaphysics of Physics (2012); and in my Chapter, The Thermodynamics in Planck's Law. In this essay I introduce The Anthropocentric Principle: Our Understanding of the Universe is such as to make Life possible.

Author Bio

Retired from teaching, but not from learning. I am Free and Independent to the core! Among my many and varied intellectual interests and pursuits are Art, Philosophy, Physics and Archeology. In recent years I have written on and participated in various online discussions on Stonehenge, Gobekli Tepe, The Phaistos Disk, The Great Pyramids and others. In frustration, I have given up on Politics.

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Let's be clear about this. Though the title intents to provoke, I am not arguing for a "dream-state" Universe. Or for Existence in the Mind of Buddha. Nor am I arguing against this. Since ultimately no one knows anything for sure. I do believe in a Universe independent of our Mind and Will. One that is "there" whether we know it or not like it or not. A Universe that "is". But "what is" that I argue we cannot know in essence. But can only know what we think we know and sense. To think otherwise is "metaphysical".

And Physics as we know is full of metaphysical beliefs. Much to the dismay of "true believers" that Physics is not Metaphysics. Any view of "what is" (as for example "atoms") ultimately conflicts with our sense experience. And puts Human Life under stress of exclusion. This view is encapsulated in this Anthropocentric Principle: "We Know the Universe so as to make Life possible". Certainly psychologists will agree we do! I argue so should physicists.

I believe in mathematical truths and sensible reasoning. I argue Physics can be founded on Mathematics entirely. And thus not be "metaphysical" in its view of the physical. All Universal Laws of Physics, I demonstrate, are Mathematical Truisms. This view aligns well with the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis. But differs also from such Ontology. I don't believe the Universe is made of Mathematics. Just our Knowledge of the Universe consists of mathematical truths. But this may be changing! With greater advances in computational methods replacing mathematical reasoning.

Constantinos

Constantinos,

For a quick essay I find it exceptionally good and valid. I think you nailed the subject admirably, getting as much if 5 pages as many do in 9. Certainly a top scorer in my book!

I like your indentification that we tend to find what we're looking for, including in mathematics. (I need to study your reasoning again to commit it to memory). We also findonly what we're looking for. The rest hides under our noses and before our eyes, entirely invisible.

And thanks for the citation. I'm sure you'll agree with and like my effort this year even more.

Best of luck

Peter

Hi Constantinos,

you talk such a great deal of good sense in this essay that it is hard to find anything worth arguing about. If there is one thing it is your condemnation of the idea of a multiverse. I also used to argue against them until I watched one of Max Tegmark's talks in which he described many different kinds of multiverse. Some I disliked. Such as many Big Bangs giving many universes, It seems unnecessary to speculate on extra universes that may or may not have been spawned. One Big Bang is one too many. I also dislike the branching multiverse where each decision spawns universes in which both decisions occur. It seems too improbable and energetically (and morally) questionable. IMHO a wave function is only a mathematical holding pen for possibilities until one is observed. The switch is from what exists unseen to what is manifest, these are different facets of reality. There is no need for manifestation of the possibilities not selected, they just represent unselected data.

However -the visible universe is all we can see, but an alien on a distant planet would have a different view of the universe which might or might not overlap with our own visible universe. With so many stars there are many different potential observation points from which the universe may be viewed giving a multiverse of different visible universes. Likewise if we consider all of the potential sensory data in the environment only some of which is made into the experienced reality of observers, there exists a "multiverse of potential", the data that is selected and all of the data not selected but that might have been.

You say the universe is not made of mathematics- I agree but I do think that there are mathematical relations between and among the constituents of the universe.Not the agreed notation that we use to describe it but the "relations in vivo" Differing in similar way as the biologists identification sketch of an organism differs from the live animal.

It doesn't show that your essay was hurriedly put together as you have accumulated ideas spanning a long time that have been given a lot of thought and set it all out very clearly. Very best of luck, Georgina.

    Dear Constantinos

    Like you I find one of the more interesting things about these contests is the ensuing discussions and over the years we become friends following an internet-thropic principle in action! Hello Peter and Georgina too ! Apart from re-reading some of your sensible and hard won ideas for example about photon emission and absorption, it is very refreshing to sense your solid attitude towards realism in physics. Reading physics discourse these days makes you feel diminished as a human being - not only the scale of the discussion (which is inevitable of course in cosmology) but the near-magical non-sensical concepts that have come to be adopted. Sure "probability density" works but what if that is a smokescreen hiding a much more intricate and interesting physical reality?

    I liked your bon mots likening mathematics to english to tell the story, and learning that 'theory' means 'divine view'.

    All the best with friendly good wishes

    Vladimir

      Hello Georgina,

      Just when I was beginning to believe "Georgina", for some mysterious reason, is a very popular name for FQXi participants, you reveal to me "Parry in disguise"! Thanks for your comments. And good wishes.

      As in our past discussions, what initially seem to be differences between our views turns out to be differences in our understanding of our views. And that may be the case with Physics as a whole. Though "what is" is same for us all, our understanding of "what is" may be (is) different.

      There are ways of thinking about "multiverses" that would make their mathematical representation meaningful and true. I have no problem with this. And welcome it as a worthy intellectual pursue. Just as with all of mathematics. I would even accept the "peek-a-boo" visible/invisible aspects of the Universe which could be thought of as giving us "multiverses". And, closer to my thinking, I could accept each "multiverse" to be the Universe in the Mind of each observer.

      The only issue I have with this (and other ideas of Modern Physics) is when these man-made ideas are given "physical existence" as the "stuff" of the physical Universe. When these mathematical concepts are embroiled with a "physical view" that does not make sense. That's when we cross the line into the "ever-never" land of Metaphysics.

      I have argued that we cannot know "what is" the Universe. Any claim of any knowledge of "what is" is Metaphysical in essence. Physics need not be Metaphysical. And this is possible, imho, if all Basic Law of Physics are Mathematical Truisms describing the interactions of measurements. The topic of my 2012 FQXi essay.

      My broad intellectual attitude is encapsulated in this Anthropocentric Principle: our knowledge and understanding of the Universe is such as to make Life possible. Modern Physics by failing to provide a physical view that makes sense fails this, imho.

      Constantinos

      Vladimir, my friend

      You write, "... Is a smokescreen hiding a much more intricate and interesting physical reality?". I agree! The mathematical smokescreen of Modern Physics becomes the "magician's trick" that fools even the magicians! In my view, the more interesting physical reality the Math may be hiding is that we cannot know "what is" that physical reality! Physics becomes Metaphysics in believing we can! And believing the "physical view" we are given IS "what is".

      A "physical view" leads to an anticipated outcome. And when the Math produces something else, "magic happens". This is every magicians secret ploy of deception. And as long as we hold firmly to a theory of "what is", we will always be tricked and deceived.

      The only way out of this "rabbit's hole" of Modern Physics is to formulate Physics based on Mathematical Truisms devoid of any view of "what is". And relying only on our measurements and observations of "what is". Always adhering to the Anthropocentric Principle: our knowledge and understanding of the Universe is such as to make Life possible in a 'man-made' Universe.

      As 'man-made' let's make it Beautiful!

      Constantinos

      Dear Constantinos Ragazas,

      Our opinions about 'mathematics' and 'modern physics' nearly converge: 'Writing bad physics using good mathematics leads to counter-intuitive physical explanations', and 'modern physics does not provide physical explanations that make sense'.

      The existing convention is that we arrive at certain 'mathematical relations', verify these with experimental results, and based on these arrive at conclusions regarding 'the nature of the physical world'. This may appear to be the right path. But mathematics can trick us. A unique mathematical relation can have different physical interpretations, from which we have to select the right one. But from the time of Newton, physicists habitually selected the interpretation that looked 'mathematically simple and beautiful'. They did not care whether there can be other interpretations. The net result is that we have arrived at wrong conclusions that does not make any sense.

      What I propose is a physicalist approach: Out of the possible interpretations based on a certain equation, select 'one' that has a clear physical meaning. And it is possible to do so. The equations of Newtonian mechanics, Quantum mechanics and Relativity mechanics can be interpreted in alternate ways to obtain physical explanations having sense. Please go through my essay: A physicalist interpretation of the relation between Physics and Mathematics.

      Regarding energy, I would like to ask a question: What is energy? My answer is that fundamental particles of matter move at speed 'c', or motion is a fundamental property of matter. Energy is a measure of this motion, and is always discrete. If you feel interested, please visit my site: finitenesstheory.com.

        John R. Cox,

        All measurements require an interaction between the 'observer' (and their instruments) and the 'observed' (being measured). 'Measurement' happens when an equilibrium is obtained. Measurement being the basis of Physics, all Basic Law of Physics should mathematically describe the interaction of measurement; or define physical quantities and their measurable qualities and relations.

        I argue all such Basic Law can and should be Mathematical Identities. Such foundation of Physics will free Physics of Metaphysics by not making any physical assumptions (like the existence of energy quanta). And, yes, QM in my opinion can be viewed as a mathematical theory that describes interactions of measurement. In fact, Schroedinger's Equations in my formulation define energy and momentum of a system. In my formulation, the quantity 'eta' (accumulation of energy or action) is the basic and undefined physical variable. Planck's constant h is such a quantity, for example.

        My formulation is far from complete. Gravity, for example, has yet to be dealt. But I have some very promising ideas how this can be done. Like Fermat's Last Theorem, however, this can't be squeezed in the margins of these pages! But I am convinced formulating Physics in the manner I have argued is the only way of avoiding mathematical models of "what is" and physical assumptions that invariably lead to counter-intuitive conflicts and metaphysical beliefs.

        Constantinos

          Constantinos,

          In encountering comments of yours on a number of occasions, I've found myself in agreement with you but have not been at all certain why. That is not uncommon for me, and makes me try to think.

          What you propose is a very strict discipline of methodology in theoretical definition of terms, and I think that is a necessary principle in any logical pursuit. It is not how much we can expand the meaning of a definition, it is how strictly we can limit the meaning, that gives definition.

          I want to read the thesis for which Steve Sax provided a reference, before getting into a deeper discussion because it is generally helpful for my understanding to have a peg to hang my hat on. And the Rubidium phenomenon might be a good start point. Like Steve, I'd like to see how the application of your methodology works. Give me a little time to digest the link you gave on Planck, and the Rubidium paper. I'll be back. jrc

          Jeo Fisher,

          Your "cut and paste" comment is way off target to the central idea of my arguments. Namely, we cannot know the Truth of "what is" physical reality. But only know our measurements and understanding of "what is".

          From your comment, you on the other hand claim to know such Truth. That is Metaphysics. And there is no end and sensible resolution to Metaphysical claims. Other than engaging in "religious wars". Which is what you are doing here, imho.

          Constantinos

          JRC,

          You write, "*In encountering comments of yours on a number of occasions, I've found myself in agreement with you but have not been at all certain why. "

          Maybe because I make sense?

          Take your time with the rest. I do. Best to let the sensible truth emerge from the fog of theorizing, that impose such 'truth' of our theories on others.

          Constantinos

          Dear Jose P. Koshy,

          I too believe in a physical reality independent of our Mind and Will. I have also often argued in the past we cannot know the Truth of "what is" that physical reality. But only know our measurements and understanding of "what is". Where physicists often go wrong is believing we can and they know! Or they nearly know and will know more for sure with their next best model of "what is". I have characterized all such ventures as Metaphysics.

          I am not interested in Metaphysics. And physicists also reject Metaphysics, even as they unwittingly practice it.

          I have proposed a way out of this dilemma. Measurement being the essence of Physics, all Basic Law of Physics should be Mathematical Identities that describe the interactions of measurements. Such MUH however differs from Tegmark's idea in that it is not an Ontology. The Universe is not made up of Mathematics. Just our knowledge of the Universe is made up of Mathematics. But even this would likely change. As we come closer to the limits of such mathematical methods.

          In my view, QM is such mathematical foundation. So we are nearly there! All we need to do is realize it. And clean up some past gross misconceptions and physical assumptions we have made. Like the existence of energy quanta. Or believing Planck's Law is a Law of Physics which proves the existence of energy quanta used in its derivation. This simply is not true!

          Planck's Law is actually a mathematical identity! Like the Pythagorean Theorem, also used in making measurements. It can be mathematically derived without the assumption of energy quanta.

          You ask, "what is energy"? In terms of the quantity 'eta' in my formulation, energy is the time rate of 'eta'. But I know you mean more than that. You seek a "physicalist' explanation of energy! I don't see such need.

          Constantinos

          Constantinos,

          I've read through your Chapter, and waded into the Rubidium thesis. Let's just concentrate some on the accumulation of energy in your paradigm.

          The point is well made that any observation is a matter of some sort of detection and black-body emission in the original experimentation was deduced from detection, and the same assumption was made then as you have that conservation applies in the transfer of energy. There is a necessity that measurement 'here' is faithfully represented 'there' if at all. And, yes indeed, your eta equation is the same identical form as Planck's.

          I did get bogged down on the list of conditional criteria of 'if and only if' but that probably wouldn't be a problem for mathematicians. Where I don't follow your arguments is where the sensor determines discretion, as depicted on the saw-tooth graph. While I agree that that a continuous, and non-varying, input of energy would accumulate in exponential fashion as a function of time, isn't that time period present in the frequency term of your equation? How does the sensor know it has finished receiving one wavelength of a one dimensional wave? Am I misunderstanding something, or completely?

          Physically, I think energy propagating through space would occupy a volume, and accumulate in a volume, not at a point. Which is really behind my question about using 'e' as the index of light velocity, which I had used successfully long before learning the Convention against it. So we have some similar views, but also some which are diametrically opposed.

          Hope I'm not too much a disappointment. jrc

          JRC,

          ... much too much here and too condensed in my Chapter to digest. And likely my exposition of these results make them even more indigestible. So let's take these one at a time, if you like.

          You write, "And, yes indeed, your eta equation is the same identical form as Planck's."

          Good you agree! Planck's Law is a mathematical identity that does not need any physical assumptions of the existence of energy quanta for its derivation. Doesn't this completely explain why the experimental blackbody spectrum fits so identically the theoretical curve? Know of any other clear and convincing explanations for this?

          Constantinos

          Constantinos,

          "Doesn't this completely explain why the experimental blackbody spectrum fits so identically the theoretical curve?"

          The observed curve of the blackbody spectrum did not fit the theoretical curve. The exponential function does not directly relate to energy, but to the *probability* that higher frequencies give greater chance for a continuous flow of energy to choose an ever higher frequency over a lower one. The 'Violet Catastrophe'. It is the limit of 'h' that produces the fit, as the thermalized energy within Wien's furnace must choose any available frequency to escape through the aperture that keeps the furnace at a stable heat. And that distribution is what matched the observed distribution of frequencies at any given furnace temperature. Probability has its chance, but it's not only probability, it's also path of least resistance for the furnace seeking thermal ambient equilibrium.

          How does your system provide "a Planck-like limit"? Like I said, I get bogged down in the conditional criteria. I quite agree that the Planck Quantum is a time dependent action value. Why it is a preferred value in nature might be an easier question than why the speed of light is 'that' preferred value. (Now there's a Taboo!) jrc

          JRC,

          I was referring to the Cosmic Microwave Blackbody Radiation curve! Why don't you check the following link where this curve and the theoretical curve based on Planck' Law are superimposed. And get back to me!

          Experimental vs Theoretical Blackbody Spectrum

          I'll address your other points after we have settled this.

          Constantinos

          JRC,

          Further to your points ... You write, "Where I don't follow your arguments is where the sensor determines discretion, as depicted on the saw-tooth graph. While I agree that that a continuous, and non-varying, input of energy would accumulate in exponential fashion as a function of time, isn't that time period present in the frequency term of your equation? How does the sensor know it has finished receiving one wavelength of a one dimensional wave? Am I misunderstanding something, or completely? "

          Yes! Three important points to consider here.

          1) Associating a wavelength with time of absorption is incorrect! That may be how the current paradigm of Physics may view it. But I am presenting a different view. And worse than mixing metaphors is mixing paradigms! When does the sensor know when to absorb the "gulp" of energy that has accumulated? Simple. When "local equilibrium" at the interaction site is reached. When does the sensor know when to stop absorbing more "gulps" of energy? Easy. When global equilibrium is reached between the sensor and the source.

          2) We have the exponential rate of "accumulation" of energy at the sensor, r, and the "frequency of radiation" , nu, (thought as the wave frequency). These are related but not identical concepts. The "wave" idea is physically imposed by us describing what we say happens. In contrast, I find the exponential rate of energy accumulation more sensible here. While physically nu can only be thought as a positive integer, r can be any real number positive or negative (describing both absorption or emission). This makes more sense. Don't you think?

          3) Further, the interval of time for an amount of accumulated energy h to be absorbed by the sensor is h/kT (see my Chapter for a discussion of this). If anything this should be taken as the frequency of absorption! And not the exponential rate r (or nu). From this we clearly see the relationship between temperature T and "absorption frequency": the higher the temperature, the higher the frequency, and visa versa.

          Do ask if any of this is still not clear.

          Constantinos

          Constantinos,

          Thanks for the additional effort at explanation, I think I'm beginning to get an idea of your concept and its made me want to refresh on some things I haven't considered for years, and hadn't fully absorbed anyway. I think I am starting to see the expediency of treating the 'wave' as one dimensional because we can't really know if any such thing exists.

          I wanted to check in and say not to worry, I've got matters to attend to and wrap up this weekend, and have to concentrate on those so that I know my ducks are in a row and won't have anything nagging at me. So my reading is on hold a couple days.

          Have a nice weekend. jrc

          Dear Constantinos Ragazas,

          I am interested in alternate theories; and curious to know their viewpoints. Summing up your viewpoits, I get this: The physical world is real; but we have to be content with the mathematical equations that describe the interactions; any attempt to go further is metaphysical in nature, or we cannot expect to understand the real nature of physical reality. Am I right?

          Based on the above, let me ask you another question. With or without quanta, Planks equation is correct; then why do you opt for 'without-quanta' model? I think the reason is metaphysical than physical.

          Have you developed your theory further? Can I assume that at present you are somewhat sure that QM as visualized bu you can incorporate the equations that describe the interactions at cosmic level?