and PV=nRT also you are going to critic it? Am I in a dream or what ?
The Quantum Thermodynamic Revolutions
Several thinkers has thought about the reversibility at macrocospic scale.The time is not possibke considering a reversible process.Even if several récursives series in maths show a reversibility, the rationality and the determinism shows us that it is not possible at all scales, quant and cosm.Poicarré and its works on recursivity are just mathematical extrapolations.The evolutive time is the problem and the series of encodings, so important in number.
The real understqnding of entropy is there.If this entropy creates in my model a sphere.I am not going to make a reversibility of this process just because I want it? The gravitational codes and baryonic series are irreversible at all scales and even for this gravitation, this different force.The universal entropical potential is above our understanding.Dark energy+dark matter+Baryonic matter =irreversible universal process of entropy.The chaos and disorder appears in a short moment just due to fact that we utilise a fractal of this general entropical potential.Potential energy and gravitation are linked on the evolutive Arrow of time.It is evident.
The real relevance is to know that this infinite entropy is disponible Under so many kindof forces, works, énergies,everywhere in all at all scales we tend to a kind of paradoxal infinite entropy towards our singularities, quant and cosm.The aim is not to violate the universal laws but utilise them for concrete engineerings and adapted sciences.The disponible énergies are everywhere at all scales.The fractalization of this infinite entropy gives us an ocean of disponible enerigies, forces, works......The combinations are so numerous.The gravitation is our other step because we go more far in the stable gravitational nuclei.It is the same at cosmol scale.we are still so far of these singularities.But a good new is that this energy is everwhere and sufficient for many universes if I can say.
Irritating to be hacked on LinkedIn ,I become parano.I am coscious of the potential of my works at short ,middle and long term but it beomes bizarre and irritating.I have people who checks and searchs my communications.
Daniel Sheehan: "The second law of thermodynamics is considered by most engineers and scientists to be the supreme law of Nature, unbreakable even in principle. Over the last 20 years, however, a silent revolution has begun in the thermodynamics community that has pierced its veil of inviolability. More than two dozen challenges have been advanced into the refereed scientific literature, and experiments now call into question its absolute status. This talk will discuss the history of paradigm in science and the current state of the second law in both theory and experiment. It is shown this century will likely see the second law contravened and, with it, the emergence of radically new energy technologies and the overturning of the current energy economy."
The second law of thermodynamics is false and yet one should not expect "the emergence of radically new energy technologies". For two reasons:
1. An isothermal heat engine (perpetual motion machine of the second kind) is extremely slow - the rate of work production is incompatible with any human activity which relies on energy supply.
2. As the example below shows, isothermal heat engines could be rather unstable and difficult to deal with, for reasons that have nothing to do with the second law of thermodynamics.
Here is a description of a simple isothermal heat engine:
POLYELECTROLYTES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS, A. KATCHALSKY, pp. 13-15: "Let the polymolecule be a negatively charged polyacid in a stretched state and have a length L. Now let us add to the molecule a mineral acid to provide hydrogen ions to combine with the ionized carboxylate groups and transform them into undissociated carboxylic groups according to the reaction RCOO- + H+ = RCOOH. By means of this reaction, the electrostatic repulsion which kept the macromolecule in a highly stretched state vanishes and instead the Brownian motion and intramolecular attraction cause a coiling up of the polymeric chains. Upon coiling, the polymolecule contracts and lifts the attached weight through a distance ホ"L. On lifting the weight, mechanical work f*ホ"L was performed... (...) FIGURE 4: Polyacid gel in sodium hydroxide solution: expanded. Polyacid gel in acid solution: contracted; weight is lifted."
So the mineral acid is added to the system and "the polymolecule contracts and lifts the attached weight through a distance ホ"L". Then the mineral acid can be removed and the macromolecule resumes its initial stretched state, ready to lift another weight. The work involved in adding and removing (electrochemically) the mineral acid is roughly zero while the work involved in contracting and stretching the macromolecule is obviously positive (the second law is violated).
The problem with the second law of thermodynamics is psychological, not scientific. There are falsehoods (like the second law of thermodynamics and Einstein's 1905 constant-speed-of-light postulate) which in a sense define our civilization - it seems that you cannot remove them without destroying the civilization itself.
Pentcho Valev
Almost Obvious Violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
When a constant-charge parallel-plate capacitor is immersed in a liquid dielectric, e.g. water, a mysterious pressure emerges between the plates, pushes them apart and so counteracts their electrostatic attraction:
"However, in experiments in which a capacitor is submerged in a dielectric liquid the force per unit area exerted by one plate on another is observed to decrease... (...) This apparent paradox can be explained by taking into account the difference in liquid pressure in the field filled space between the plates and the field free region outside the capacitor."
So we have a high pressure between the plates and a lower pressure outside the capacitor - then what if one punches a small hole in one of the plates? Will there be an eternal flow through the hole, from inside to outside?
If the plates are vertical and only partially immersed, the same mysterious pressure forces the liquid between the plates to rise above the surface of the water pool:
I. Brevik, Fluids in electric and magnetic fields: Pressure variation and stability, Can. J . Phys. (1982): "Fig. 1. Two charged condenser plates partly immersed in a dielectric liquid. (...) Fig. 2. The hydrostatic pressure variation from point 1 to point 5 in Fig. 1."
In 2002 I proposed the following device presumably violating the second law of thermodynamics:
AIP Conf. Proc. 643, pp. 430-435, Pentcho Valev 2002: "...as two vertical constant-charge capacitor plates partially dip into a pool of a liquid dielectric (e.g. water), the liquid between them rises high above the surface of the rest of the liquid in the pool. Evidently, if one punches a macroscopic hole in one of the plates, nothing could prevent the liquid between the plates from leaking out through the hole and generating an eternal waterfall outside the capacitor. This hypothesis has been discussed on many occasions but so far no serious counter-argument has been raised."
Here is a schematic picture of the "eternal waterfall".
Further elaboration is needed to explain why the second (not the first) law is violated.
Pentcho Valev
The End of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
"Davide Castelvecchi recently has an article published in Nature regarding on the same topic. The article highlighted that the laws of thermodynamics are many times "paradoxical," especially the second law of thermodynamics."
This time things are serious. The second law of thermodynamics has long been under attack but a red herring deviating the attention to small, microscopic, quantum etc. systems has been very powerful so far:
Nature 2002: "Second law broken. Researchers have shown for the first time that, on the level of thousands of atoms and molecules, fleeting energy increases violate the second law of thermodynamics."
The truth is that MACROSCOPIC systems violating the second law of thermodynamics are COMMONPLACE. See my three comments in Nature:
Davide Castelvecchi, Battle between quantum and thermodynamic laws heats up
Pentcho Valev