Hi Larry,
The answer to your first question is yes. Unfortunately, the error in this graphic is misleading. The word "proton" should be "protium" instead. The electron, composed of three "negative" preons (three "red" S|T units), neutralizes the three net "positive" charges of the proton, composed of one down quark, with one net "negative" charge, and two up quarks, with four net "positive" charges, which balances the protium atom, with four "negative" and four "positive" charges, as shown
Your second question is more difficult to answer. It has to do with the fundamental duality of the two systems. In the system of vectorial motions, the fundamental duality is that of potential and kinetic energy, where the total energy of the system is conserved. This is best illustrated in the swinging mass of a pendulum. At the top of the swing on either side, there is a point where the mass is stationary, so the kinetic energy must be zero at those two points, but at the bottom of the swing, halfway between these two points, the kinetic energy is at its maximum, and the gravitational potential energy is zero.
Now, what I will have to say about this below is based on Peter Rowlands analysis of the factor of 2 in fundamental physics
(see: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/physics/pdf/0110/0110069v1.pdf).
We can compare this relationship between the potential and kinetic energy of the system, the symmetry of which incorporates the law of conservation of total energy, to geometry, because the area of a given right triangle is one-half the area of a corresponding rectangle:
A = (base x height)/2,
where two, dual, triangles are formed by bisecting a rectangle along a diagonal, each with area = A. The correspondence to kinetic energy is made by noticing that the diagonal, bisecting the rectangle, taken as the straight-line graph of velocity, v, multiplied by time, t, defining a uniform acceleration, determines the distance traveled, d, as the area underneath the line, or d = vt/2. When this accelerated motion is the acceleration of mass, the corresponding energy equation that applies has the dimensions of energy derived from the kinetic energy equation, E = ½ (mv)v, or momentum (mass time velocity) times velocity, or mass times velocity squared, divided by two (corresponding to ½ of the area of the rectangle, the area of the triangle.)
On the other hand, if the motion were unaccelerated, the area underneath the horizontal line of the rectangle (the top line of the rectangle), represents the distance traveled, or d = vt. When this unaccelerated motion is the velocity of mass, the corresponding energy equation that applies has the dimensions of energy derived from the potential energy equation, E = mv^2, or mass times velocity squared, not divided by two (corresponding to the total area of the rectangle, the area of both triangles combined.)
In general terms, then, there is a fundamental distinction being made here between continuous conditions (constant motion) and continuously changing conditions (accelerating motion,) and the distinction is made by a factor of two, because the continuously changing conditions invoke the Merton mean speed theorem, where the total distance traveled under uniform acceleration must equal the product of the mean speed and the time.
This reflects a very ancient foundational principle that incorporates what has been called the mediato/duplatio, or halving/doubling, basis for counting systems such, as the Mayan long count and other ancient counting systems, and there is much more to say about it than I can say here.
But briefly, recall that the fundamental duality in the new system, the scalar motion system, is the duality of spatial and temporal pseudoscalars, which also comes from a factor of 2, but the factor of 2 here is not related to the simple 1D geometric principle of the diagonal of the rectangle, which applies to the straight-line function of vt, or the space of 1D vector distance, but rather it is related to a much more complex 3D geometric principle of the diameter of the sphere, which applies to the function of v^3t, or the space of 3D pseudoscalar volume.
As Peter Rowlands shows in his paper, "...the factor 2 makes its appearance in molecular thermodynamics, quantum theory and relativity. It is, in a sense, the factor which relates the continuous aspect of physics to the discrete, and, as both these aspects are required in the description of any physical system, the factor acquires a universal relevance."
Hence, the relevance this factor has in the new system is the focus of our program of research. On this basis, we have been able to construct the toy model of the standard model illustrated in figure 1 of my essay, as well as the periodic table of elements, as shown here: http://www.lrcphysics.com/wheel
Our current goal, however, is the calculation of the atomic spectra. In this connection, it should be noted that the difference between the factor of 2 periods of the QM-based periodic table, and the factor of 2 periods of the RST-based periodic table, is a factor of 2! That is to say, in the QM-based theory, the periods are a 2n^2 cycle, while in the RST-based theory, the periods are a 4n^2 cycle.
The trouble is, in the QM-based theory, though the 1D motion concepts (electronic orbitals, angular momentum, electron spin, etc.), were conceived based on the experimental observations of energy transitions in spectroscopy, there are so many possible transitions, and the calculations get so complicated, that, to this day, the solutions of the wave equation can only be found "in principle," for most of the elements (see Tomonaga's "The Story of Spin").
We have similar problems in the new system, but the main difference between the two systems is in the treatment of mass. In the QM-based system, mass is a given, just like space and time, so the mystery remains, what is its origin? On the other hand, in the RST-based system, we know that the origin of mass has to be scalar motion, but how does this come about? Starting with space and time only, how does mass, energy and radiation emerge?
Well the factor of two introduced by the kinetic energy equation, where the potential energy term is twice the kinetic energy term, is found schematically in the toy model. The red circle of an S|T unit in the model represents the vibrating spatial pseudoscalar, while the blue circle at the opposite end of the black line that joins them, represents the vibrating temporal pseudoscalar, and since these two are inverses of one another, while the one expands, the other must contract, and vice-versa.
It is this inverse relationship, the redistribution of scalar motion, that is a striking analog of the redistribution of kinetic energy in an f = ma system, but since no mass is involved, only changing space and time, something else has to bind the two pseudoscalars together. It turns out that it is possible to show that this bond is a result of the continuous "flow" of space and time, thus completing the analogy of the relationship of potential and kinetic energy in the viral theorem. The scalar progression, t^0, of the spatial pseudoscalar oscillation, and the scalar progression, s^0, of the temporal pseudoscalar oscillation make it possible for them to combine, and, if two instances of them do combine, there is no event to separate them ever after.
I hope this is helpful Larry.