Hi Karl,
You say:
1. Did the United States of America "intend" to elect Donald Trump in 2016?
2. If you throw a ball, and your dog runs toward the ball, it's difficult to argue that the dog's action does not include some kind of "intention", on some level, to reach and acquire the ball.
This is interesting, particularly if you replace the word "intend" (intention) with the word "choose" (choosing).
1. Did the United States of America "intend" to elect Donald Trump in 2016? .....I say no.
1. Did the United States of America "choose" to elect Donald Trump in 2016?.....I say yes.
2. If you throw a ball, and your dog runs toward the ball, it's difficult to argue that the dog's action does not include some kind of "intention", on some level, to reach and acquire the ball......I say yes.
2. If you throw a ball, and your dog runs toward the ball, it's difficult to argue that the dog's action does not include some kind of "choosing", on some level, to reach and acquire the ball......I say no for my dog. Your dog may be a different story :)
Am I being nitpicky with language or philosophy? Perhaps, but I can't help but find your thesis that math or logic can imbue intention or choice .....unsatisfying.
Thanks for a thought provoking essay,
Don Limuti