Peter,
Re What I think are "key differences":
1. Lawful relationship.
Subjectivity is information/knowledge/subjective experience that derives from lawful relationship, not from representations of relationship.
E.g. you can represent the lawful mass-energy equivalence relationship on paper, or in a computer, but the computer components that symbolise m and the separate computer components that symbolise E are not themselves related by the lawful mass-energy equivalence relationship: they only represent the lawful relationship. Obviously, the representation does not have the power of the law.
Similarly, the computer/ robot/ "AI" components that represent supposed brain processes are merely representations of inputs to brains, representations of physical brain components, representations of lawful causal relationship via representations of algorithms (e.g. logic gates represent an IF/THEN part-algorithm), representations of supposed connections linking brain components, and representations of outcomes.
The representation does not have the power of the living/lawful relationships embodied in advanced molecules. It is the co-opting of law-of-nature rules, and their further lawful constraining, within the structure of advanced molecules, cells and organs that distinguishes higher-level information in living things from the lower-level particular-, atomic- and molecular-level information in non-living things like robots. In a computer/ robot/ "AI", it is actually lower-level information that is being processed, while at the same time representations of higher-level information are in effect being processed.
Advanced information can maybe be seen as advanced lawful constraints on possibilities via laws/rules embodied in molecules (that can only exist within an appropriate environment): it is not about the representation of these rules by physically separated components in a robot.
2. Subjective experience.
Subjectivity is information/knowledge/subjective experience that derives from lawful relationship, not from representations of relationship.
The similarity between law-of-nature rules and subjective experience is that they both consist of categories of information, and relationships between existing categories making new categories of information. Categories are merely transposed rules/relationships. Note that what are called "initial values" are also rules: simple rules involving information categories.
I'm saying that categories are concepts are subjective experience.
