Essay Abstract

This paper assumes that an extraordinary invisible spatial perfect fluid sink flow that has a critical flow speed equal to light speed c, which can be treated as four-dimensional Minkowski continuum. As considering all elementary particles act as spatial perfect fluid sinks of infinitesimally small strengths, Newtonian dynamics can be extended while theoretically deriving formulas of the relativistic mass increase and the inverse square law of gravity, with an additional term that may represent the Pioneer anomaly. A mass-generation mechanism is alternatively explained on base of the spatial perfect fluid space. Scientific interpretations of concepts of mass and electric charges, and also accelerating expansion of the Universe, cyclic model of Big Rip and Bing Bang, are made.

Author Bio

Bayarsaikhan Choisuren worked as a researcher in the Institute of Physics and Technology of Mongolian Academy of Sciences and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Oblast, on Nucleon-Deuteron scattering at high energy by Glauber model

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Hi Bayarsaikhan,

You have stated something not easily noticed and extremely interesting, "The relative motion in Special and General Theory of Relativity is perceived to be a motion of a material object relative to its ambient spatial fluid (i.e. relative to space itself)."

What you are saying (correct me if I am mis-interpreting this) is that particles in spacetime not only have a relative motion to other particles in spacetime but have a relative motion to the underlying spacetime itself which leads to the consequences we see in special relativity. This is brilliant! Now do you have any idea of what spacetime is composed of to accomplish this? That is what Einstein was looking for but couldn't figure it out... Einstein put some of these thoughts in this presentation he gave:

http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Extras/Einstein_ether.html

You also seem to be implying with your idea that if spacetime is composed of something and particles are composed of something, that the known energy fields and properties of particles are a result of the interaction of what each is made of. Is that what you are saying? Have you worked out any correlation in regards to this?

I enjoyed the essay. I do hope you explain how this essay relates to the fundamental question meme of the contest. Wish you the best as to how your ideas play out in the contest

Andrew

Bayarsaikhan,

Just scanning your essay, I must say that it resembles similar thinking in different metaphysical terminology. Spacetime as a perfect and extraordinary fluid is interesting and practical way of describing the continuum as a real though immaterial origin of energy. You are essentially arguing that space and time differentiate from a unity which continuously creates more energy than there is space at any instant, for it to exist at a minimum energy density bound. And that where energy does exist at that minimum universal density it exists at light velocity. Superluminal velocity is not disallowed in dynamics if we accept that the speed of light is an averaged velocity across the length of any single wavelenghth of a cyclic acceleration/deceleration event. So that minimum density at light velocity is really an empirical lower bound of any spatial fluid sink, conserving space in an energy supersaturate universe.

I freely admit a personal prejudice in favor of your fundamental conjecture, it is very close to my early modeling in simplistic algebraic terms and Euclidean geometry of a rationale to explain the wave-particle duality of electromagnetic radiation, and some subsequent unitary field theorization in the mid-1980's.

Good Luck, I will carefully read your essay before giving my public rating. Thanks for contributing to efforts in rationalizing the Relativity/Quantum impasse. jrc

    All differences aside, I do like the effort. jrc

    10 days later

    Hi Bayarsaikhan,

    I appreciate that a lot of thought and effort has gone into your model and the presentation of it here. I'm afraid I can't bring myself to read it in its entirety as I think the fudamental premise is incorrect and so it is 'barking up the wrong tree', so to say. As space-time is not foundational. I see from the comments that other readers are far more inspired and enthusiastic about it. So with good luck you will get more readers like them. Thank you for sharing your work with us. Kind regards Georgina

    7 days later
    5 days later

    Dear Bayarsaikhan Choisure

    You wrote: "In this paper, we assume space-time as an extraordinary invisible perfect fluid filling all available free space throughout the entire Universe, while flowing inward toward all material objects and having created all subatomic particles in a form similar to a singular sink."

    Please stop assuming.

    My research has concluded that Nature must have devised the only permanent real structure of the Universe obtainable for the real Universe existed for millions of years before man and his finite complex informational systems ever appeared on earth. The real physical Universe consists only of one single unified VISIBLE infinite surface occurring eternally in one single infinite dimension that am always illuminated mostly by finite non-surface light.

    Joe Fisher, ORCID ID 0000-0003-3988-8687. Unaffiliated

    5 days later

    Dear Bayarsaikhan,

    Interesting read and theory. I agree there's certainly something out there too small to perceive!

    Also nicely written and presented so I think doesn't deserve to be in the 4's.

    I am of the view that 'motionless' needs more explanation as you discuss motion in a number of places making it look perhaps contradictory? And can I assume in line 4 of your conclusions we could add 'local' before ambient?

    You don't seem to be engaging, which is a shame. I hope you read others, and particularly mine of course!

    Very best of luck

    Peter

    Hi

    You have a very nice idea.... I highly appreciate your essay and hope for reciprocity.

    I request you please spend some of the valuable time on Dynamic Universe Model also and give your some of the valuable & esteemed guidance

    Some of the Main foundational points of Dynamic Universe Model :

    -No Isotropy

    -No Homogeneity

    -No Space-time continuum

    -Non-uniform density of matter, universe is lumpy

    -No singularities

    -No collisions between bodies

    -No blackholes

    -No warm holes

    -No Bigbang

    -No repulsion between distant Galaxies

    -Non-empty Universe

    -No imaginary or negative time axis

    -No imaginary X, Y, Z axes

    -No differential and Integral Equations mathematically

    -No General Relativity and Model does not reduce to GR on any condition

    -No Creation of matter like Bigbang or steady-state models

    -No many mini Bigbangs

    -No Missing Mass / Dark matter

    -No Dark energy

    -No Bigbang generated CMB detected

    -No Multi-verses

    Here:

    -Accelerating Expanding universe with 33% Blue shifted Galaxies

    -Newton's Gravitation law works everywhere in the same way

    -All bodies dynamically moving

    -All bodies move in dynamic Equilibrium

    -Closed universe model no light or bodies will go away from universe

    -Single Universe no baby universes

    -Time is linear as observed on earth, moving forward only

    -Independent x,y,z coordinate axes and Time axis no interdependencies between axes..

    -UGF (Universal Gravitational Force) calculated on every point-mass

    -Tensors (Linear) used for giving UNIQUE solutions for each time step

    -Uses everyday physics as achievable by engineering

    -21000 linear equations are used in an Excel sheet

    -Computerized calculations uses 16 decimal digit accuracy

    -Data mining and data warehousing techniques are used for data extraction from large amounts of data.

    - Many predictions of Dynamic Universe Model came true....Have a look at

    http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_15.html

    I request you to please have a look at my essay also, and give some of your esteemed criticism for your information........

    Dynamic Universe Model says that the energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation passing grazingly near any gravitating mass changes its in frequency and finally will convert into neutrinos (mass). We all know that there is no experiment or quest in this direction. Energy conversion happens from mass to energy with the famous E=mC2, the other side of this conversion was not thought off. This is a new fundamental prediction by Dynamic Universe Model, a foundational quest in the area of Astrophysics and Cosmology.

    In accordance with Dynamic Universe Model frequency shift happens on both the sides of spectrum when any electromagnetic radiation passes grazingly near gravitating mass. With this new verification, we will open a new frontier that will unlock a way for formation of the basis for continual Nucleosynthesis (continuous formation of elements) in our Universe. Amount of frequency shift will depend on relative velocity difference. All the papers of author can be downloaded from "http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/ "

    I request you to please post your reply in my essay also, so that I can get an intimation that you replied

    Best

    =snp

    7 days later

    Dear Fellow Essayists

    This will be my final plea for fair treatment.,

    Reliable evidence exists that proves that the surface of the earth was formed millions of years before man and his utterly complex finite informational systems ever appeared on that surface. It logically follows that Nature must have permanently devised the only single physical construct of earth allowable.

    All objects, be they solid, liquid, or vaporous have always had a visible surface. This is because the real Universe must consist only of one single unified VISIBLE infinite surface occurring eternally in one single infinite dimension that am always illuminated mostly by finite non-surface light.

    Only the truth can set you free.

    Joe Fisher, Realist

    12 days later

    Dear Bayarsaikhan,

    The FQXi contest is primarily a competition of new alternative ideas on the fundamental issues of knowledge (physics, mathematics, cosmology). You give such new ideas. This is extremely important. Especially important are new alternative ideas in cosmology . I just believe that the "big bang" hypothesis should have an ontological justification.

    Yours faithfully,

    Vladimir

    11 days later

    Dear Bayarsaikhan,

    Here we are again all together.

    С большим интересом читаю ваше эссе, которое, конечно, достойно высокой оценки.

    With great interest I read your essay, which of course is worthy of the highest praise.

    Hopefully you will take away something from my effort that justifies the time you have given me.

    Vladimir Fedorov

    https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/3080

    Dear Bayarsaikhan Choisuren, contemplating the beauty of your mathematical formula, can immediately give you 10. I'll give you such a rating, however, I am against unnecessary encryption of physics in mathematical symbols. Spatially the liquid which you explain the essence of body mass, in the New Cartesian Physics is just matter, because according to the principle of identity of space and matter Descartes, space is matter and matter is space that is moving. Look at my essay, FQXi Fundamental in New Cartesian Physics by Dizhechko Boris Semyonovich Where I showed how radically the physics can change if it follows the principle of identity of space and matter of Descartes. I hope you will not leave without attention to this principle and appreciate good New Cartesian Physics for his radicalism

    Sincerely, Dizhechko Boris Semyonovich.

    Dear Bayarsaikhan

    You have presented an excellent alternative idea to the solution of the amazing gravity problem. In my opinion, it should deserve serious attention among specialists. I was especially interested in the possibility of interpreting the famous pioneer's anomaly. Well, I also think BB is out of doubt, although there are still many opponents to it. Honestly speaking to me it is difficult so quickly to unequivocally confirm all your calculations and conclusions that require a certain time. But I want to believe and wish that they would all be true, because your work is really impressive. Therefore, I consider it my duty to support you. Please try to look at my critical work, where you will find a few words about ST and GR.

    My good wishes to you.

    P.S.

    Dear Bayarsaikhan,

    I think the gravity problem must be solved in the totally different field that is the logical-cognitive side of question. I have my own solution on this direction - you can check it when you will have free time:

    your link text]your link text[article is here]

    PS

    Dear Bayarsaikhan

    I think gravity problem can be solved in the other field that is from its logical-cognitive side. Check please here if you have good enough time!

    Article

    Dear Dr. Bayarsaikhan Choisuren,

    Thank you for your interesting ideas on the nature of elementary particles, their mass and gravity.

    With the best regards

    M.Yu.Khlopov

    Wonderful ideas, very thorough treatment to a super high rigour.

    A Perfect invisible liquid with a critical flow speed of the speed of light c. In Figure 1 The red square dot circle illustrates the horizon surface Sc. To paraphrase Dirac, spin is the square root of geometry. The outside of Sc can be treated as the four-dimensional Minkowski continuum -- hence a Geometric picture (following Edward Witten) so this spinC structure (perfect outside) is nonzero hence this square root bundle has a non-integral Chern class, which means that it fails the triple overlap condition. In particular, the product of transition functions on a three-way intersection is not always equal to one, as is required for a principal bundle. Instead it is sometimes в€'1. Which is clearly what is happening -- how do you stop the perfect liquid having "inherent intrinsic "spin" structure" at Sc which must be the continuum. Minkowski made "the speed of light= the square root of "minus one"" in his formulation of Einstein's special relativity postulates. So I cannot see how you don't get "ghosts of spin" happening at the Sc boundary. Clearly we have ghosts in the machine (so to speak).

    Putting it more basic terms == the surface tension is the boundary between "the speed of light" and the "square root of minus one" or even more simply it is the "equal sign itself". Or in other terms -- you use "Sc" as a constant to close the algebra (that is, your equations). The Fundamental theorem of algebra states we have "square roots" that close the equations. You draw diagrams that close the flows of your perfect liquid. See the long derivation below. I hope you can understand it.

    I feel there are some correspondence issues with how you have defined "Sc" as it relates to special relativity postulate.

    From Minkowski's paper. The link:

    https://www.math.nyu.edu/~tschinke/papers/yuri/14minkow

    ski/raum-und-zeit.pdf

    the passage you quoted is on page 86, starting with the 2nd paragraph. Armin translated it (German is his native language):

    "One can from the outset choose the relationship between the unit length and unit time such that the natural speed limit is c=1. If one introduces в€љ-1 times t=s instead of t, then the quadratic differential expression

    dП„ВІ = - dxВІ - dyВІ - dzВІ - dsВІ

    is completely symmetric in x,y,z,s and this symmetry transfers to any law which does not contradict the world postulate [he used this term on p 82 apparently for a mathematical version of the principle of relativity, and which he uses as a justification for considering space and time on an equal footing]. One can then clothe the essence of the postulate mathematically in the pregnant mystical formula

    3 x 10вЃµ km = в€љ-1 s

    I understand now why you might you thought that one can substitute the imaginary unit for c. However: the metric in the equation above is Euclidean, as all the terms on the right have the same sign. If this is not easy to see, suppose we symbolize the spacetime interval by r (normally we would use s, but Minkowski is already using it in this formula), then we can define

    dП„ВІ = - drВІ

    then all the minus signs turn into plus signs if we set the right sides of the two equations equal to each other:

    dП„ВІ = dxВІ + dyВІ + dzВІ + dsВІ

    The point is, in his operation he did not actually consider "c=i" but rather "s=it", which turns the geometry into Euclidean four-space and his "mystical formula" does hold in that geometry. But if you take your geometry to be Euclidean fourspace instead of Minkowski spacetime, then you have to also modify all other special relativistic equations accordingly. For example, the momentum four-vector, which in Minkowski spacetime is

    (E/c, p)

    under the Euclidean metric becomes

    (p,iE/c)

    so that the Minkowski norm of the momentum four-vector, which is.

    EВІ/cВІ - pВІ = mв‚ЂВІcВІ

    under the Euclidean metric becomes

    - ( - EВІ/cВІ ) - pВІ = mв‚ЂВІcВІ

    Notice that in order to make this come out right, the right hand side under the Euclidean metric has to have the opposite sign as the Energy, whereas under the Minkowski metric it has the same sign. That implies:

    mв‚ЂВІcВІMinkowski = - mв‚ЂВІcВІEuclidean

    and since in both cases we consider the rest mass mв‚Ђ to not change sign under either metric, it has to be the case that

    cВІMinkowski = - cВІEuclidean

    From which it follows that

    cEuclidean = icMinkowski

    The unusual notationdrives home that Minkowski's "[pregnant] mystical formula" is just the result of considering special relativity in a Euclidean metric.

    So which "speed of light are you using"? is the question.

    I have rated you excellent essay very very highly. Well done on this difficult subject. Yours Harri

    If you have time please visit my essay https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/3133 it expands this relationship of the speed of light and the closure of algebra.

    Dear Bayarsaikhan,

    Many thanks for the kind words, interest shown in my work and for excellent questions.

    The questions on the forum help to identify topics that I did not explain well enough in the essay.

    You write: «I understood that your idea is based on nonideal medium of a physical vacuum».

    Non ideality of the medium of the physical vacuum is a key concept.

    «The rightmost term describes dissipation of the energy stored in the vortex. As a result, the vortex with the lapse of time will disappear».

    This is the main reason why doctrinal physics abandoned toroidal vortices. And to prove that vortices are stable in a linear system is impossible.

    Therefore, to solve this problem Sbitnev suggested the following.

    «Assuming that the fluid is a physical vacuum, which meets the requirements specified earlier, we must say that the viscosity vanishes».

    On the one hand, Sbitnev is mistaken that it is possible to solve the instability of vortices by introducing the ideal properties of the viscosity of a medium in a physical vacuum. Each of us knows that there are no ideal properties of matter. It's just mysticism. For example, the introduction of ideal properties contradicts the observed deceleration of the Pioneers, they were decelerated with the viscosity index determined by the Hubble parameter, how the photons that form the redshift are decelerated.

    On the other hand, having declared ideal properties, Sbitnev has lost all opportunity to adequately explain the causality of all processes in the universe and the self-organization of matter.

    For example, let us recall the main argument of OTO supporters when they refused from ether - if the ether were, then due to friction, the Earth would fall on the Sun. In fact, Sbitnev commits a similar error by announcing the ideal properties of the viscosity of the physical vacuum medium.

    In my work is affirmed that all processes in the universe are carried out because of the finite viscosity of the medium of the physical vacuum, determined by a parameter equal to or greater than the Hubble parameter. The low viscosity is compensated by the fact that all processes occur at the frequencies of high-quality parametric resonance between soliton toroidal gravitational waves (de Broglie and Compton waves), where a weak coupling leads to strong interactions. This is analogous to a weak connection in high-Q circuits, which leads to the transfer of almost all energy.

    The nonlinearity of the medium of the physical vacuum is due to the well-known dynamic regularity of the de Broglie wavelength from the velocity of the Compton wave. Most importantly, it is necessary to understand that the dynamic de Broglie waves are necessary to maintain the Compton waves in a stable state with any change in the rate of their perturbation.

    Each de Broglie wave forms its de Broglie wave, as a result, it has a certain range of stability. Thus, around each toroidal gravitational wave of Compton, a large gravisphere (this is your bubble) is formed from the set of toroidal gravitational waves of de Broglie.

    Gravisphere concentrates energy in the center of gravitation, working on the principle of the heat pump. Gravisphere has a variable density, forms the effect of mass and inertia, continuously rebuilding its structure and changing energy. Thus, the gravisphere is always adjusted to new conditions of motion in a rigid and non-linear medium of the physical vacuum, minimizing the resistance force.

    The medium of the physical vacuum consists of toroidal gravitational waves of de Broglie, which are quantum-parametrically transformed on harmonics or subharmonics of parametric resonance. Some waves of de Broglie "annihilate", turning into photons, others are synthesized. Those. photons dissipate energy, and toroidal gravitational waves focus the energy.

    In my essay in 2018 I gave simple relationships for the basic parameters of elements (of de Broglie waves) of the physical vacuum medium, including for fundamental frequency grids on which the elements of matter are transformed.

    The Earth does not fall from the orbit, not because space is empty, but because there is a toroidal gravitational wave in orbit (toroidal gravisphere, toroidal gravitational field).

    A constant force is also acting on the Earth, it pushes forward it on orbit around the Sun by a stream of physical vacuum in a toroidal gravitational wave, with an equivalent velocity of 8 km/s (this was discovered by Michelson and Morley). Accordingly, a gravitational potential equal to the square of the equivalent velocity of 8 km/s (the first cosmic velocity of the Earth) is formed on the Earth's surface.

    For example, it was found that the Sun moves relative to the propagation medium of microwave radiation at a speed of 369 km/s. To minimize the resistance force in a rigid environment of physical vacuum, the Sun forms a huge gravisphere, several light-years in size. The force of the deceleration of the sun in the medium of the physical vacuum is determined by the Hubble parameter, as is the anomalous inhibition of the Pioneers and the red shift of the photons. The entire energy of the braking of the solar system is concentrated in the Sun according to the principle of the action of the heat pump. Through the force of deceleration of the Sun, its radiation power is easily calculated.

    Thus, one of the most fundamental parameters in the universe is the energy dissipation coefficient (Hubble parameter) in the medium of the physical vacuum, which determines all the parametric processes in the universe. The stars in the Universe are shining, due to the dissipation of photon energy in the medium of the physical vacuum.

    Only a periodic process of motion of bodies along the orbit is able to form such orbital waves (toroidal gravispheres), which completely compensate for the energy loss on the non-ideality of the medium of the physical vacuum. Moreover, stable planetary systems are only those that have a common system of interconnected parametric resonances, as the atoms. Therefore, the solar system is an analog of a stable atom and is in a strictly defined quantum state.

    You asked:

    «How do the fractal structure of matter physically come from the medium?»

    This is easy understanding to me. I'll try to explain.

    We know that pairs of Cooper electrons at low temperatures in a state of superfluidity they move in equilibrium in eddy currents without resistance in the state of superconductivity of matter. This phenomenon is analogous to the free motion of photons in the medium of a physical vacuum. Only electrons are elements of a higher level of matter and can move in equilibrium 43.6 times slower than the speed of light. And at a speed close to the speed of light, the parameters of their de Broglie waves are close to the parameters of the electron.

    The electron itself is the limiting element of matter and can not have another energy. Each wave of de Broglie forms the following de Broglie wave, close to the Compton wave. Thus, the mass of an electron and all its de Broglie waves tends to infinity. If the relativistic electrons will be to collide, we can obtain elements of a deeper level of matter, but with more energy than an electron.

    For example, we can obtain quarks whose equilibrium velocity is equal to the speed of light.

    The following example: if the elements of the electron-positron pair consisting of 137 quarks are broken, then a pair of spiral elements (photons of the quark matter level) are formed, also from 137 quarks. Quarks moved in an equilibrium state in an electron, and continue to move at the speed of light in the composition of photon spirals (pairs of nematic crystals). The pairs of spirals of photons are screwed into a rigid medium of a physical vacuum and move rectilinearly.

    At a forced speed of 43.6 times more of the speed of light, the mass of the limiting quarks tends to infinity, and they can turn into heavier preons. Preons can become Amers, etc. So in the process of collisions, limiting elements and their de Broglie waves of all levels of matter in the Universe are formed. Fundamental elements (which have a fractal structure) are formed from the de Broglie waves from multiple levels of matter, at common resonant frequencies. Those. elements of different levels of matter in one common fundamental element have one common resonant frequency of parametric resonance.

    I think that reading my Research notebook will help you understand my position.

    Deterministic gravitational waves. (Research notebook v02) Jan. 20, 2017. Gravitational waves v02.pdf https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VMlesBfYVVa-Fp6bIr1I-uzU-Vnq3FFY/view?usp=sharing

    Vladimir Fedorov

    https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/3080

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