Essay Abstract

A fundamental concept or law represents the underlying foundation on which the next level or a comprehensive physical theory is built upon and without which a coherent and consistent description of empirical observations at all scales is impossible. The widely-accepted current mainstream theories - General Relativity (GR), Quantum Field Theory (QFT), Maxwell's Theory, and Standard Big Bang Model (BBM), although vindicated by multiple worldly experiments, are known to exhibit inconsistencies and paradoxical results at universal scale pointing to possible missing fundamental physics. "What is fundamental" is exemplified in this paper via identifying a potential missing fundamental phenomenon of anti-gravity or spontaneous mass-energy conversion leading to spontaneous expansion as evidenced in the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. Relativistic formulations of this fundamental phenomenon provide a new photon dynamics model that eliminates inconsistencies in the current photon model of Maxwell's theory bridging gaps with relativity theory. The model allows a non-zero photon rest mass that spontaneously dilates to allow accelerated expansion in unrestricted space. Integrating gravity into the model provides a fundamental universe model that is shown to predict the observed universe behavior and resolves current paradoxes (black hole singularity, dark energy, dark matter, inflation). It also explains the apparent weirdness of the inner workings of quantum mechanics (quantum gravity, parallel universes, observer's paradox, and nonlocality) eliminating known inconsistencies of current theories. The model also provides testable predictions for falsification via future observations. The proposed model provides a new fundamental universal understanding of key concepts of physics and cosmology describing C as a fundamental constant rather than the speed of light.

Author Bio

Dr. Avtar Singh is the author of the book - "The Hidden Factor: An Approach for Resolving Paradoxes of Science, Cosmology and Universal Reality". He obtained his Doctor of Science and Master of Science degrees from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. He has been involved in research and development in science, engineering, and cosmology over the past 30 years. He has published more than fifty technical papers and two monographs. He received the 'Best Paper Award' of the American Nuclear Society and several technical excellence awards in nuclear, defense, and space industries.

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Dear Avtar Singh,

In your essay you discuss light hitting the semiconductor material, being absorbed and readmitted as "excitons", sometimes referred to as "heavy photons" because they carry energy, like photons, but have mass, like electrons." I will need to study the experiments you refer to, but I was fascinated by your discussion "allowing spontaneous conversion of the photon mass to kinetic energy and vice versa and this is consistent with the recent experimental observations." I find that exciting, as my theory has been pointing in that direction and I am now very encouraged to follow through with this problem.

You are introducing a new photon dynamics model that illuminates inconsistencies in the current photon model of Maxwell's theory bridging gaps with relativity theory. I have held off on my photon dynamics model, because I believed it to be a hard sell, but you are informing me that such a model is needed. Our models are different, but I will study yours to see what I might learn. Anyway, I read the rest of your essay in this light, and loved every minute of it!

It is in this regard that I hope you will read and comment upon my treatment of the history behind Einstein's "relativity of simultaneity". I have not had time to fully absorb your model, but I believe that my essay is relevant yours. I would be most interested in any comments or remarks or responses you might give me.

My very best regards,

Edwin Eugene Klingman

    Dear Edwin

    Thanks for your comments. I will read your paper soon.

    Regards

    Avtar

    Dear Dr. Avtar Singh,

    In qualifying the aim of the 'What is Fundamental?' essay contest, Dr. Brendan Foster, the FQXi.org Science Projects Consultant wrote: "We invite interesting and compelling explorations, from detailed worked examples through thoughtful rumination, of the different levels at which nature can be described, and the relations between them.

    Real Nature has never had any abstract finite levels.

    I have concluded from my deep research that Nature must have devised the only permanent real structure of the Universe obtainable for the real Universe existed for millions of years before man and his finite complex informational systems ever appeared on earth. The real physical Universe consists only of one single unified VISIBLE infinite surface occurring eternally in one single infinite dimension that am always illuminated mostly by finite non-surface light.

    Joe Fisher, ORCID ID 0000-0003-3988-8687. Unaffiliated

    Dear AVTAR SINGH,

    In qualifying the aim of the 'What is Fundamental?' essay contest, Dr. Brendan Foster, the FQXi.org Science Projects Consultant wrote: "We invite interesting and compelling explorations, from detailed worked examples through thoughtful rumination, of the different levels at which nature can be described, and the relations between them.

    Real Nature has never had any abstract finite levels.

    I have concluded from my deep research that Nature must have devised the only permanent real structure of the Universe obtainable for the real Universe existed for millions of years before man and his finite complex informational systems ever appeared on earth. The real physical Universe consists only of one single unified VISIBLE infinite surface occurring eternally in one single infinite dimension that am always illuminated mostly by finite non-surface light.

    Joe Fisher, ORCID ID 0000-0003-3988-8687. Unaffiliated

    Extremely important contribution, concerning the nature of light and the origin of hidden factors.

    Dear Avtar Singh, I will also argue that the law of gravity created the one who first said that the speed of light is finite and constant in all inertial frames of reference. After all, to slow down the movement of the space, there must be forces inimical to it. In addition to the speed of light as the eternal entity, the space still characterizes Planck's constant, which indicates that the space revolves. These two eternal entities form a third eternal essence - the pressure of the Universe.

    Take a look at my essay, where I showed examples confirming the effectiveness of the idea of identity of space and matter of Descartes.

    Sincerely, Dizhechko Boris Semyonovich

    9 days later

    Dr AVTAR SINGH Sab

    Wonderful thinking about the new model, You took "C" the Speed of Light as fundamental... Large amount of Hard work sab...Best wishes for your essay Dr AVTAR SINGH sab............. .... I highly appreciate your essay and hope you may please spend some of the valuable time on Dynamic Universe Model also and give your some of the valuable & esteemed guidance

    Some of the Main foundational points of Dynamic Universe Model :

    -No Isotropy

    -No Homogeneity

    -No Space-time continuum

    -Non-uniform density of matter, universe is lumpy

    -No singularities

    -No collisions between bodies

    -No blackholes

    -No warm holes

    -No Bigbang

    -No repulsion between distant Galaxies

    -Non-empty Universe

    -No imaginary or negative time axis

    -No imaginary X, Y, Z axes

    -No differential and Integral Equations mathematically

    -No General Relativity and Model does not reduce to GR on any condition

    -No Creation of matter like Bigbang or steady-state models

    -No many mini Bigbangs

    -No Missing Mass / Dark matter

    -No Dark energy

    -No Bigbang generated CMB detected

    -No Multi-verses

    Here:

    -Accelerating Expanding universe with 33% Blue shifted Galaxies

    -Newton's Gravitation law works everywhere in the same way

    -All bodies dynamically moving

    -All bodies move in dynamic Equilibrium

    -Closed universe model no light or bodies will go away from universe

    -Single Universe no baby universes

    -Time is linear as observed on earth, moving forward only

    -Independent x,y,z coordinate axes and Time axis no interdependencies between axes..

    -UGF (Universal Gravitational Force) calculated on every point-mass

    -Tensors (Linear) used for giving UNIQUE solutions for each time step

    -Uses everyday physics as achievable by engineering

    -21000 linear equations are used in an Excel sheet

    -Computerized calculations uses 16 decimal digit accuracy

    -Data mining and data warehousing techniques are used for data extraction from large amounts of data.

    - Many predictions of Dynamic Universe Model came true....Have a look at

    http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_15.html

    I request you to please have a look at my essay also, and give some of your esteemed criticism for your information........

    Dynamic Universe Model says that the energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation passing grazingly near any gravitating mass changes its in frequency and finally will convert into neutrinos (mass). We all know that there is no experiment or quest in this direction. Energy conversion happens from mass to energy with the famous E=mC2, the other side of this conversion was not thought off. This is a new fundamental prediction by Dynamic Universe Model, a foundational quest in the area of Astrophysics and Cosmology.

    In accordance with Dynamic Universe Model frequency shift happens on both the sides of spectrum when any electromagnetic radiation passes grazingly near gravitating mass. With this new verification, we will open a new frontier that will unlock a way for formation of the basis for continual Nucleosynthesis (continuous formation of elements) in our Universe. Amount of frequency shift will depend on relative velocity difference. All the papers of author can be downloaded from "http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/ "

    I request you to please post your reply in my essay also, so that I can get an intimation that you replied

    Best

    =snp

    Dear Gupta Ji

    Thanks for your kind comments.

    Regards

    Avtar

    Dear Fellow Essayists

    This will be my final plea for fair treatment.,

    FQXI is clearly seeking to find out if there is a fundamental REALITY.

    Reliable evidence exists that proves that the surface of the earth was formed millions of years before man and his utterly complex finite informational systems ever appeared on that surface. It logically follows that Nature must have permanently devised the only single physical construct of earth allowable.

    All objects, be they solid, liquid, or vaporous have always had a visible surface. This is because the real Universe must consist only of one single unified VISIBLE infinite surface occurring eternally in one single infinite dimension that am always illuminated mostly by finite non-surface light.

    Only the truth can set you free.

    Joe Fisher, Realist

    Dear Singh,

    Well written essay. I appreciate the large amount of work you have shown in the essay. You reflect on relativistic and rest mass for C. Though some of the content were out of my qualification, I almost followed every part clearly and as far as I could understand.

    Meanwhile, I wanted to ask a question on General Relativity since you are an expert in the field.(this question is not related to your essay).

    I know that photon is also affected by the gravitational field. But how much force or gravity does it produce by itself? I mean like earth have some gravitational force of its own, how much photons have? Is there any calculation done to deduce the exact answer?

    I invite you to read my essay: Is Mathematics Fundamental?

    Kind Regards

    Ajay Pokharel

      Dear Dr. Singh,

      I very much enjoyed reading your essay. Your grasp of the topic is impressive and your essay is the most intelligent one I have read so far.

      You pose a very good question "How a photon emitted from a stationary (V=0) surface spontaneously accelerates to the speed of light as it travels thru empty space?" And I completely agree with your assertion, that the speed of light "represents a universal fundamental constant of

      conservation of mass-energy". In fact, I made the exact same assertion in my essay "A Simple Model For Integrating Quantum And Relativistic Physics with application to the evolution of consciousness". My reasoning is a bit different though. I proposed a simple relational model (The Space-Time-Motion or STM model) that shows motion as a fundamental process, with space (S) and time (T) as being nothing more than measurable quantities that provide scales that allow us to develop relationships. As such S=Tc^2 is exactly the same relation as E=mc^2 and in both cases, c is simply the factor that relates the units of measurement.

      I've taken a sort of inside-out perspective, from which I reason that the speed of light is constant because it is literally the fundamental constant - the only thing that is not moving. Everything physical in the universe is moving relative to something else. But the speed of light is not relative to its source, which makes no sense if light were actually moving. Do we actually measure the speed of light... or would it be more correct to say that we measure the speed at which darkness recedes? Isn't that what happens when we expand our awareness through measurement, and bring information into our consciousness?

      I would greatly appreciate if you would read my essay and let me know where I went wrong (or how I might better explain it). I think I have stumbled onto something important and though I'd like to go enjoy my retirement, I feel it gnawing at me to get it right and publish it.

      Thank you,

      Ted

        Dr. Singh,

        I would like to contact you regarding your book, The Hidden Factor but couldn't find contact information on Amazon.com. Can you please email me at stjohntheodore@gmail.com.

        Thank you

        Ted