Essay Abstract

It is argued that the fundamental description of the Universe must be the Universe itself, understood as an entangled quantum object. This seemingly tautological statement is explained in detail, and some related ideas inspired by this view which could guide the future quest for a Theory of Everything are sketched briefly.

Author Bio

Heinrich Päs is a Professor of Theoretical Physics at Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany. He works on neutrinos and particle physics beyond the Standard Model. Beyond that, he is interested in the nature of space, time and reality. Accomplishments: Scientific American cover feature,Physical Review D Editorial Board, pop-science book "The Perfect Wave".

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Having read your essay where you refer to the universe as an entangled object, what do you make of how fundamental say Quantum Entanglement is ?

Thanks for bringing this educated view point to the forum!

Andrew

P.S. I am inviting you to view, and comment on my essay put up in December 21st

Thanks again for your insights!!!

    I mean quantum entanglement as in the sense of the EPR experiment !!

    Just put this in for clarification

    Dear Heinrich Pas,

    An enjoyable essay. You note that the truly unique factor of our language is "its ability to transmit information about things that do not exist at all... Thus "any large-scale human cooperation - whether a modern state, a media evil church, and ancient city, or an archaic tribe - is rooted in common myths that exist only in people's collective imagination."

    But, as you say, "not all realities are equally fundamental."

    You note that in the space-time concept of relativity observers moving with different speeds will measure different times in space, while the space-time distance ds is not directly observable. My essay reviews the history of relativity in a way that I hope you find interesting. I would appreciate any comments.

    With regard to "information about things that do not exist at all", you note, for example, Heisenberg's creation of isospin to 'describe' proton and neutron. If one grants that protons and neutrons are in some fundamental sense 'real', this represents one of the first (of many) instances in which a mathematical projection is used to replace reality. It isn't even a particularly clean projection, as isospin symmetry assumes equal mass, and even this is not true. This projection-based approach continues to SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) with the same problem. SU(3) assumes 'equal mass' but it is applied to problems where masses differ by two orders of magnitude.

    Thus 'symmetry' (a.k.a. group theory) offers a powerful tool, but I believe ALL actual instances of 'symmetry' are approximate. In this way Heisenberg's projected Q-bit evolved to Bell's projected Q-bit which is the basis of "entanglement", which you seem to consider fundamental.

    However I do agree that information is immaterial and relies on a material carrier and depends on the perspective of the observer. That is, only energy travels through space. If that energy crosses a threshold and changes a system's configuration, the system becomes "in"-formed and the informed structure represents the record of 'information', assuming a codebook or perspective is able to interpret it.

    Thank you for a very well-written, interesting perspective on 'what is fundamental?'. I hope you find my essay interesting.

    My best regards,

    Edwin Eugene Klingman

      Dear Heinrich P.

      "Fundamental Reality = Universe without Perspective?" HP. The universe without perspective I suppose is a pre-linguistic universe, that is, the universe as it Really, Objectively and in-and-of-itself is. But that means that nothing whatsoever can be said about the Objective universe, which in turn means that it doesn't exist or, rather, that it is nothing (or everything if you prefer). My question then: Who would be the bearer of the truth of a universe without perspective? Isn't Objectivity self-defeating or at least the mere dressing in tales of shut-up-and-calculate 'truths'?

      Heinrich L.

        Dear Professor Heinrich Päs,

        FQXI is clearly seeking to find out if there is a fundamental REALITY.

        Reliable evidence exists that proves that the surface of the earth was formed millions of years before man and his utterly complex finite informational systems ever appeared on that surface. It logically follows that Nature must have permanently devised the only single physical construct of earth allowable.

        All objects, be they solid, liquid, or vaporous have always had a visible surface. This is because the real Universe must consist only of one single unified VISIBLE infinite surface occurring eternally in one single infinite dimension that am always illuminated mostly by finite non-surface light.

        Only the truth can set you free.

        Joe Fisher, Realist

        Dear Andrew,

        thanks for your comment. I would say fundamental is the Quantum Universe itself, entanglement is aan attribute we are assigning to it - but only since we are looking at subsystems which only exist in our restricted local perspective anyway.

        Best regards, Heinrich

        Dear Edwin Eugene,

        thanks for reading my essay and for your nice comments.

        You are right that isospin is a broken symmetry. However the weak isospin of the Standard Model gauge group is only broken spontaneously - by fiat of the Higgs mechanism. Moreover, color SU(3) of the Standard Model gauge group is not broken at all by quark masses as it rotates in color and not in flavor space.

        Anyway, it might be that all symmetries are broken at a fundamental level, that is one of the possibilities I'm also mentioning in my paper. But I believe it could also be possible that fundamental reality is perfectly symmetric and essentially featureless and that structure arises only by looking only at a subset of the fundamental degrees of freedoms. Finally, while I believe that we have some ideas in common, I would argue the fundamental reality can not be energy travelling through space, since of course according to general relativity space and time are dynamic concepts themselves, they also carry energy and thus have to be included in the fundamental concept.

        Anyway, I will check out your essay!

        Thanks! Heinrich

        Dear Austin,

        thank you very much! I will check out your essay as well!

        Best regards, Heinrich

        Dear Heinrich L. -

        that's nice, I rarely meet people sharing my name! Thanks for your comments!

        >The universe without perspective, that is, the universe as it Really, Objectively and in-and-of-itself is.

        Yes, I agree

        >But that means that nothing whatsoever can be said about the Objective universe, which in turn means

        > that it doesn't exist or, rather, that it is nothing (or everything if you prefer).

        I don't think so. Even if local observers such as ourselves can not experience the full objective reality we can construct models for it, and if we can derive what we experience by folding our perspective into such a model for the directly unobservable fundamental Universe this model isn't so bad.

        But after all this applies to any quantum state, that it is not directly observable.

        > My question then: Who would be the bearer of the truth of a universe without perspective? Isn't

        > Objectivity self-defeating or at least the mere dressing in tales of shut-up-and-calculate 'truths'?

        I'm not sure whether we will ever have a perfect model for the fundamental reality, but maybe we can approach it, or at least construct models which exhibit some of its properties. I believe at least the last is correct, as our models are amazingly successful.

        I will check out your essay. Thanks!

        Heinrich P.

        Your paper was interesting to read. The idea of reality as the world plus perspective or what we might call an observation from a frame is to carry the idea of frame and gauge freedom/independence to matters such as quantum interpretations.

        That information needs a material conveyance would seem to imply the Higgs mechanism is necessary for information mechanics to make sense. In a massless world all particles move on null geodesics. They can still contain information, just as a photon can carry information. If these particles interact with each other according to the roots of a Lie algebra that raise and lower states this is a process whereby qubits are transferred. If we let the Higgs field interact, such as the Goldstone bosons absorbed by W^{+/-} and Z these particles convert the degree of freedom of the scalar bosons into an m = 0 spin state or equivalently a longitudinal mode. This restriction on symmetry provides information with more of a conveyance, which is matter.

        LC

        Dear Heinrich,

        thank you, yours is really an interesting essay, very enjoyable, I wish you all the best with the contest. I think that:

        >Reality = Universe Perspective and that Fundamental Reality = Universe without Perspective

        is a very good point, and I agree that it is close to the philosophies that you quoted in the end of the paper. It's close also to Nagarjuna and to the absolute relativism which I propose in my essay. "Fundamental Reality = Universe without Perspective" sounds like the idea that many mystic thinkers pointed out, even if in an unscientific frame.

        You write also that

        > On the one hand information itself is immaterial - people have been killed by rocks but nobody ever has been killed by a Beethoven symphony

        ...not if people are information as well ;)

        All the best, Francesco D'Isa

        Dear Heinrich,

        I enjoyed reading your essay! You made an excellent case for decoherence and many worlds/many minds, and how they endorse your proposal that the universe as a whole is what is fundamental. This provides a fresh perspective on unification. Other ideas that I found remarkable in your essay are the comparison between social construct and biological organisms (I think that this can be extended in some measure also to the emergent classical world); the interplay between the higher and lower levels (a theme that I discussed in my previous essay, from a different perspective); the characterization of the degree of how fundamental is a reality by the observer-independence; and especially this remark "the fundamental Universe is a single entity which only looks like many things as perceived through the lens of decoherence". Maybe the fundamental Universe is simply a quantum state with zero information, the most "spherical" density matrix, yet myriads of worlds of immense complexity exist inside it, the only evidence for their existence being their own testimony to themselves. Since we still have the problem of experimentally proving the MWI (to complement its explanatory power), mainly because the worlds are isolated and unobservable from the outside, I am wondering how this can be done. I remember from our discussion in Castiglioncello that you mentioned your proposal to test MWI. I think it's a great idea which deserves more attention, and it is perfect for this. BTW, here's a short story that I hoped you'll enjoy at your leisure. Congratulations for your essay, and success!

        Best regards,

        Cristi Stoica, Indra's net

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          Dear Professor Heinrich Päs, your essay is full of thoughts that can influence the New Cartesian physics claiming to be the theory of everything. In the foundation of this physics lies the fundamental identity of space and matter of Descartes. Space is matter, and matter is space. And now I use your words and say: space is a source of information and its guide. You may be interested in my essay, in which, among other things, I showed the connection between the Lorentz factor and the probability density of quantum states.

          Sincerely, Dizhechko Boris Semyonovich.

          Dear Prof. Päs,

          thank you for sharing this interesting and well written essay.

          Your work seems to suggest, however, that decoherence is the best way to get rid of all the fundamental problems of quantum mechanics, and this is based on Occam's razor. I think that this is a bit simplistic, and it does not really reflect the present situation of the still heated debate on foundations of quantum physics.

          I really liked your discussion on emergence and reductionsm, though (you find in my essay similar thoughts).

          All good wishes,

          FLavio Del Santoa

            Dear Flavio,

            thanks for your comments. Regarding your criticisms I'm somewhat disappointed that you are not very specific, so I can't really say much unless I know in which sense the ideas I'm discussing do appear as "simplistic" and "not reflecting the debate on quantum foundations". While it might be that some practitioners working on quantum information do not fully appreciate the importance of decoherence yet, for example in quantum cosmology it is quite common to adopt a fundamental role of decoherence in quantum foundations, you may for example check out recent works by Kiefer, Zeh, Susskind, Bousso, Tegmark, Carroll and many others.

            Regarding emergence and reductionism, I believe we actually have quite different opinions, as you seem to reject reductionism while I would plead for a reinterpretation of naive reductionism in terms of information theory. Also I clearly reject strong emergence while I'm not so sure about your stance.

            Anyway, I will check out your essay.

            Best regards, Heinrich

            Dear Christi,

            good to hear from you and thanks a lot for your kind feedback.

            I have read your short story about the "quantum god" - very nice, indeed.

            We need definitely get together again soon and discuss more about this stuff.

            I will check out your essay next!

            Heinrich

            I keep hoping to read new notions, new terminology, in the various essays.

            This is a well written piece, names all the traditional research and interpretations, but I don't see any new ground covered. Appreciate the effort, none the less.

            Hello Heinrich,

            A well-written essay.I have rated a good score because of your logic. You think that quantum universe is fundamental through entanglement and that's a good belief as you have presented logic in your essay.

            I was confused in a part where you quote: Reality=Universe perception.

            Here, do you mean that reality is what we view or what we believe? What I believe is reality is what we deduce from mathematics and pattern as discussed in my essay.

            I wish you good luck in the competition.

            Kind Regards

            Ajay Pokharel