• [deleted]

Dear Author,

Your simple view about the reality of Time and the description of all the known processes to be dealt with using Time-dependent Quantum physics treating the Universe to exist in a unique quantum state, appears to signify that only quantum physics can lead us to the reality. The scientific facts about the Universe known do not conform to such a simplification. What about the birth of the Universe via Big Bang and what existed before, is an enigma still. We all know that there is awareness of the humans that crosses beyond the body senses and scientific instruments. A term 'consciousness' has been admitted as a non-physical entity that covers all the different levels of human awareness. Even famous neurologists have seen the neurons in the Supplementary Motor Area of the brain to become active when no activity was expected from within the body senses. A non-physical covering is considered to surround the SMA, to understand the neuron activity due to external interactions that leave an impression in this covering permanently even after the death of the human concerned. Thus, it appears that the universe and things therein, including the humans need to concern themselves with such an entity 'consciousness' and the same is not open to model on current scientific knowledge.

In my own essay, i have mentioned some aspects that indicate non-constancy of the Physical constants and also possibility of force-field strengths variation with time, in order to understand the Universe from its birth itself. Currently, the tendency to project the Physics evolved in past few hundred years to explain all the observed facts seen about the universe evolution( WMAP data)appears to be insufficient!

  • [deleted]

I am curious of your opinion about some other weird speculations by Carlos Rodriguez on the "nature" of (space)time and reality: Are We Cruising a Hypothesis Space?

  • [deleted]

so is he a Boltzmann Brain?

I don't quite see why "we" shouldn't be the fluke among flukes - given infinite time there will be infinite Brains.

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Sean, I'm a little confused by how the duality argument bears on the frozen-time problem. In what sense is time really part of the quantum description in the bulk? How do we know that the time parameter in the bulk is not just the time parameter on the boundary? That is to say, do the dynamics truly generate a internal notion of time or are we still just presuming time from the outset?

Does assuming the validity of the Schrödinger equation beg the question (of eternal time)?

George

P.S. The analogy of two straight lines, with a point of closest approach, is very elegant.

George, it's probably not a good idea to think in terms of "bulk" and "boundary" here. I'm not proposing some specific duality between the complicated real-world spacetime and a dual theory; I'm just using the successful examples of duality to motivate the idea that there exists some description of the universe that takes the form of an ordinary time-dependent quantum system. As Moshe points out, there is an additional assumption that "time" in our universe is at least somewhat related (although it might only be approximate) to the time parameter in the quantum-mechanical theory.

The assumption is that the Schrodinger equation is right, but that certainly implies that time goes forever.

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I want to thank you for writing a straightforward essay despite having impressive credentials. I have found a correlation, the more impressive the credentials the harder and more intelligent sounding the author made their essay. The less impressive the credentials the more references there are to energy being anything except a conserved number. I'm going to give you one of my restricted votes since you have written a clear and straightforward essay. I agree with you that time does exist; however, I believe your approach can be made more rigorous. I know you have an idea that is probably right but I want your mathematics to lead to deeper insight and not frustration.

When discussing real time try to avoid equations with imaginary numbers. A Hilbert space by definition is an infinite dimensional space. In quantum mechanics a finite number of the terms have non-zero coefficients. It may seem like splitting hairs but it is an important distinction. A Hilbert space is also a mathematical fantasy that helps with calculations it is not physically identical to the universe. Explaining time by only focusing on the time evolution of the wavefunction without including collapse is not possible. Entropy can only be measured after the wavefunction collapses. In equation 5 obtaining an infinite TAUab is only possibly if 2pi is divided by zero. Lastly, infinite eigenvalues with the same E means infinite degeneracy for everything in the universe.

Having written that I do know that you are smarter than me and an FQXI member. This is why I have been hesitant to comment on your essay and other members. I only ask that you please avoid wrath in your reply because we are on the same side.

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Dear Sean Carroll,

i am requesting you to see my post of yesterday, Nov., 26. Of course it is certainly your choice to ignore response to the same.

  • [deleted]

Dear Sean,

I salute your well written essay defending the reality of time.

I have two questions about the infinite dimensionality of the Hilbert space, which you consider to be required for conciliating the idea of a Universe undergoing unitary evolution with the observed level on entropy.

1) Let us consider a Universe with a finite number of particles at a given time. If a particle evolves influenced only by its interaction with a finite number of particles (all others), wouldn't it stay within a finite dimensional Hilbert subspace of the (possible infinite dimensional) particle's Hilbert space? Therefore, if the system starts with a finite number of interacting particles, the total Hilbert space, as a tensor product of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, should be finite dimensional.

2) Since the time period increases exponentially with the dimension of the Hilbert space, which, in turn, increases exponentially with the number of particles, isn't it possible that even a finite dimensional Hilbert space be enough?

In this case, the Universe will have a finite period, although very long.

Best wishes,

Cristi Stoica

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How can you talk about the Heraclitean time (footnote 4), and not address the issue of 'elementary timelike displacement', as created (?) by the so-called dark energy? Five years ago, in your astro-ph/0310342, you were musing on "a problem, a puzzle, and a scandal." Regarding the latter, may I suggest to check out some well known, since 1918, facts here.

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Dear Sean,

it seems that you ignore the discussion about the intrinsic unobservability of the quantity time, and how do clock work.

The point is exacly to recognize that there is no real time meters, because the definition is self-recursive, and to find a way to break such recursivity, or to show how you can do without time. Starting with the assumption that time exists and hoping that further consistency works reminds to the description of the solar system with the epicycles: it works very well but it assumes very wrong principles...

John

Cristi-- Even if it were possible to describe a system with a finite number of particles using a finite-dimensional subspace of an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, that doesn't necessarily mean that the subspace would be spanned by a finite number of *energy eigenstates*. If it were, then the evolution would be identical to that of a finite-dimensional Hilbert space.

And an exponentially large number is still not good enough -- compared to infinity, even a large number is still small.

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Dear Sean,

You are definitely right, if we represent the states in terms of energy eigenstates, there is a probability of 0.(9) to need an infinite dimensional eigenbasis.

Cristi Stoica

"Flowing with a Frozen River",

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/322

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Dear Sean,

Very clear essay. My concerns are addressed to you and all other wave function (Hilbert space) fundamentalists. I know you want to table this question for the most part and explore a toy QM model but one can't resist asking: whence spacetime? Starting with infinitely dimensional Hilbert space, how are you going to derive spacetime (GR, Lorentz invariance, etc.). Furthermore, how are you going to explain the illusion that we live in a 3D world? My understanding is that those background independent models of QG that do "recover" spacetime either assume a global notion of time or causality (the light-cone structure). In either case, why isn't this cheating? And of course in order for your Heraclitean view to prevail, background independence is essential otherwise you just have a "quantum-block" world of the sort defended by Saunders and other Oxford-Everettians who are likewise wave function fundamentalists. So obviously, the Everett move alone doesn't entail the fundamentality of time and change, on the contrary, the most sophisticated Everettians (on this branch anyway) are block-worlders.

I get that somehow duality and de Sitter space are part of your answer here, but I don't fully follow the logic, how exactly do these two answer my questions? I look forward to your reply.

Cheers,

Michael

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An elegant argument that infinite time requires an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. This really brings home the difference between "infinite" and "arbitrarily large".

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Hello Sean,

I was hoping for a bit of a dialogue, but too, the lack of dialogue will be useful to historians of science in understanding and characetrizing why our era has seen no progress in theoretical physics, despite unprecedented funding and resources.

Never before have so many been paid so much to advance physics so little. Indeed, future historians will see that overfunding tends to lead to sociological constructs that exalt consesus building rooted not in logic, reason, and physics--not in foundational questions; but in fashion and politics which obscure the foundational spirits, papers, and questions.

So it is that the Anthropic Principle and tiny, little vibrating strings are exalted over *physical* contemplations and questions, *physical* principles, and *physical* models such as MDT: the fourth dimension is expanidng relative to three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt=ic. For the first time in the history of relativity, change is woven into the fundamental fabric of spacetime; and a deeper physical invariant is shown to underly relativity and quatum entanglement and nonlocality, in addition to time and all its arrows and assymetries, and entropy, as well as Huygens' and Heisenbergs' principles.

In many ways Galileo had it easy, because at least the Inquisition in his day wasn't posing as physicists interested in science.

And Max Planck had it easy too, as he noted, "A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it."

But in Plancks' time, the opponents were generally a generation of successful scientists who had risen to the pinnacles of their profession via science--not by politics. So today's non-opponents of MDT are anti-theorists bolstered by state-funded crackpot indexes and anthropic principle politics--"we have tenure/funding because we are smarter than you because if we weren't smarter than you, we wouldn't have tenure/funding. Ergo we are smarter than you," is what they announce at their lavish conferences, reformulating the anthropic principle to fit the latest "flavor of the week" of their unchanging anti-theory regimes, which have frozen physics in a block universe.

Max Born wrote, "All great discoveries in experimental physics have been made due to the intuition of men who made free use of models which for them were not products of the imagination but representations of real things."

And yet, today, the quantum gravity regimes have rejected simple physical models along with the belief that the math ought represent *real* things. And now, they are even willing to forget time, space, reason, words, dialogue, physics, and physicists--to keep their perpetual motion funding apparati moving--even as time remains frozen. And thus, despite hundreds of millions in funding, there is no quantum gravity. There is no graviton, nor any consistent theory of quantum gravity. Instead, there are literally an infinite number of string theories, and a fair amount of loop-quantum theories, none of which quantize gravity in any finite, consistent way; let alone in any way that makes predictions that can be tested. There is no proof whatsover for tiny, vibrating strings, nor atoms of space and time, nor twistors, nor tiny little loops, nor multiverses, nor hyperspace, nor parallel universes, nor bouncing universes--all of which grace the cover of Scientific American as sycophant students are trained to call true physicists seeking *physical* models and *physical* truths crackpots. And the Greats themselves--Nobel Laureates--both living and dead, have spoken out against such pseudo-science and snarky mathematical handwaving, which has become a religion that has replaced physics, thusly bringing progress to a halt.

"Books on physics are full of complicated mathematical formulae. But thought and ideas, not formulae, are the beginning of every physical theory." --Einstein/Infeld, The Evolution of Physics

Instead of classical, rugged physics on the higher plain of physical reality, we get communal, political efforts which end up opposing progress in physics, as they oppose the individual heroic spirit by which all higher physical truths are ultimately apprehended.

Science is more of an art than a science, and it always seems to advance in manners never before anticipated by the establishment, as Planck stated. One cannot legislate, nor vote on, nor dictate the advancement of science by fiat. Do not take my word for it.

"One cannot pray a lie," as Mark Twain once said.

"New scientific ideas never spring from a communal body, however organized, but rather from the head of an individually inspired researcher who struggles with his problems in lonely thought and unites all his thought on one single point which is his whole world for the moment." --Max Planck

And again we see the primacy of the honest individual in the classic, epic hero's journey!

"A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man." --Joseph Campbell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomyth

And the Nobel Laureate eocnomist F.A. Hayek agrees!

"The tragedy of collectivist thought is that, while it starts out to make reason supreme, it ends by destroying reason because it misconceives the process on which the growth of reason depends. It may indeed be said that it is the paradox of all collectivist doctrine and its demands for "conscious" control or "conscious" planning that they necessarily lead to the demand that the mind of some individual should rule supreme--while only the individualist approach to social phenomena makes us recognize the superindividual forces which guide the growth of reason. Individualism is thus an attitude of humility before this social process and of tolerance to other opinions and is the exact opposite of that intellectual hubris which is at the root of the demand for comprehensive direction of social purpose." -F.A. Hayek, The End of Truth, The Road to Serfdom

Along comes a scientist who agrees with the philosophy of Einstein and Max Born and Planck. Along comes a physicist who agrees with Wheeler, and Feynman, and Glasgow, and Godel, and Bohr, and Gamow--wishing that he could watch old Westerns with Bohr and Gamow. Along comes a scientist who agrees with Nobel Laureate Robert Laughlin and Nobel Laureate F.A. Hayek, with Newton and Dirac, with Heisenberg and Minkowski, with the great mythologist Joseph Campbell. Along comes a scientist with simple theory that has a simple postulate and equation from which all of relativity may be derived; from which entropy naturally arises, and which accounts for time and all its arrows and assymetries across all realms, while also providing a *physical* model for entanglement and nonlocality, as well as a *physical* model for Huygens' principle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Not only does the multi-billion-dollar physics establishment ignore it, but they have so much funding, that they can hire grad students and profesors to snark the theory, so as to defend their perptual-motion NSF money machines and religions of wormholes, time warps, quantum gravity, multiverses, tiny, vibrating strings, and geometric mysticism/PR/hype, which Moving Dimensions Theory has no need for, as it concerns itself with physics and physical reality--with logic, reason, and simple postulates and equations that represent a hitherto unsung universal invariant--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c.

What we have here is a modern-day Inquistion, except that it is even more dangerous, as at least Galileo's Inquistion weren't claiming sience's throne.

Check out:

http://www.jklarsen.com/myblog/index.php?blog=6&title=confession_of_galileo_galilei&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1

Where it is reported: "In 1633, physicist Galileo Galilei was brought before the Roman Inquisition. Tried on "vehement suspicion of heresy," Galileo was forced to swear that he "abjured, cursed and detested" the errors of his work, which extended the findings of the Polish astronomer Nicholaus Copernicus that the Earth Moves."

Now I have postulated that the fourth dimension expands relative to the three spatial dimensions, and not one person in the entire quantum gravity regime has ever, ever, taken the time to comment on my theory. It's not like MDT is a secret, so their silence puzzles the will.

It would be one thing if quantum gravity/string theory were smashing successes--then, naturally, Rovelli/Carol et al. would all be busy partying like rock stars and flying to conferences and awards ceremonies in Aspen and Hawaii. But with the utter failure of the anti-theory regimes, for decade after decade, surely they ought have a few moments to assess the great and natural success of the brand new directions proposed by MDT.

"Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." --Albert Einstein

But I realize, that with tenure and titles to worry about in thier aging anti-tehory regimes; perhaps before commenting on MDT, they are all waiting for a confession, so as to make the theory "safe" for discussion in polite circles. I even thought of emailing Ed Witten and asking him to come out with a press release in which he states that the M in M-Theory stands for Moving Dimensions.

Well, here is my confession, based on Galileo's, which can be enjoyed here:

http://www.jklarsen.com/myblog/index.php?blog=6&title=confession_of_galileo_galilei&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1

I, Dr. E, son of the late Vincenzio Galilei of Florence, aged 70 years, tried personally by this court, and kneeling before You, the most Eminent Antitheorists and Reverend Lord Cardinals of M-Theory Multiverses, Inquisitors-General throughout the Quantum Gravity Republic against heretical depravity, having before my eyes the Most Holy Gospels of an Elegant Universe, Not Even Wrong, and The Trouble With Physics, and laying on them my own hands; I swear that I have always believed, I believe now, and with Ed Witten's help I will in future believe all which the Holy Quantum Gravity and M-Theory Church doth hold, preach, teach, and hype to the press, including E-8 and next year's E-9 anti-theory.

But since I, after having been admonished by this Holy Office entirely to abandon the false opinion that the fourth dimension expands relative to the three spatial dimensions, and that quantum mechanics' entanglement, nonlocality, entropy, relativity itself, time and all its arrows and assymetries across all realms, the gravitational slowing of clocks and time, Huygens' Principle, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, probability, and all the dualities (space-time, wave-particle, mass-energy) derive from this simple principle of MDT and its equation dx4/dt=ic, and that I was neither to hold, defend, nor teach in any manner whatever, either orally or in writing, the said false doctrine; and after having received a notification that the said doctrine is contrary to the Holy Writ of Hyperspace, I did write and cause to be printed a blog and forum in which I treat of the said already condemned MDT doctrine, and bring forward arguments of much efficacy in its favour, without arriving at any solution: I have been judged vehemently suspected of heresy, that is, of having held and believed that the fourth dimension's expansion is the universe's fundamental invariant and teh cause of all time and motion, and that the block universe does not exist and time is not the fourth dimension, but that time is a parameter that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c, that change is and ought be woven into the fundamental fabric of spacetime with dx4/dt=ic, and that the fourth dimension, like the earth, does move.

Nevertheless, wishing to remove from the minds of your Tenured Eminences and all faithful LQGers and String Theorists this vehement suspicion reasonably conceived against me, I abjure with sincere heart and unfeigned faith, I curse and detest the said errors and heresies, and generally all and every error and sect contrary to the Holy Quantum Gravity Regimes, and I am ready to foregt time, forget space, and forget physical reality, while embracing multiverses and tiny, vibrating stirngs. And I swear that for the future I will neither say nor assert in speaking or writing such things as may bring upon me similar suspicion; and if I know any heretic who speaks out against tiny, vibrating branes, anti-theories, or atoms of space and time, or one suspected of heresy, I will denounce him to this Holy Office of Time Travel, or to the Inquisitor of Wormholes and Ordinary of the place in which I may be, which will of course be in the block universe, which MDT falsely liberated us from, while falsely grangting us free will and free thought, as it falsely unfroze time. I hereby remit all future free will, as I return to the block universe with the hopes of receiving the funding that is a part of my pre-Ordained future, as a member of the Quantum Gravity Church in this mulitverse--this subset of the landscape--that the Gods of the Anthropic Principle granted us, while declaring that we should receive infinite funding for our fortitude in service to teh Lords of the Landscape.

I also swear and promise to adopt and observe entirely all the penances which have been or may be by this Holy Office of Loops imposed on me. And if I contravene any of these said promises, protests, or oaths, (which Ed Witten forbid!) I submit myself to all the pains and penalties which by the Sacred Canons of String Theory and other Decrees of D-branes general and particular are against such offenders imposed and promulgated. So help me God and the Holy Warped Passages/The Trouble With Physics/10^99 indecipherable arxiv.org papers--which I touch with my own hands.

I, Dr. E, aforesaid have abjured, sworn, and promised, and hold myself bound as above; and in token of the truth, with my own hand have subscribed the present schedule of my abjuration, and have recited it word by word. In America, at the Convent della M-Theory, this 8th day of December, 2008, in this parallel universe.

I, Dr. E, have abjured as above, with my own hand."

And as I'm walking away to serve out my house arrest and exile form the academy after this confession, I turn to the crowd that had gathered to hear me read it and smile.

And I say, "And yet it--the fourth dimension--moves! Eppur si muove!"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_pur_si_muove

Best,

Dr. E (The Real McCoy)

  • [deleted]

Sean, I fully agree with your conclusion of time evolution in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space and the relation to quantum mechanical unitarity.

I want to suggest an alternative, however, to your statement:

"Think of two particles moving on straight lines in an otherwise empty three-dimensional space. No matter how we choose the lines, there will always be some point of closest

approach, while the distance between the particles will grow without bound sufficiently far in the future and

the past."

I think that the distance between the two points is bounded in the past by a 1-dimension information channel, and grows without bound in the future. I realized this in replying to another entrant, Ryan Westafer:

"Suppose one draws a squiggly vertical line to represent a singularity. Curved lines drawn over the top and bottom of the singularity form a convex-lens shape (gravitational lensing). Label the area left of the singularity, "present," and the area to the right of the singularity, "past." If the past is assigned a negative value and the present a positive value, the singularity would be the zero-valued future. The past area is empty; information from the past is channeled along the 1-dimensional edges of the "lens;" the present area is filled with events. An observer from the present cannot look back into the past without staring into the future of the black hole event horizon. Connecting with my own theory:

Because we live in a 10 dimension event space, which as I calculated and explained is identical to the 4-dimension horizon, our only access to the past is in the one-dimensional time parameter. The asymptotic lines trailing to the right where the "lens" closes (but not quite) is the d >= 11, n-dimension Hilbert space. The "emptiness" of the past space is handled analytically in my mathematical model by calculation in the complex plane for reasons that I think should be obvious--the 2-dimensionality of the information channel (the surface of the lens' edge) is a negatively valued space, and the ratio of two negative complex numbers is real and positive."

The reference is to my essay, "Time counts." Note that I agree with Maldacena holography, as you mention, that finds equivalence between a complete theory of quantum gravity in 10 dimensions and quantum field theory in 4 dimensions. I construct from first principles the identity between the 4 dimension horizon and the 10 dimension boundary.

All best,

Tom

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Sean:

To quote from your essay (p. 9), you take "a very reasonable, if far from unimpeachable, set of assumptions -- a quantum state evolving in time according to the conventional Schrodinger equation with a time-independent Hamiltonian", and set your goal (p. 4) as "it is worth our effort to pursue their ramifications and see where we end up."

I have a simple suggestion. Five years ago, in your arXiv:astro-ph/0310342v2, you were musing on the "smooth tension" of the "dark energy", and acknowledged "a problem, a puzzle, and a scandal".

To clarify what kind of "time" may be implied in the set of assumptions in your recent essay, try to embed the "smooth tension" into some Cauchy surface, as explained in your graduate-level textbook "Spacetime and Geometry".

If you fail, I hope you will have a much better idea of "where we end up" with your essay, and how to fix your problems.

Good luck.

Dimi Chakalov

11 days later
  • [deleted]

Hello Sean,

I think Lee Smolin has some words of wisdom regarding the nature of physical theory, and I was wondering what you might think of them. Smolin's words seem to harken back to those of Galileo/Einstein--the traditional heroes who advanced physics by rugged ingenuity.

In a table inthe attached paper, I present a table which shows how MDT adheres to the more heroic principles underlying all successful *physical* theories.

In light of the recent tragic failures of the anti-theory regimes, which has brought physics to a standstill and exiled physicists and *physical* theories from the academy, I think it would be healthy to discuss what physics *ought* strive for in the future, so as to get it on a better path--so that we can join the greater journey on that higher road that we see by standing on the shoulders of giants--not by ignoring them and their philosophies.

Lee Smolin states in a BBC video, "We've forgotten how audacious science is and how it rages sometime -- how the ideas that turn out to be true are so often outrageous... we've forgotten the lessons of the people like Einstein, who come from the outside but have exactly the right insight and right idea." --http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bLwqnIfLRA&feature=related BBC Hard Talk

"Openness, the inclusion of different points of view, like in anything else, is essential to progress." --Lee Smolin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bLwqnIfLRA&feature=related BBC Hard Talk

This contest has demonstarted that too, too many established professors and researchers refuse to partake in collegial dialogue, and this grates against the spirit of greats such as Wheeler, Einstein, and Galileo. Well-funded, tenured professors have time to administer crackpot indexes on their univeristy's servers, but no time to talk about physics and physical reality.

"I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him." --Galileo Galilei

"Curiosity is more important than knowledge." --Einstein

Lee Smolin also says that a theory should "come in a coherent whole--it should start with a beautiful principle, like the principle of indeterminacy of quantum mechanics or the principle of relativity, and there then should be a beautiful equation that flows out from that principle to a myriad of consequnces." --Lee Smolin, BBC Video

MDT's beautiful principle: The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c with a wavelength of the Planck Length.

MDT's beautiful equation: dx4/dt=ic

MDT's myriad of consequences: all of relativity, time and all its arrows and assymetries, entropy, quantum nonlocality and entanglement, wave-particle/space-time/mass-energy duality, the gravitational slowing of light and time, and the single velocity for all entities through spacetime--c.

The resounidng silence from the establishment on MDT (after having promised to read the paper) has lead me to believe that they see nothing wrong with MDT, as unlike LQG and Sring Theory, MDT passes Dr. Smolin's criterion for a good theory (please see the attached paper). And too, MDT predicts all of relativity along with quantum nonlocality and entanglement, as well as entropy, by proposing a novel, deeper feature of our *physical* reality. (Please see the table in the attached document.)

Soon these comments will be frozen for all time, while the fourth dimension yet marches on at the rate of c!

Well, Best Wishes for the New Year!

I look forward to sending you & anyone a copy of my book, HERO'S JOURNEY PHYSICS & MOVING DIMENSIONS THEORY: FROM HERACLITIS, TO PLATO, TO ARISTOTLE, TO COPERNICUS, TO BRUNO, TO KEPLER, TO GALILEO, TO NEWTON, TO PLANCK/EINSTEIN/BOHR/BORN--AND YET IT MOVES! Unifying relativity, quantum mechanics, entropy, and time's arrows and assymetries with a new universal invariant: dx4/dt=ic."

Eppur si muove!

Dr. E (The Real McCoy)

"Books on physics are full of complicated mathematical formulae. But thought and ideas, not formulae, are the beginning of every physical theory." --Einstein/Infeld, The Evolution of Physics

I promise that my upcoming book will be filled with thought and ideas, just like the atached paper:

Moving Dimensions Theory & Hero's Journey Physics

Overcoming the Tragic Anti-Theory Leviathans that No Longer Teach Foundational Papers nor Ask Foundational Questions

By Dr. E (The Professor in Black)

"In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual." -Galileo Galilei

Moving Dimensions Theory--which regards time as an emergent phenomena--was inspired in part by Einstein's words pertaining to the higher purpose of physical theories: "Before I enter upon a critique of mechanics as a foundation of physics, something of a broadly general nature will first have to be said concerning the points of view according to which it is possible to criticize

physical theories at all. The first point of view is obvious: The theory must not contradict empirical facts . . . The second point of view is not concerned with the relation to the material of observation but with the premises of the theory itself, with what may briefly but vaguely be characterized as the "naturalness" or "logical simplicity" of the premises (of the basic concepts and of the relations between these which are taken as a basis). This point of view, an exact formulation of which meets with great difficulties, has played an important role in the selection and evaluation of theories since time immemorial."Attachment #1: Moving_Dimensions_Theory__Heros_Journey_Physics.pdf

6 days later
  • [deleted]

The existance of a photon or any other single harmonic oscillator is enough to prove that hilbert space is infinite dimensional

[a,a*] = 1

Take the trace of either side to show that this cannot have any finite dimensional representations.