Here is a new theory of time. It answers a lot of questions.

https://philpapers.org/rec/MERANT-2

Georgina Woodward thanks for your help on a very very early version of the paper, I will put you in the acknowledgements in a future version.

Georgina,

At a fundamental level, time does not exist. The equations of physics, which represent laws of nature, show that at a fundamental level, time does not exist.

The equations of physics show mathematical relationships between categories of information, where mass and position are examples of categories of information. But the equations of physics show that time cannot be represented in a mathematical relationship between fundamental categories of information.

Instead, time is a category that represents change of number for other categories of information: change of number can only be represented by an algorithm; time is information about information, i.e. time is a higher-level category of information.

Hi Lorraine, you wrote "Instead, time is a category that represents change of number for other categories of information:" I don't think that is spot on. Clock time, t, as used in equations, I.e. shown by numbers is a beable change being used for comparison with other variables that can also be shown by numbers. Clock time,t, is just one type of time.

Georgina,

Mass, position and time are natural categories of contextual information, which have existed since the early universe, and still exist now, underlying everything. Seemingly this information does not float in some abstract ether: the information is carried by things like particles and atoms, which existed well before clocks came on the scene.

However time is different to other categories: other categories are relationships between other similar types of categories; but time is a different type of category which records change of number.

A piece pf matter has a particular mass (unmeasured) because of the arrangement of it's constituent particles. Without imposition of an artificial coordinate frame, position is location within and relative to other particles or masses. I see from your reply you are not talking about clock time. (Foundational) Time is the entire arrangement of existing things. Each different entire pattern a different time. Passage of time encompasses all change. Numbers depict measured or calculated outcomes. The measurement and processing of inputs, or calculation process are an in-between requirement.'Information', what is conveyed by a particular sequence or arrangement implies receipt and processing into knowledge (or other product). Time numbers, mass numbers and position numbers are on the knowledge side of the sensory interface with external nature.

This is a paragraph from my one page essay in the first FQXi essay contest, "The Nature of Time." The essay is titled, "Things Happen". It`s the last entered essay in that contest, entry dated December 4th, 2,008.

"The basis of our shared illusion, is our rotating planet. Our natural state in reality, is to be travelling at a surface speed of 1,600 kilometers per hour. Our time systems are based on this motion. At the root of our deception, we take this motion as our time. As the world turns, we see the real and constant effects of that motion in seamless concert with our clocks. This constant evidence of change validates our clocks, and our clocks mark the passage of time. We live on our clock, it`s motion is our time. The marriage of the physical rotational motion, with our systems of time keeping, sets the stage for the illusion to occur. The ingredient that creates the illusion of time, and binds us to it, is our consciousness."

Hi Georgina,

Perhaps my post above, of today`s date, will answer one of your disagreements?

As to the difference between experiencing "Now", and experiencing the "present", I see no difference.

Hi Jim, re. your "We would be inclined to assume that time did not exist, as some kind of force or thing, if the Earth did not have it`s rotational motion". There are other cycles such as life cycles and natural processes like erosion and sedimentation that take time (if you will allow the moon to orbit, tides too). We would think about time differently with no day night cycle-and if you are including orbit around the sun, no seasons.

It is helpful to have a means of differentiating the material happening of an event and the experience of the event via receipt and processing of sensory information. Transmission of the signals that form the sensory input has a duration. The longer the distance between source and recipient the bigger the transmission delay between happening and experience of it.

Hi Georgina,

re. your "We would think about time differently with no day night cycle".

Imagine if the Earth was like the Moon, wherein the Earth rotated on it`s axis in the same period in which it revolves around the Sun. If it `seemed` to be 2 pm., where you happened to be, it would always `seem` to be 2 pm.. The Sun would stay in the same place in the sky.

"We would be inclined to assume that time did not exist, as some kind of force or thing, if the Earth did not have it`s rotational motion."

Of course, the Sun would, very slowly, move higher and lower in the sky as the Earth revolved around the Sun, as a result of the Earth`s tilted axis.

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Jim, if the Earth and Sun did not move relative to each other it would not provide a timing method. So the seen position of the Sun would not be considered a particular time. There are other timing methods.

(For clarity your most recent quotes are me quoting you and you quoting yourself)

Georgina,

Sorry, but what you say is nonsense. E.g.:

1. Mass:

The equations of physics show that mass is a relationship. Mass is not "because of the arrangement" of a piece of matter's "constituent particles".

(Note that "pattern"/ "arrangement" information cannot just automatically "exist". "Pattern"/ "arrangement" information is necessarily an outcome of very complex algorithmic information processing; it is something that requires the information processing capabilities of living things.)

Also, mass information is never "unmeasured". Mass is an information relationship carried by things like particles; the numbers that apply to mass can be different from different points of view.

2. Position:

With or without the "imposition of an artificial coordinate frame", position information is an information relationship carried by things like particles: no particle means no frame of reference and no position. (I mean relative position: no one would claim that absolute position information could exist in the universe)

3. Time:

Re "Time is the entire arrangement of existing things. Each different entire pattern a different time....": As I noted above: "pattern"/ "arrangement" information cannot just automatically "exist". "Pattern"/ "arrangement" information is necessarily an outcome of very complex algorithmic information processing; it is something that requires the information processing capabilities of living things. You are talking about history, you are not talking about physics' Time.

Holography the time. Perhaps time can be expressed as

[math]$$ t=\frac{Gh}{c^4}\int\frac{dS}{r} $$[/math]

Where S is the entropy of entanglement of an arbitrary closed surface. r is the radius to the surface point. Integration over a closed surface.

This is very similar to the analogy. Time behaves as a potential, and entropy as a charge.

From this formula there are several possible consequences.

1.Bekenstein Hawking entropy for the event horizon. Light cone case

[math]$$ r=ct $$[/math]

[math]$$ S=\frac{c^3}{Gh}r^2$$[/math]

2.Gravitational time dilation. The case if matter inside a closed surface processes information at the quantum level according to the Margolis-Livitin theorem.

[math]$$ dI=\frac{dMc^2 t}{h} $$[/math]

[math]$$ \Delta t=\frac{Gh}{c^4}\int\frac{dI}{r}=t\frac{GM}{c^2r}$$[/math]

3.The formula is invariant under Lorentz transformations.

4.If this definition is substituted instead of time, then the interval acquires a different look, which probably indicates a different approach of the Minkowski pseudometric with a complex plane

[math]$$ s^2=(l^2_{p}\frac{S}{r})^2-r^2 $$[/math]

Where is the squared length of Planck

[math]$$ l^2_{p}=\frac{Gh}{c^3} $$[/math]

Quantum tunneling of noncommutative geometry gives the definition of time in the form of holography, that is, in the form of a closed surface integral. Ultimately, the holography of time shows the dualism between quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity.Attachment #1: 1_dualism_1.pdfAttachment #2: 1_Quantum_tunneling_approach_of_noncommutative_geometry.docx

    Hi Georgina,

    "If the rotation period slowed to 1 rotation every 365 days a condition called `sun synchronous` every spot in the Earth would have permanent daytime or nighttime all year long. This is similar to the situation on the moon where for 2 weeks the front-side is illuminated by the Sun, and for 2 weeks the back side is illuminated. This situation for the Earth is not the condition of `stopped` rotation, but it is as close as the laws of physics will let the Earth get.

    If it stopped spinning completely, ...not even once every 365 days, you would get 1/2 year daylight and 1/2 year nightime."

    Copyright 1997 Dr. Sten Odenwald

    Under these conditions, we would be inclined to assume that time did not exist, as some kind of force or thing.

    Lorraine,

    mass of a piece of matter is related to density of its constituents which is related to how those constituents are arranged. I don't disagree that there must be a particle for a position of it. Just saying there is a position relative to other things even if no artificial co ordinate frame is applied. The relationship of everything to everything else is a pattern even unseen. As I said in another post you are considering the knowledge side of the Reality interface (sensory interface) with external nature.- Knowledge obtained from measurement or observation, providing measurement outcomes, observation products or Image reality. I was talking about the other side of the sensory interface partly because you mentioned existing since the early universe; i.e pre human observers.

    No, Georgina.

    1. Relationships are carried by things like particles; these relationships involve categories (like mass, charge and momentum), as represented in the equations of the laws of physics. Specific relationships exist, but there exists no "relationship of everything to everything else".

    2. Pattern is discerned by human beings and other living things that can do the algorithmic processing required to see a pattern in raw data information. No pattern information existed before living things analysed and collated raw data. There exists no such abstractly-existing thing as "pattern, even unseen."

    3. Relationship is not pattern. Sorry, but this is just nonsense: "The relationship of everything to everything else is a pattern even unseen."

    Lorraine,

    I don't think particles are carrying the relationships they are involved in.

    Can a pattern exist even unseen? I'd say yes just as any material object exists even unseen. "Is the Moon there when i'm not looking?" Einstein. I'd say yes but the seen Moon and the existing independent of observation Moon are not the same thing. Seeing allows an observation product to be formed whereby the material things can be known. Knowing about (a representation formed by the mind) is not the same concept as existing of its own accord. Pattern is formed by the relationships of things; that applies to material things(external), abstract things ( their external representation or internal) and qualia (internal).