Dear Xerxes,
I agree with your conclusion that qualia are fundamentally non-computable, where qualia are associated with the "raw feel" of an experience. Nevertheless, I do not believe this precludes a physical model underlying awareness. Schultz's essay suggests that limitations on knowability are based on algorithmic patterns and that non-algorithmic patterns do not impose limits on knowability.
As I understand it, your "distributed reasoning" serves as an alternative to axiomatic systems, which are, by definition, algorithmic systems. I also believe that your graphical representation is the correct approach, but I disagree with "nodes denoting the objects of study and edges denoting relations between them."
On the other hand, I do agree, so to speak, that "the identity or attribute of any object in this graph is completely dependent on its relations to other objects in the network."
You mention natural language processing, where such distributed models were, I believe, first proposed by Stephen Grossberg in 1969. The mechanics of filtering are represented by algorithmic processes on the net. This is aside from the 'qualia ' of comprehension of detected words.
Based on ten day old info I have rewritten my essay to analyze conscious awareness of 3D shapes in space. Based on your excellent essay I believe you might find it interesting.
Deciding on the nature of time and space
I look forward to any comments you might have,
Edwin Eugene Klingman