Essay Abstract

As a science amateur and software professional, I find the digital physics community's fixation on the bit disheartening. To the extent that John Archibald Wheeler's "It from bit" (echoed by Seth Lloyd) or MIT's "Center for Bits and Atoms" represent mere whimsical euphemism for computation as a whole, that is one thing; but I get the impression that a good many of the thought leaders in this area genuinely believe that a computational model of everything is rooted in the bit. I think there are several compelling reasons why those thought leaders should at least consider abandoning this belief. This paper discusses those reasons and then presents an alternative conception of digital physics that I call computational ontology.

Author Bio

Owen Cunningham began programming computers at age 6, and began getting paid to do so at age 16. He has been a network engineer, server and database administrator, software architect, and personnel manager in the technology industry for 16 years. He has an Associate's Degree in math from Manchester Community College. He is an architect at FitLinxx, Inc. in Massachusetts.

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  • [deleted]

Hello Mr Owen Thomas Cunningham,

It's instructive ,especially for me who don't encircle how act these computers really .I begin to encircle a little but I don't know the base ,I need the base in fact ,it's the most important .It exists probably a specific language and codes and algorythms thus but how is the main coordination,a center is necessary ,I think what if all is focus on spherical system and storages ,probably it's the best form of computing system and its different steps .

What I find important is the check of physical parameters and the differences with reals and imaginaries too ,thus like a kind of wall too and limits .

I suppose it's necessary to evitate the add of chaotic systems.

The rationality is universal but the human invention is limited .

How harmonize this universal system in complemenatrity thus ?

Your essay is well explained about the base .Thanks for that .

Could you tell me more about the Hardware architecture of our Universe ,this system exists ?

How are selected the datas and informations,it could be well if we could see in 3D our Universe ,that exists this kind of system ?

Sincerely

Steve

Hello Steve,

Thank you for taking the time to read my paper.

I would like to respond to your comment, but I am barely able to understand it. What is your native language? If it is French, post again en Francais, and I will reply in same.

  • [deleted]

Hello ,

Sorry for my french ,sya me please ,is it so bad my french ,There I am going to take a professor ,really ,in fact I learn english with the dictionnary .And apparently it's incomprehensible ,hihihih I must study a little the language ,it's not my force like the computing and engeniering .

Dear Mr Cunningham ,do you speak french ?

Regards

Steve

  • [deleted]

I have been looking at your paper some, though not yet in detail. It appears that you are examining the universe as a sort of processor or possibly as meromorphic to an algorithm. There are several other papers which have some connection here. In my paper I argue for the existence of a quantum critial point in the evaluation of the cosmological constant:

Can we see into a black hole? by Lawrence B Crowell

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/494

In there I argue that quantum flcutations for S-dual systems, such as strings interacting with black holes are driven by quantum fluctuations sufficiently large as to determine the ordering of a system. Abhijnan Rej has a related paper where he examines the computational complexity of this problem:

Turing's Landscape: decidability, computability and complexity in string theory by Abhijnan Rej

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/505

In there he find that the problem is not polynomial, but NP or PSPACE. This seems to lend itself to questions of quantum computation and issues of distributed computational architectures of the sort you discuss.

Lev Goldfarb has some related ideas involving computational systems

What is possible in physics depends on the chosen representational formalism by Lev Goldfarb

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/482

Cheers LC

  • [deleted]

Bonjour Monsieur Cunningham ,

Je suis enchanté de faire votre connaissance .

Mon Anglais is littéral en fait ,ce qui implique ,dés lors ,certaines maladresses de ma part lors de mes interventions sur les forums .

J'en suis navré ,je me dois d'être un peu plus exigeant envers mon anglais et ce pour des détails explicatifs plus cernables et compréhensibles pour les lecteurs .

De plus j'ai un très gros défaut ,j'écris trop vite ,sans relire ,ce qui implique en plus des fautes d'orthographe.

Je dois améliorer ma communication ,optimiser mon anglais en l'occurence .

Au sujet de votre essai que j'ai apprécié par son contenu ,

il est vrai que je comprends mieux l'anglais à la lecture que pour me faire comprendre à l'écriture,

je me posais quelques questions au sujet de cet Hardware ,ce centre de données centrale et son système virtuel et réel .

Je me demandais si un design 3D de notre Universe était envisagé pour une topologie optimisée et réaliste ,physique et basique .

Il serait ,en effet,très intéressant de se focaliser sur un encodage rationnel corrélé aux fondamenataux physiques ,avec une quantification adaptée et fondamentale universelle .

Pour cela, un modèle de sphères enchevétrées serait intéressant respectant le fractal universel .

Je pense que le nombre des sphères quantiques et cosmologiques est le même .

Votre essai fût instructif et pertinant sur la capacité des systèmes .

Celà me permit de cerner une globalité .Je dois vous avouer que Je suis un piètre informaticien,comme je vous l'ai dit antérieurement mes points faibles sont les langues ,l'informatique et l'ingénieurie technologuique ,je comprends l'ensemble mais je ne connais rien du tout sur les languages utilisés par les systèmes informatiques .

C'est l'autonomie donc les algorythmes sources qui me posent problème.

Un peu comme l'alphabet ,en connaissant la base ,j'ai ensuite facile à créer .

Bien cordialement

Steve

  • [deleted]

You say:

"...gauge theory chauvinists..."

"Although this paper draws on elements of physics, computer science, and mathematics, it does not attempt to definitively answer any questions or solve any problems in any of those areas."

I say: instead of being rude and not saying anything relevant to physics, you should withdraw from this contest.

Dear anonymous, I am sorry you feel attacked by my submission. I certainly don't intend to attack anyone, especially since later in the section where I first use the term "gauge theory chauvinist" I explicitly say "fiber bundles...are very useful, and not to be knocked by any means." Even if one strongly believes in the explanatory power of gauge theories, and therefore feels somehow put down by a phrase like "gauge theory chauvinist," it still seems a bit of a logical leap to conclude from that emotional reaction that my entire paper says nothing relevant to physics. Any paper that purports to explain the hierarchy problem, baryon asymmetry problem, black holes, the unexpected acceleration of the expansion of the universe without resorting to dark energy, and the arrow-of-time problem without resorting to entropy presumably deserves meatier, more substantive criticisms levied against it than "I found its author rude." Perhaps if you stop posting anonymously we can salvage this exchange into a productive dialogue.

Hello Steve,

I will reply in English; let me know if anything needs clarification.

You said:

"I was wondering if a 3d design of our Universe was intended as an optimised and realistic topology, physical and basic? It would be, in fact, very interesting to focus on a correlated rational coding to fundamentals of physics, with an adapted and fundamentally universal quantification. For this, a model of (stacked, piled, lined up ) spheres would be interesting respecting the Universal fractal. I think that the number of quantic and cosmologic spheres is the same."

You are on the right track to bring fractals into the discussion. Rudy Rucker proposed at the end of his book "Mind Tools" the broad outlines of what my paper is about; and Robert Oldershaw, another entrant in this contest, also argues for the existence of a universal fractal. What I've tried to do is accept their proposals as a given, and imagine how such a universal fractal might work.

In mentioning sphere packings, I think you are alluding to the idea of Hausdorff dimension. I've been scouring wikipedia trying to find some existing notion that is the "graph theory equivalent" of Hausdorff dimension; the closest thing I can find is "metric dimension," but unfortunately those are always natural numbers.

Traditional fractals like the Mandelbrot set, Menger sponge (indeed anything listed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fractals_by_Hausdorff_dimension) consume a subset of traditional n-dimensional space; part of the reason a Sierpinski triangle's Hausdorff dimension is less than 2 is that a complete representation of it can fit inside a 2-dimensional plane. The same reasoning ensures that the Menger sponge's Hausdorff dimension is less than 3. No fractal at the wikipedia page has a Hausdorff dimension greater than 3.

I wonder if part of the reason this is the case is that traditional fractals, because they work by "claiming" points within a larger predefined space, can only _consume_ space. The fractal I propose in my paper (the "Object" class) simultaneously consumes _and_generates_ space (by "claiming" points/nodes and then also having a mechanism for creating new points/nodes). This means, if we were to find a suitable generalization of Hausdorff dimension that can take graph-theoretic fractals into account, then the "Object" class's Hausdorff dimension could be something greater than 3. It could even be, for instance, pi.

If the universe were a graph-theoretic fractal with Hausdorff dimension pi, it would explain a lot. It would explain why string theorists would be satisfied with ideas like "the universe has 3 big spatial dimensions and 7 small, curled-up spatial dimensions"; the intuitive idea of a "big," non-curled-up spatial dimension would correspond to the natural portion of pi (i.e. 3). The remaining 0.1415926... dimension would accommodate the quantum phenomena that seem to require additional but partial dimensions.

  • [deleted]

Dear Mr Cunningham,

Thanks for your answer .

In fact it's not the same ,in my model ,The Theory of Spherisation ,a UTE of Rotating Spheres .The numbers os spheres ,entangled is specific with their volumes too thus specifics lattices too and that in an evolution point of vue and the rotations .

Furthermore the fractal is correlated with these realities and the infinity is not inserted in my model .Like pi and its infinity .

In the Hausdorf dimension ,ln x/lny..it's different ,but very interesting to calculate .

here the sphericality and the specificity of quantum and cosmological spheres is essential .Thus the fractal is specific,a specific fractal since the begining .

Pi is relevant indeed .

What is a graph-theoretic fractal with Hausdorff dimension pi ?

Could you explain me please? It's interesting all that

Regards

Steve

  • [deleted]

I begin to understand with the order and the triangle of Sierpinski and others fractals .

This ratio is relevant between ln.

The logic for me with what I see on wikipedia is the Baderne D'apolonius for the realism with Big Bang .Of course this system must be in 3D and the good numbers of quantum and cosmological spheres entangled with their specific volumes and rotations .

The spherical waves with the evolution can be correlated too.

Very very relevant thanks Mr Cunningham ,I begin to encircle how are build the pictures too on the pc .In fact the fractals are incredible in their properties ,if the series and harmonics are inserted thus it's very very relevant .

Best Regards

Steve

  • [deleted]

And if we take the prime number thus 1 3 ....thus the Main central sphere like a mitose with 3 at the Big Bang ...the Badern of Apolonius thus is specific in a 3D sphere with a specific harmonix oscillation ,an universal mitose fractal with spheres .

I imagine the entanglement ,incredible with all these spheres .And all connected by contact and rotations ,waves .

More some without rotations due to our young age ,probably the Dark Matter .

Regards

Steve

  • [deleted]

On wikipedia ,I see others systems like "the Theorem of Descartes", and a list of fractals ,it's very very relevant.

I see in resume a 3D fractals of spheres ,with a specific serie ,like the Apolonius system ,where the numbers of cosmological spheres are entangled ,we can correlate the velocity of rotations like proportional with the mass of the quantum architecture .

The series is specific since the Big Bang multiplication of quantum spheres .

Our number ,quantum and cosmologic is probably the same .How many centers exist is our Universe ,Super BH ...BH Stars planets moons (asteroids) .

Thus how many spheres turn around the universal center where all has begun ?

The quantum architecture is like a code of becoming where all sphere mass are harmonized .The maximum contact in the quantum dimension is important for the rotations ,the waves and the oscillations and frequences .

What do you think about please ?

Regards

Steve

Steve,

I think your ideas are complex enough that you probably should submit a paper to this contest, assuming you aren't already working on one!

  • [deleted]

Dear Mr. Cunningham,

OK, I accept your challenge. Please explain how your essay is passing the "Acceptability" criteria as specified by FQXI: "essays must satisfy minimal criteria of quality, relevance and propriety, as determined by the sole discretion of FQXi. (The great majority of entries will satisfy this criterion.) "

Propriety: "gauge theory chauvinists"

Relevance: "Although this paper draws on elements of physics, computer science, and mathematics, it does not attempt to definitively answer any questions or solve any problems in any of those areas."

So in your very own words, you admit you do not definitively answer any questions or solve any problems in physics, computer science, and mathematics. I am not concerned with computer science or mathematics here, but this is a physics contest.

Quality: "Here are some reasons even for the gauge theory chauvinists not to dismiss computational ontology out of hand: [...] Black holes. Computational ontology would explain black holes as active Object instances whose threads got caught in a recursive infinite loop. If mass is actually stack space, then an infinitely recursing thread would appear to other Objects as an entity of infinite mass."

Black holes do not have infinite mass. You are lacking an elementary understanding about them and yet you make a plea to "gauge theory chauvinists" not to dismiss your "computational ontology"

To make the point about quality clear, let's imagine that I participate at a computer science essay contest about software architecture and I would say something like this:

"Here are some reasons even for the software architects chauvinists not to dismiss the hypothesis of computer souls out of hand: [...] Blue screen. Computers having feelings would explain the blue screen of death as the computer being extremely mad at his incompetent owner."

Dear Critic,

Before delving into the substance of our discussion, let me first point out that this is the second time you have failed to identify yourself, and the first time you have failed to do so after being explicitly asked to. While I welcome the opportunity to defend my paper against thoughtful criticism from anyone, general norms of internet etiquette do not require me to do so against an unidentified party. If, after I publish this post, you deign to publish a reply, it will go untreated unless it is attributed.

You claim that my paper fails to satisfy FQXi minimal criteria of quality, relevance and propriety. I could offer the trivial solution and argue that, since (by the very same section of rules that you quote) FQXi is the sole arbiter of these acceptability criteria, and furthermore that these criteria are evaluated prior to a submission being published on this web site, then the very fact that my paper was published on the site at all indicates that FQXi disagrees with you. But, you have made other valid points to which it would be churlish of me not to respond.

You have highlighted one passage each to exemplify how my paper supposedly fails each of the three aforementioned acceptability criteria. I disagree that any of these passages provides grounds for dismissal of the paper, but I concede that one of them represents a notable error of scholarship on my part.

The passage about which you are obviously correct and I am obviously mistaken is the "black hole" bullet under "Cosmological Evidence," which you hold up as a violation of the "quality" criterion. You are absolutely correct that black holes do not have infinite mass. I did not have a clear understanding of how black holes are defined and did not realize that their masses do not automatically grow without bound. I am mortified to have allowed this mistake into the submitted version of the paper, but all I can do now is quote Richard Dawkins: "I gratefully accept the rebuke."

So, I agree that the bit about black holes is bad news for me. The only good news is that it isn't central to the overall point of the paper. In fact, of the bullets points under "Cosmological Evidence," I had already viewed the black hole bit as the least interesting of the bunch. If FQXi were to give me the opportunity, I would happily remove that entire bullet and resubmit the paper otherwise unchanged. Depending on how strongly you feel about it, perhaps you could lobby them to allow this.

Next you quote the first sentence of my conclusion as an example of a violation of the "relevance" criterion; and yes, I will reacknowledge my paper's failure to definitively answer any questions or solve any problems in physics. I guess my only response here can be, since when does "being relevant to X" translate to "definitively answering at least one question or solving at least one problem in X"?

Objecting to this passage on these grounds implies that your standards of relevance are so high as to disqualify not just my paper, but indeed the majority of submissions to this contest. If such rigorous notions of relevance are really this important to you, why have you remained silent when confronted with submissions that are clearly even less relevant to physics than mine? Seriously, dude, have you read, for instance, Eugene Clear's submission, in which he basically asserts that physics is what God does for fun in his spare time? Where was your crusading zeal to uphold austere and rigorous notions of relevance when that opus got submitted?

It seems to me that the real substance of your objection to my paper is the phrase "gauge theory chauvinist." I suspect it could save us a lot of time and keystrokes if you specifically acknowledge this, so that we can move on to (a) the reasons why I would use such a phrase and (b) the reasons why you would find it so offensive. Actually, hell with it -- I'll go ahead and present (a) now.

First, I want to assure you that I do not mean "gauge theory chauvinist" as an insult. Indeed, I wish I, a lowly private sector code monkey who flips zeroes to ones for a living, unschooled in the ways of physics or even higher math, had the expertise to warrant such an accusation. The phrase is not meant to impugn anyone's intellectual integrity, moral character, personal hygiene, or anything else of the sort. It is meant to describe the mindset of a professional physicist who has spent so much time studying the abstract mathematical formalisms of string theory and other advanced physical theories that s/he has fallen victim to a "map/territory confusion" that leaves them believing, to quote my paper, that this "abstract mathematics . . . is the only proper expression of 'real physics.'"

To me, a gauge theory chauvinist is someone who, in their heart of hearts, believes that IF a genuine theory of everything is ever found, it will consist solely of equations. The philosophical essence of my paper is, what if the ToE is better expressed as _source_code_ than as a bunch of equations? I imagine that a professional theoretical physicist's very first reaction to this idea would be one of three things:

(1) Uh... maybe. Probably not. Why do you ask?

(2) You should go collaborate with X and Y, they're thinking along the same lines.

(3) Bullshit. Go back to flipping zeroes to ones.

It is my contention that any professional theoretical physicist whose very first reaction to this idea is (3) is a gauge theory chauvinist. Another telltale sign of gauge theory chauvinism would be, rather than bothering to read the paper carefully and in its entirety, instead superficially scanning it looking for glaring but peripheral mistakes one can use to project the superficial impression of having done due diligence. Fortunately, FQXi tends to attract the open-minded, so I don't have to worry about that behavior here.

  • [deleted]

Hi Mr Cunningham ,

Yes indeed you are right ,but the problem is what I don't know how can I do to resume and to condensate my researchs and works .Furthermore my english is too bad for a contest .

Furthermore I dislike the competition ,but of course I must adapt me to the system .

In all case ,thanks for the advice ,it's nice .

Good luck for the contest .

Regards

Steve

  • [deleted]

Dear Mr Cunningham ,

I agree too with Mr Critic ,but who is it ?? ,the Black holes do not have infinite mass,all is finite in our physicallity ,the infinity is only mathematical in fact .

The mathematic and the physic are harmonized when the fundamentals of physics are inserted with pragmatism .

Without that ,it's only imaginaries ,it's better to use reals in my opinion.

The computing is human ,and our universal laws ,them are universals .

The synchronization with math and physics is fundamental when the physicality is taken in its whole .

For the strings ,it's finished ,the end of strings ....sorry for the sell of books .But it's like that ,the strings are a lost of time ,simply like the imaginaries which aren't in the fundamenatls .

Sincerely

Steve

6 days later
  • [deleted]

This essay does not really answers the essay question of what is ultimately possible in physics. However I do think that it was brave to enter the contest and I have really appreciated the opportunity to read this essay. Which is both informative and comprehensible, unlike some of the other entries.

I am quite sure that rather than being mere computers it will be found that both the mind and universe are highly dynamic in function. Understanding both the universe and the mind will be about understanding flow of energy, the pathways, rather than individual bits of information or particles. That is why I found your essay so interesting.

Within the brain flows of energy cascade along various pathways, some building into bigger flows that reinforce, with resultant effects others not reaching their destination and being filtered out. In time computer technology may develop to mimic the dynamics found in nature, which may then lead to greater abilities within computing, such as real AI that is able to think rather than just compute. That would be what is ultimately possible in computing. I am not however convinced we can use current understanding of computing and analogies based on that understanding to understand the function of universe or mind.

  • [deleted]

Dear Owen,

As promised, here is my 'two-cents-worth' opinion.

In your essay, you chose to approach the relationship between computer science and physics via some original object-oriented "hardware" models.

I, on the other hand, feel strongly that the contribution of information science to physics can only be realized if a fundamentally new model of information processing *in nature* is proposed, which is supposed to shed new light on the nature of physical processes. Once such model is 'on the table', we can then move on to its various hardware 'implementation'.

So, unfortunately, I am not able to comment much on your proposal, ;─) since I have to see first the abstract model behind it.

Best wishes to you!