A Geometrical Approach Towards A Theory of Everything by Ray B Munroe

Ray Munroe

Dear Jason,

According to my models, there is a K12' "neatly arranged" lattice at the Big Bang, but much of it has collapsed due to broken symmetries. Instead of "bands", we have branes. Is hyperspace a lattice? I don't want to think of spacetime as a lattice - that causes aether problems.

Dear Lawrence,

Yes, we have the difference between negative and imaginary mass. In my book, I proposed that WIMP-Gravitons might allow interactions between these odd types of masses.

Lawrence Crowell

Ray,

I wrote on your suggestion about so(12) on my area.

There are band-like structures, or Fermi surfaces, which also have braney content to them. For example strings are Skymrion knots which occur in a way analogous to knotted flows in some solid state problems. D-branes are also emergent from Fermi-like surfaces with certain topological (K-theory or homotopic) properties.

Cheers LC

[deleted]

Ray,

Maybe I'm being a little imaginative here, but using the crystal metaphor to describe space suggests the existence of positive space and negative space, like charges. Electrons orbit around protons, not the other way around, typically. But that doesn't mean we can't play around with our Planck spheres. Of course, the planck CONSTANT prevents us from changing the size of our Planck spheres. I think I'm going to need a Planck Scaling field, after all.

While lattices cause aether problems, I think of it more as a tool to help us understand what we can't really comprehend. On the other hand, Ray, maybe you go for picnics on branes and admire the scenergy. Who knows?

Lawrence Crowell

The "atoms" here are the roots of "half an E_8," so we might think of these "atoms" as having the analogu of charges, but these are for larger Lie groups.

Cheers LC

[deleted]

Dear Lawrence,

I don't think it would be too dumb to ask, what is a "root of half an E_8"?

Ray,

Where is the %$#! hyperspace freeway? Do you have the map turned upside down?

I've been trying to find an easier way to represent QM in my mind. What does Psi* ? Psi mean anyway? Well, while at work, I've been troubleshooting a circuit. After I chase the signal into the FPGA, I usually get frustrated. I know a complex conjugate just means the imaginary part is inverted. Somehow, we have an operator that acts on the NOT-inverted part, Psi, then, like it's a sandwich, we take the inverted part and apply that, take the square root and wammo, we have a chance to find a particle. I just started to wonder if any of that could mean that quantum space exists as connections between the two halves of some circuit. Just a silly thought, I guess.

[deleted]

Dear Jason,

I think Lawrence is talking about an H4 with 120 roots versus an E8 with 240 roots - the same fundamental duality, triality (Lisi's great accomplishment) and pentality symmetries in a 4-D (quatrality) space instead of an 8-D (octality) space. But I am used to Lawrence explaining himself better.

Psi is our quantum wave function. It has complex components. By integrating over Psi Psi*, we get the "magnitude/ length" of our complex vector. When properly normalized, the square root gives probabilities.

Have Fun!

Ray Munroe

[deleted]

Dear Ray,

I remember roots polynomial roots from high school algebra. For something like H4 and E8, those roots probably mean something like vertices? I'm guessing it's some kind of F(x1,x2...xn)=0 situations. Of course that could imply maximas and miminas for 120 parameters.

Dual lattices I know about. You talk about triality, quadrality and pentality, and I start to get a headache. I had considered that other 4D space-times might coexist inside of something as complex as an H4 or an E8. I think that is what you mean by n-uality. But if we're looking for the hyperdrive onramp, he won't find it there. I'm sure we have to think in terms of what the boundary between two kinds of space would be like, each with there own c and h. They might even be overlapping. I'm not entirely sure how tesselations of that could be set up. I'm not even sure if an energy boundary between them is sufficient. If n universes, each with their own set of c_n,h_n can exist together, how would they be arranged? Suddenly, we have a c axis, an h axis and probably an energy axis. Quantum Mechanics suddenly becomes awkward. I'm quite sure that humans cannot think like this without becoming complete social imbeciles. There might even be homeless people who walk the streets muttering, "damn you E8xE8!! You ruined my life!!"

[deleted]

I know how we're going to deal with Unruh radiation. The energy can't escape if it has no where to escape to. Space-time itself, outside of the boundary of your spaceship has to be dampened out. Space itself is conducting Unruh radiation. Space itself has to go away.

You might ask, how do where steer if we can't see where we're going? Why do we need to see? Doesn't momentum still operate even if there is a gap of space between the spaceship and the rest of space? Isn't conservation of momentum garaunteed no matter what? Just like conservation of energy, it exists whether there is space or not. But if conservation of momentum requires there to be space, then isn't it possible to violate conservation of momentum by playing around with space? Ultimately, it is the quantum waves that decide where they will or will not go. They see the universe as transmission lines.

If a wave runs into a lack of space, it just bounces off of it, right? Why would it be absorbed into the nothingness? That would result in a violation of the conservation of energy.

Lawrence Crowell

The roots of a Lie algebra are related to roots of polynomials. The Cartan center of a Lie algebra defines eigenvalues of the symmetry. Finding the eigenvalue of a matrix can requires one solve polynomial equations. The techniques for Lie algebras are a bit more advanced that this, but it does all harken back to Galois theory on the roots of polynomials.

Unruh radiation is a manifestation of event horizons. The Alcubierre warp drive has such horizons, which curiously make it impossible to control the warp bubble. Quantum fields across horizons don't maintain entanglements, and this can include the vacuum state as well. As a result the vacuum state as observed outside the warp bubble is equivalent to a vacuum plus a thermal bath of radiation inside. Because the warp bubble requires negative energy to construct this produces a bit of noise which destroyes the warp bubble.

As a rule with any technology it it has zero fault tolerance it does not work,

Cheers LC

[deleted]

An event horizon occurs when gravity causes standard space (standard model space) to be stretched beyond the light cone. Particles which only exist in standard space are forced to travel faster than light. They have to give off Unruh radiation in order to try to slow down. According to the tested and established physics, Alcubierre drives and FTL travel is impossible.

If hyperdrives are to exist, they have to rely upon physics that we have yet to observe. I believe the first requirement is that we are going to need to discover the existence of a hyperspace. By definition, a hyperspace has a c'>>c; my hunch is that for such a space to exist, the Planck constant has to be very large as well, h'>>h.

Second, we are going to have to discover that a hyperspace and a standard space can form some kind of a bilayer; a std 4D space-time plus a hyperspace space-time interconnected in some invertible hyperD bilayer. I'm working on the details.

At sub light velocities, the spaceship, which always sits in the standard space of, let's call it a warp boson. A warp boson is an idea under construction that incorporates these two spaces as one object. At sublight speed, the standard space of the warp boson can come into contact with the rest of standard space. Presumably, the hyperspace region of the warp-boson is somehow inverted, and on the inside where it's isolated from the rest of hyperspace. As the velocity of the spaceship inside of the warp boson approaches the speed of light, the warp boson begins to invert. The standard space, with the spaceship inside of it, moves to the inside of the warp-boson where it is safely protected from the quark destabilizing conditions of hyperspace. On the outside of the warp-boson is the hyperspace. This hyperspace is in contact with the rest of hyperspace; assuming we can find it. The warp boson is allowed to have a velocity v>c because v

[deleted]

I think part of my post got clipped. Here is the rest of it:

The warp boson is allowed to have a velocity v>c because v

[deleted]

The editor is acting funny; my apologies.

Whatever the propulsion system is like, I'm sure it will have to obey action/reaction forces, inertia, conservation of momentum and energy for both standard space and hyperspace.

Like I said earlier, it is becoming apparent that with what we know, presently, about physics, the hyperdrive is impossible. There will have to be some significantly major discoveries before hyperdrive becomes possible. Maybe these OMG particles that strike the upper atmosphere are a clue?

[deleted]

Dear Jason,

We can think about roots as polynomial solutions or as lattice sites. My education in both Particle Physics and Solid State Physics introduced me to different applications of similar looking symmetry groups that have lattice analogies from Solid State Physics, so I use lattices.

The triality symmetry is important in two physical applications of Particle Physics. In Color Theory, we have 3 colors (Red, Green, Blue) that are represented by a lattice of equilateral triangles (2-simplex) in the 2-D gluon space formed by (g_3, g_8). An operator with a triality symmetry, T, would be such that Green = T(Red), Blue = T(Green), and Red = T(Blue). In the 2-D gluon space, these T operators may be represented by 120 degree rotations, or by translation vectors. There are 6 different rotations or vectors, and this yields the other 6 gluons (with color-anti-color charges). If we include anti-colors, anti-Red = Cyan, anti-Green = Magenta, and anti-Blue = Yellow, then we also have a triality symmetry between these three anti-colors, and we may form a G2 Lie algebra out of these 8 gluons 3 colors 3 anti-colors = 14 degrees of freedom. I didn't make a big deal about this triality symmetry because I added a fourth color, and converted it into a quatrality symmetry.

The other relevant triality symmetry was Lisi's generational triality between down, strange, bottom. These can be represented the same way as the prior example, and this becomes the K12' triality symmetry.

I think Lawrence meant "As a rule with any technology, if it has zero fault tolerance it does not work."

Have Fun!

Ray Munroe

[deleted]

Ray,

I've been thinking about trying to implement a standard space-hyperspace dual hypersphere. I want it to be invertible. I want the space ship to always be in the standard space (so it doesn't disintegrate). A Mobius strip is 2 dimensions, I think. I think the idea of a Mobius strip might work if extrapolated up to an invertible dual hyperspace.

I've been thinking about how it might be possible. The first question is, what tests would we have to run to determine that space is flat? Do we shoot some pool and measure all the angles with bank shots? Do we shine a laser around? What do we do? In my line of work, I configure and troubleshoot MPEG equipment which transmits QPSK, CFDM, ISDB-T signals, etc. I know about things like Shannon error coding. What I am wondering is this: is it possible to take superstrings (super membranes, super vibrating stuff) and construct the real space and momentum space necessary to simulate "space-time"?

Let's simplify this. Let's take a one dimensional loop. Imagine the Bohr atom. Forget the proton. You have one wavy electron. Next, forget it's an electron. Let's just call it space. Let's give it two properties, postion and momentum. This string has to supply both. Next, we take lot's and lots of them until we fill up all of 1 dimensional spatial and momentum eigenstates. This gives us a rubber band or loop made of superstrings that provides all of the eigenstates for momentum and and position. Anything moving it it just excites these eigenstates. It's a lot like transmitting audio and video using 8PSK or ISDB-T complete with Shannon Error coding. Using mathematics that only Lawrence understands, I can extend it to a plane, a 3D space, and up to a 4D space time. The universe is not a crystal. It's an endpoint to enpoint collections of vibrating strings that provides all of the states necessary for momentum and position. You and I are just collections of so many of thing strings in excited states; are you excited yet?

I know I have one universe. Can I squeeze a second universe into this? Can I have regions, using shannon error coding, with additional stable universes that we don't even notice? I haven't quite solved the standard space/hyperspace intervible dual-space, but I'm working on it.

[deleted]

Dear Ray,

I think I like the idea of using a Mobius strip idea to construct a dual space. If an H4 with a 120 roots represents these Schwartzchilde sphere, maybe using a Mobius strip idea to construct a deliberate Mobius defect in an E8, we can squeeze in there a standard space on one side and a hyperspace on the other. I'm trying to accomplish that dual space that I mentioned earlier. I'm not entirely sure I agree with the crystal interpretation. Why can't a Bohr atom interpretation work just as well? The lowest energy waves actuall cross the entire universe, the n=2 waves cross half way across the universe, etc. By doing it this way, we get away from the awkwardness of tesselation for a Big Bang. The Big Bang is more suitable for hugely energetic events which is completely different from tesselation. Tesselation implies unchanging orderliness. By using a Bohr atom idea where the waves actaull cross the entire universe at the lowest energy level, the universe is allowed to expand or contract as it must. There would be no need for descibing an explosion using H4 or E8 bricks to describe some kind of masonry or crystal.

Lawrence Crowell

Triality with exceptional groups occurs with the Jordan algebra. In that case you get three 8's, one for the vector term and the other two for the SUSY representations and their conjugates. This is sort of what got Lisi under some degree of criticism. There is no triality in E_8.

There is the issue of the Atlas collaboration to classify the roots of E_8 according to the Lusztig-Vogan polynomials for exceptional groups. This was a massive effor to find the 696729600 distinct representations of the E_8. The matter of associating particles to roots of a Lie algebra is to find the irreducible representation of the algebra.

The E_8 contains 248 roots, of which we can assign the 120 dimensional subalgebra so(16) with generators J_{ij} and the Weyl-Majorana algebra of generators L_a of spinors spin(16). The so916) obeys

[J_{ij}, J_{kl}] = δ_{jk}J_{il} - δ_{jl}J_{ik} - δ_{ik}J_{jl} δ_{il}J_{jk}

[L_a, L_b] = γ^{[i}_{ac}γ^{j]}_{cb}J_{ij}

and the cross commutators between the two are

[J_{ij}, L_a] = (1/4)γ_{[i}γ_{j]}_{ab}L_b.

The point in mentioning this is the E_8xE_8 is under M-theory mapped to the SO(32) for open strings. The J^3(O) model I am setting up here is for closed string which is the N = 8 supergravity multiplet. The duality which maps the closed string to open, eg T-duality or the physics I start out with in my paper on string in black holes, is a transformation of the supergravity multiplet to gauge-Dirac field multiplets. It is here that you end up with the quarks, gluons and ... .

Cheers LC

[deleted]

Hi Ray.

The unification of gravity and electromagnetism/light occupies the center (and best) position with regard to improving our understanding of physics in general. I agree with the geometrical approach -- the mathematically proven outcome in a fourth dimension of space -- as it has unified gravity and electromagnetism/light.

To unify gravity and electromagnetism/light fundamentally and comprehensively, balancing/unifying scale by demonstrating gravity as repulsive and attractive AS electromagnetic energy/light is required. It is critical to demonstrate electromagnetic energy/light as gravitational space. The unification/balancing/inclusion of both invisible and visible space is central to:

1) Balancing/unifying scale and...

2) Balancing attraction and repulsion in conjunction with space manifesting both gravititationally and electromagnetically. Think wave/particle.

These ideas need to be applied to atomic structure/interactions, and to electromagnetism/light and gravity generally. How space manifests as electromagnetic/gravitational energy is a central and very valuable physical idea.

[deleted]

Dear Jason,

Your ideas are interesting, but you have pushed beyond my understanding of the warp drive problem. I don't understand how spacetime and hyperspace interact. At the TOE, these two different types of space were united, but the Big Bang and Inflation "collapsed" their common lattice. If the original 12-D strings disassociated into branes, and formed closed loops of strings within these branes, then we have to find places where we can break and reform strings that connect spacetime and hyperspace. The only event I can think of might be a Black Hole. It would be interesting if we could use H4 to manipulate E8.

Dear Lawrence,

I know that G2 and triality are also important to your work. This was part of why I explained it to Jason recently. Some of the quantum numbers assigned to the particles in this lattice are already known: color, hypercharge and weak isospin. I renamed T_3 into T_3L because we get right-handed interactions from Hyperflavor.

Dear Frank,

There are interesting similarities and differences between electromagnetism and gravity. Both seem to be infinite-ranged (zero mass propagator boson) inverse-distance-squared forces. In Electroweak Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, B, W, and Scalar states mix to form massive Z, W's , Higgs, and a massless photon. Without this mixing of states, would we have a massless photon? It's funny that many theories assume "massless particles" and then use interactions with the Higgs boson to make them massive, but I observe that most particles are massive (even including right-handed neutrinos) and it is more amazing that anything is massless. I think the massless photon defines space and time.

Similarly, Section 5.5 of my book proposes the idea that there may have been a mixing of gravitationally-related tensor bosons to create a massless graviton. Does this massless graviton likewise define the gravity-brane?

But there are differences as well. The photon is a spin-1 vector-boson that has been discovered in our spacetime and has understandable properties in terms of hypercharge. We expect the graviton to be a spin-2 tensor-boson that has not been discovered, nor have we uncovered the mysteries of quantum gravity to understand its related charge(s).

Most people expect gravity to be strictly attractive. I expect Gravity to be related to my WIMP-Gravity (just like Weak is related to my Hyperflavor). WIMP-Gravity might have attractive and repulsive components (just like Hyperflavor has left-, right- and mixed-handed interactions).

I agree that wave-particle duality is relevant. My simplices imply a lattice formed from close-packing spheres. The inverse lattice forms vectors that represent strings (or stringy-branes). Thus wave-particle duality also implies sphere-string duality. I keep telling Steve Dufourny that he needs to publish his Spherical GUT Theory, but it seems to be the size of a mega-thesis.

I don't fully understand how spacetime and hyperspace connect and/ or interact. Jason, Lawrence and I have had many discussions, but I'm not sure we have made much progress.

Good luck in your research. A unification of Electromagnetism and Gravity is a Dream for many of us.

Have Fun!

Ray Munroe

[deleted]

Hi all ,

Jason the creative ,sure with your creativity ,you are going to find many interesting things .

Your creativity is instantaneous .Surprising and relevant .

Personally,let's imagine if w could become light ,and after we repolarise the gravity system with its codes .It's perhaps the secret ,becoming light and re encode the systems at the chosem place ,thus the most important is the topology and the coded since 13.7 billions years .

An other idea before the check of this technology is a spherical field system .Two systems one for the propulsion and one for the spherical shield with a balance of gravity thus ,the forces must be balanced .

The spherical field is the key thus for physical travel .But like say Lawrence ,it's lethal and expensive at this moment ,furthermore our technology is so young .But some roads are possible .

Thanks all for your imagination and ideas .

Don't stop .

Best Regards

Steve

[deleted]

Steve,

Thank you for your encouragement. It really does help.

Ray,

I've been looking at that heterotic E8xE8. Lawrence believes we can get by with just E8 or even H4. I'm fine with that. I just don't see how they can be stacked like a crystal, like atoms. It just doesn't fit the Big Bang picture.

I want to give you a better idea of how standard space and hyperspace interact. It still is a good idea to have a real/reciprecal crystal to account for position and momentum. Just to kick some ideas around, what happens if we say that the entire universe is a single E8 or H4. Can it be like a fractal in which the whole universe is duplicated at smaller scales? Just some ideas. I'll try to come up with something a little better in the next day or two.

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