Dear Lawrence,
Does physics need ZFC, NGB, NF, or the like? In order to understand Hilbert's intention you might read Fraenkel 1923 where Fraenkel himself admitted that Cantor's definition of a set, which is by the way still in use, is untenable and cannot be corrected. In order realize that there are no genuine achievements, read Fraenkel's Foundations of Set Theory half a century later.
If something edifies you, it teaches you something useful or interesting. Is aleph_2 useful?
While I do not share Florin Moldoveanu's approach, I read with a grin:
"by Goedel's incompleteness theorem, mathematics is infinite and there is no universal axiomatization of mathematics." If I recall correctly, M. mentioned J. Rau (2007?) in the discussion. Such criticism was not the first one and will not be the last one. Poincaré called set theory a an illness. I guess: Mathematics as a whole is too narrow minded and too self confident as to find the way out. In other words: One has to abandon the belief that an Euclidean point can under all circumstances be exactly attributed to a numerical order.
Read my essay twice. Limitation to 10 pages caused me to select only a few arguments that should nonetheless be sufficient to show that Cantor's naive set theory , Dedekind's axiom of continuity, Zermelo's evidence of Wohlordnung based on the exhaustion of the inexhaustible, etc. were nothing but a failed attempt to deny that countable and uncountable complement each other.
I agree with you that transfinite numbers, least inaccessible cardinals and the like are at least unlikely to contribute anything to realism in physics.
Conversely, I tried to cautiously indicate that, for instance, v. Neumann's problems with Hilbert space relate to Cantor's arbitrary redefinition of the notion infinity. I am arguing: Mathematics has to offer what naturally fits to reality, including sound physics, not vice versa. In that cheeky attitude I feel inspired by Oliver Heaviside, Zenon, and Buridan.
Somehow forbid all paradoxes? I consider paradoxes the raw material of science. Let's rather forbid arbitrariness including set theory. Hopefully, this will purify physics too.
Regards,
Eckard