Essay Abstract

The photon is used to physically probe and trace the discrete, digital, dynamic nature of x4 as the quantum nature of physical measurement is examined, while the foundational papers of Planck, Bohr, Heisenberg, et al. are exalted, lead by Einstein's statement that physics "starts from experience and ends in it." In its simplest case, a photon oscillates while propagating at c as a probabilistic wave-front expanding through the three spatial dimensions in a spherically-symmetric manner, as demonstrated by the classic double-slit experiment, leading to the natural conclusion that x4, in which the photon remains stationary according to relativity, must thusly be oscillating and propagating at c as a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront. Relativity informs us that all of a photon's motion is through the three spatial dimensions, thusly dictating that the timeless, ageless photon remains stationary in the fourth dimension x4. As electromagnetic radiation (the photon) is quantized, while there is no evidence for quantum gravity, we may conclude that x4 is quantized and digital in nature, while the three spatial dimensions are continuous and analog in nature. qp-pq=iħ (Born & Heisenberg) and x4=ict or dx4/dt=ic (Einstein & Minkowski) are fundamental relationships of QM and relativity. Both equations have differentials on the left and an i on the right, as Bohr noted, suggesting that a foundational change is occurring in a "perpendicular" manner, implying a fourth moving dimension. qp-pq = iħ reflects the discrete increment and quantum action--ħ --that emerges from the dynamic, discretely parceled space-time geometry born by the discrete wavelength of x4's expansion; while dx4/dt=ic, from which relativity and its postulates derive, sets the velocity of the expansion of x4 to c. A physical model encompassing both Einstein's "elementary foundations" of relativity and Schrodinger's "characteristic trait" of QM--entanglement--is presented.

Author Bio

In high school, theoretical physicist Dr. Elliot McGucken received the Bausch & Lomb Science Award, the William Tenney Scholar-Athlete Award, and the Judith Resnik Memorial Scholarship which helped him attend Princeton University. Dr. E's Ph.D. research titled "Multiple unit artificial retina chipset to aid the visually impaired and enhanced holed-emitter CMOS phototransistors" received several Fight for Sight and NSF grants, as well as a Merrill Lynch Innovations award. The late J.A. Wheeler wrote, "More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student."

  • [deleted]

Dear Dr. E.

Congratulations on having the essay with longest title submitted so far :)

Seriously, I have read and enjoyed your essay regarding your MDT of which I am somewhat familiar from "The Nature of Time" essay contest and I have a few questions.

First, is the expansion of the fourth dimension fundamental or is it secondary to the expansion of the universe? While I agree that your MDT is intriguing, it seems to me that local space and time must evolve with an expanding universe (see my essay and Dr. Cristian Corda's essay as we have reach many of the same conclusions)

Second, I commend you on your relevant use of quotes by the masters of the subject, but Peter Jackson has used some quite good ones by both Einstein and Minkowski in his essay which are:

Albert Einstein considered that there was not just one 'space' but that all mass is 'spatially extended' saying; "Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept "empty space" loses its meaning." [11] Indeed, when considering SR, Minkowski first introduced the concept of discrete spaces in 1909 "Then from here on, we would no longer have space in the world, but endlessly many spaces;" Einstein embraced this for his field based General Relativity (GR), but, it appears never evaluated it in terms of SR. Considering unified fields he said in 1952; "The concept of space as something existing objectively and independent of things belongs to pre-scientific thought, but not so the idea of the existence of an infinite number of spaces in motion relatively to each other."

I interpret these quotes to mean that cosmological spacetime is the superposition of all of the local spacetimes. Is this how you would interpret them, and if so doesn't your MDT have to be modified for cosmology?

Thanks in advance for your reply,

Dan

Thanks Dan,

Is there any evidence for local space and time evolving as the universe expands?

Yes--dx4/dt=ic is the *fundamental* expansion of the universe, as well as the universe's fundamental invariant, setting both c and ħ. While we are not quite sure if space itself is expanding, we can be 100% sure that x4 is expanidng relative to the three spatial dimensions at c. Do you agree with the MDT proofs?

Simple, logical proofs of MDT:

MDT PROOF#1: Relativity tells us that a timeless, ageless photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension. Quantum mechanics tells us that a photon propagates as a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront at the velocity of c. Ergo, the fourth dimension must be expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, in a spherically-symmetric manner. The expansion of the fourth dimension is the source of nonlocality, entanglement, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, c, relativity, entropy, free will, and all motion, change, and measurement, for no measurement can be made without change. For the first time in the history of relativity, change has been wedded to the fundamental fabric of spacetime in MDT.

MDT PROOF#2: Einstein (1912 Man. on Rel.) and Minkowski wrote x4=ict. Ergo dx4/dt=ic.

MDT PROOF#3: The only way to stay stationary in the three spatial dimensions is to move at c through the fourth dimension. The only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is moving at c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

MDT twitter proof (limited to 140 characters): SR: photon is stationary in 4th dimension. QM: photon is probability wave expanding @ c. Ergo: 4th dimension expands @ c & MDT: dx4/dt=ic -from http://twitter.com/45surf

You quote Einstein: "The concept of space as something existing objectively and independent of things belongs to pre-scientific thought, but not so the idea of the existence of an infinite number of spaces in motion relatively to each other."

Yes!!! Dimensions move relative to one another! This happens all the time as planets, stars, and galaxies hurl through space, bending and curving the space around them. Moving Dimensions Theory takes this a tiny step further, as Einstein already showed the dimensions curve, bend, and move, "possessing motion relative to one-another,"--all MDT does is posit that the fourth dimension is moving at c--expanding at c--relative to the three spatial dimensions. And all of a sudden we have a foundational, physical model for quantum mechanics, relativity, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, entanglement, nonlocality, entropy, and GR.

You would also enjoy this paper:

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/511

Over the past few decades prominent physicists have noted that physics has diverged away from its heroic journey defined by boldly describing, fathoming, and characterizing foundational truths of physical reality via simple, elegant, logically-consistent postulates and equations humbling themselves before empirical reality. Herein the spirit of physics is again exalted by the heroic words of the Greats--by Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, Planck, Einstein, Bohr, and Schrodinger--the Founding Fathers upon whose shoulders physics stands. And from that pinnacle, a novel physical theory is proposed, complete with a novel physical model celebrating a hitherto unsung universal invariant and an equation reflecting the foundational physical reality of a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, or dx4/dt=ic, providing both the "elementary foundations" for relativity and QM's "characteristic trait"--entanglement, and its nonlocal, probabilistic nature. From MDT's experimentally-verified equation relativity is derived while time is unfrozen and free will exalted, while a physical model accounting for quantum nonlocality is presented. Entropy, Huygens' Principle; the wave/particle, energy/mass, space/time, and E/B dualities; and time and all its arrows and asymmetries emerge from a common, foundational physical model. MDT exalts Einstein's "empirical facts," "naturalness," and "logical simplicity." For the first time in the history of relativity, change is woven into the fabric of space-time, and the timeless, ageless, nonlocal photon of Galileo's/Einstein's "empirical world" is explained via a foundational physical model, alongside the fact that c is both constant and the maximum velocity in the universe. The empirical GPS clocks' time dilation/twins paradox is resolved by proposing a frame of absolute rest--the three spatial dimensions, and a frame of absolute motion--the fourth expanding dimension upon which ageless photons of zero rest mass surf; which underlie and give rise to Einstein's Principle of Relativity.

Hope this helps answer your questions! If not, please do ask more!

Best,

Dr. E :)

Dear Dr. E

I enjoyed reading your paper, getting the feel of what you are saying, but not quite convinced of the necessity of invoking yet another 'entity' x4 (you say it is not a dimension and not (t). It feels right that you have conjoined the basic equations of relativity and quantum mechanics. However I could not but feel (that word again!) that even a more basic theoretical deconstruction / reconstruction (I am using the words as antonyms, not in the usual sense) is possible in order to unite the quantum and relativistic worlds. I have explained my own unproven intuitions about such a process at length in my earlier 2005 Beautiful Universe paper on which my present fqxi paper is based.

I wish I had your competence and combination of disciplined eduction and contact with such inspiring teachers, but I tried my best to explain a model that has yet to face the full blast of critical evaluation by experts such as yourself. You will probably dislike my reverse-engineering the concepts of flexible space-time and probability and finding them superfluous. I tried to "start all over" from Planck and Lorentz armed with the gift of hindsight of a century's worth of hard-won results in physics.

Wishing you all the best and kind regards. Vladimir

Dear Vladimir,

Thank you very much for your words!

No, no, no, no! I am not introducing "a new entity" x4!

x4 is very present in Einstein's 1912 Manuscript on Relativity (which I suggest everyone read), where Einstein/Minkowski write x4=ict. MDT agrees entirely with the mathematics of Einstein's relativity, while also weaving change into the foundational fabric of spacetime for the first time in the history of relativity.

I am merely taking x4=ict to its natural conclusion: dx4/dt=ic--which provides the fundamental foundations for relativity that Einstein yet sought, while also providing the foundations for Schrodinger's entanglement, as well as entropy, the quantum, Huygens' Principle and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, and time and all its arrows and asymmetries. :)

Please check out my earlier papers:

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/511

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/238

Please also see the attached paper, which presents the above two in a longer form with some extra information.

And please feel free to ask any and all questions!

Thanks & Best,

Dr. Elliot McGuckenAttachment #1: j.a.wheeler_recommendation_for_dr._elliot_mcgucken.jpg

Well, it gave me another error, so I uploaded it to Google Documents:

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_8RHWGbDHkRYzY1MDU1MTMtNTIzMi00MzJiLTgwMDMtNTUyZDhlYzRhZDhi&hl=en&authkey=CO7ysLYI

You can read it there!

If that doesn't work, let me know!

And you can read this too:

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/511

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/238

Have fun!

Dr. Elliot McGucken

Dear Dr.Elliot McGucken,

The x4's expansion theory is not consistent and cannot explain quantum phenomena. For example, you say that ''x4 must thus be propagating at c'', whereas in EPR paradox measurements performed on spatially separated parts of a quantum system can apparently have an instantaneous influence on one another. Thus, since x4 must be propagating at c, it cannot explain non-local phenomena.

Since ''a photon remains stationary in x4'', but massive particles are NOT stationary in x4, then, according to your theory, photons must behave differently than massive particles, i.e. the strength of quantum behavior of photons must be greater than for massive particles, that is NOT confirmed by experiment. Also, the strength of quantum behavior would depend on the concentration of photons in space - that is NOT confirmed by experiment and everyday life.

You write - ''discrete nature of all energy and measurement, whose discreteness arises from the discrete geometry created via x4's expansion''. Please explain how can x4's expansion of photons influence the spacetime geometry.

You write - ''Space is continuous (analog)'' Space cannot be analog; the existence of distance fluctuation between bodies is a proof that space is discrete. The experimental detection of spacetime foam will be another proof that space is digital.

You write - ''Gravity is Continuous (Analog)'' - gravity cannot be analog; there are fast fluctuations of geometry at small scales which can be explained by Quantum effects of Gravitation only, because gravitation only is responsible for spacetime geometry.

Sincerely,

Constantin

Dear Contantin,

dx4/dt=ic is the source of nonlocality and entanglement.

dx4/dt=ic smears locality into nonlocality at the rate of c.

please see the final figure in this paper on page #9:

http://www.fqxi.org/data/essay-contest-files/McGucken_What_is_Ultimately_8.pdf

i have also attached it below for your conveniece.

note that entangled particles must begin by being in contact with one-another, and also, their entanglement never grows by more than c. this is because dx4/dt=ic is the foundational physics underlying entanglement--the expansion of the fourth dimension is the mechanism that gives rise to nonlocality, as well as relativity, the quantum, entropy, and time and all its arrows and asymmetries.

photons do behave differently than massive particles--they move at the velocity c and they do not age, unlike massive particles.

x4's expands in units of the planck length. this physical wavelength carves planck-length waves/partitions/corpuscles in spacetime.

while space and gravity are continuous (as nobody has ever seen a graviton nor an atom of space), measurements of space and distance may exhibit quantum properties, as measurement relies on the propagation of photons and photons are quantized, as they are mass surfing the fourth dimension which is quantized via the discrete, invariant length lp--the wavelength of its epxansion.

thanks for your feedback & questions! i hope my answers help!

best,

dr. e :)Attachment #1: McGucken_What_is_Ultimately_8.pdf

Dear Dr.Elliot McGucken,

It is not correct. My question was - since photons move at the velocity c, then photons remains stationary in x4, but massive particles are Not stationary in x4. Consequently the behavior of photons must be different than of massive particles in the sense of QUANTUM BEHAVIOR. And your answer is not logic - because photons move at the velocity c, therefore photons do behave differently than massive particles --they move at the velocity c and they do not age, unlike massive particles. It is not the answer.

''dx4/dt=ic is the source of nonlocality and entanglement''. These words proves nothing, you must show in detail how entanglement and nonlocality works. And how photons can curve the spacetime ''discrete geometry created via x4's expansion''.

Sincerely

Constantin

Dear Constantin,

Massive particles have energy--they are abuzz with photons. Mass and energy are the same thing as E=mc^2. Ergo it is reasonable to expect that photons and mass behave in similar manners. But too, unlike mass, photons are timeless and they travel at the velocity c.

dx4/dt=ic is the source of nonlocality and entanglement--these words prove everything regardidng the source of nonlocality and entanglement. nonlocality derives from the nonlocality of the fourth dimension, which is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. this expansion distributes locality into nonlocality, as evidenced by the double-slit experiment in figure 1 of my above new paper, as well as in figure 1 on page 9 of my previous paper:

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/511

you do agree with the proof that x4 is expanding at c?

Simple, logical proofs of MDT:

MDT PROOF#1: Relativity tells us that a timeless, ageless photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension. Quantum mechanics tells us that a photon propagates as a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront at the velocity of c. Ergo, the fourth dimension must be expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, in a spherically-symmetric manner. The expansion of the fourth dimension is the source of nonlocality, entanglement, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, c, relativity, entropy, free will, and all motion, change, and measurement, for no measurement can be made without change. For the first time in the history of relativity, change has been wedded to the fundamental fabric of spacetime in MDT.

MDT PROOF#2: Einstein (1912 Man. on Rel.) and Minkowski wrote x4=ict. Ergo dx4/dt=ic.

MDT PROOF#3: The only way to stay stationary in the three spatial dimensions is to move at c through the fourth dimension. The only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is moving at c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

MDT twitter proof (limited to 140 characters): SR: photon is stationary in 4th dimension. QM: photon is probability wave expanding @ c. Ergo: 4th dimension expands @ c & MDT: dx4/dt=ic -from http://twitter.com/45surf

    • [deleted]

    Dear Dr. Elliot McGucken,

    Having arrived myself at the question why ict and ih might be imaginary, I would like to support you as follows:

    Regards,

    Eckard

    • [deleted]

    Dear Dr. Elliot McGucken,

    You wrote:The only way to stay stationary in the three spatial dimensions is to move at c through the fourth dimension. The only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at c through the three spatial dimensions.

    You cannot MOVE at c through the time (fourth dimension), because it is not space, but it is TIME. Time is not a geometrical dimension like the three spatial dimensions, therefore the notion of SPEED does not have sense for TIME. Therefore your proposition "to move at c through the fourth dimension' is senseless.

    If you want to see how nonlocality and entanglement works, please see my page

    Regards

    Constantin

    Dear Constantin,

    I agree with you that, "Time is not a geometrical dimension like the three spatial dimensions."

    TIME is not the fourth dimension!

    Time, as measured on our clocks and watches is an emergent scalar. I say as much in my paper!

    Please see page 8!

    http://fqxi.org/data/essay-contest-files/McGucken_Dr._Elliot_McGucke_7.pdf

    Time travel would be possible were time x4, but time, as measured on our watches, is not a dimension, but rather it is an emergent scalar that arises from the fact x4 is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in a quantized manner. Schrodinger wrote, ―The world extended in space and time is but our representation, and Wheeler echoed this with, ―The four-dimensional space-time manifold is only a fabrication, only a theory.

    Yes! The t axis, when drawn on a space-time diagram, is a purely mathematical construct, but the past and future do not exist, even though one may measure someone's past in the present or the future as distant photons take time to propagate. Never does Einstein say that tis x4, but rather he writes x4=ict, and t and ict are very different entities. As t increments, so must x4. As clocks are based on physical change, and as change requires the propagation of energy, physical change and clocks thus rest upon the motion of x4, upon which energy and photons propagate. So it is that time inherited properties and characteristics of x4 in the equations of relativity, but time, as a scalar quantity measured on our clocks, ought not be confused with the actual fourth dimension, which is a physical entity expanding at c relative to the three spatial dimensions as a spherically-symmetric wave-front with a wavelength of lp.

    5. MDT Rescues Godel, Einstein, and Time

    P. Yourgrau writes: "Godel was quick to point out that if we can revisit the past, it never really ―passed. But a time that fails to pass is no time at all. Einstein saw at once that if Godel was right, he had not merely domesticated time: he had killed it. . . . But now something amazing took place: nothing. . . A conspiracy of silence descended on the Einstein-Godel friendship and its scientific consequences. Indeed, the great Godel is oft not cited in contemporary treatises on time, as sure as physics' Founding Fathers are forgotten in treatises on reality, but dx4/dt=ic saves the day by showing that both Godel and Einstein are right. Godel showed how Einstein's interpretation of relativity froze time, and MDT's dx4/dt=ic unfreezes time, weaving change into the fundamental fabric of space-time for the first time in the history of relativity, while also providing the fundamental foundation for all of relativity which Einstein yet sought, as well as entropy and entanglement.

    • [deleted]

    Dear Dr. E,

    Are you aware that the book Gravitation by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler has on pg. 51 a Box 2.1 entitled Farewell to "ict" in which I quote:

    "... with x4=ict, no one has discovered a way to make an imaginary coordinate work in the general curved spacetime manifold. If "x4=ict" cannot be used there, it will not be used here."

    Have you discovered a way to make an imaginary coordinate work in the general curved spacetime manifold or do you deny that general curved spacetime manifolds are important to General Relativity?

    Dear Anonymous,

    Yes I have that book and I know that box!

    GR acknowledges the orthogonality of the fourth dimension, so there is no need for the i.

    Consider taking the square root of 1. An i pops out, representing an orthogonality! If we were to plot this, it would be one unit up the y axis on a 2D x-y graph.

    However, we can begin with a 2D x-y graph and make a mark at (0,1). No need for i! And yet the y axis is orthogonal to the x axis.

    I hope this helps! Basically, an i represents an orthogonality.

    Niels Bohr remarked on the curious appearance of the i in quantum mechanics and relativity! qp-pq=iħ and dx4/dt=ic are fundamental equations of QM and relativity. The first equation reflects the discrete increment and quantum action--ħ--in which x4 is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, and the second equation, from which relativity and its postulates derive, sets the velocity of the expansion of x4 to c. Note the differentials on the left side of the equations, suggesting the fundamental, foundational change from where time and all of its arrows and asymmetries arise, and the i on the right hand side of both equations, which reflects the perpendicular nature of the change relative to our three spatial dimensions, thusly requiring an x4 moving relative to the three spatial dimensions. When one is solving equations and an i appears, it represents an orthogonality. As both QM and relativity were brought forth in the context of the three spatial dimensions, the i emerged, representing x4. Bohr made note of the curious occurrence of i in QM and relativity

    xxxvii

    Notwithstanding all differences between the physical problems which have given rise to the development of relativity theory and quantum theory, respectively, a comparison of purely logical aspects of relativistic and complementary argumentation reveals striking similarities . . . Even the formalisms, which in both theories within their scope offer adequate means of comprehending all conceivable experience, exhibit deep-going analogies. In fact, the astounding simplicity of the generalization of classical physical theories, which are obtained by the use of multidimensional geometry and non-commutative algebra, respectively, rests in both cases essentially on the introduction of the conventional symbol sqrt(-1).

    As both QM and relativity naturally emerge from the quantized expansion of x4, both QM and relativity needed the notion of i--representing a moving x4 perpendicular to our three spatial dimensions(dx4/dt=ic). Both relativity and QM deal with realms not always obvious--the very fast, the very large, and the very small, and as both fields advanced, both required--in Bohr's words, ―not directly visualisable symbolism.‖ Both relativity and QM exalted i--the notion of x4 which was not quite as obvious the three spatial dimensions. And now, we see that x4 is moving and expanding in a quantized manner. dx4/dt=ic and pq-qp=iħ offer the foundational bedrock of all QM and relativity--a fact I touched in the concluding words to an appendix to my 1998 physics Ph.D. dissertation xxxviii with: ―As physics concerns itself at all levels with changes relative to both space and time, it makes sense that all physics, time, motion, reality, life, and consciousness itself are founded upon a stage which is endowed with intrinsic motion. The underlying fabric of all realty, the dimensions themselves, are moving relative to one another.‖ iħ represents the discrete unit of x4's expansion, and ic represents its invariant velocity.

    Best,

    Dr. E :)

    The above should read:

    "Consider taking the square root of -1. An i pops out, representing an orthogonality!"

    :)

    23 days later

    Dear Dr. McGucken,

    In "A World Without Quanta" I mathematically derive Planck's Law without using energy quanta or statistics. This derivation shows that Planck's Law is an exact mathematical identity that describes the interaction of measurement. I argue that this fact alone explains why the experimental blackbody spectrum is indistinguishable from the theory. Please review this significant result and comment if you could.

    All the best,

    Constantinos

    • [deleted]

    Dear Dr. McGucken,

    I found your essay innovative and interesting.Your way of reconciling digital with analog is quite different from mine's. So please, go thro' my article and see how the reconciliation is done there.

    Regards and good luck

    Sreenath B N.

    6 years later

    Greetings Friends!

    Would love to send you free review copies of my new books on Light Time Dimension Theory (LTD Theory):

    https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06X93RKSY/ref=serie

    s_rw_dp_sw

    Email me at astrophysicsmath@gmail.com and I will send you a free review copy. Thanks & best!

    Dr. Elliot McGucken

    Would love to do a podcast for FQXI on how LTD Theory stemmed from working with J.A. Wheeler on the nature of time, entanglement, and general relativity!

    Simply put, the fabric of spacetime, relativity, quantum probability, nonlocality, and entanglement, and the asymmetry of time were all *PHYSICALLY* REAL in Wheeler's office, and any foundational physics would have to account and exalt all these phenomena.

    And that is what LTD Theory does. (have fun browsing the below books--I am happy to answer any questions)

    LTD Theory is that "simple, unifying idea" which Wheeler sought.

    Would love to describe what it was like working with Wheeler, Nobel Laureate Joseph Taylor, and PJE Peebles on the foundations of quantum mechanics!

    Best,

    Elliot

    ---------- Forwarded message ----------

    From: Dr. Elliot McGucken

    Date: Wed, Mar 1, 2017 at 7:25 PM

    Subject: Article proposal for FQXI: New books from J.A. Wheeler's former Princeton student!

    To: "Dr. Elliot McGucken"

    Greetings FQXI!

    LTD Theory's Postulate: The fourth dimension is expanding at c relative to the three spatial dimensions.: dx4/dt=ic

    I would love to pen an article for you based on my four books pertaining to LTD Theory, which were based on my fqxi essays pertaining to Moving Dimensions Theory.

    As far as I can tell:

    1) nobody else has published four books pertaining to their essays (let alone a single book)

    2) nobody else has yet presented a simple postulate, principle, nor equation

    3) nobody has offered a proof of their principle nor postulate

    4) nobody else was ever as highly recommended as I was by the legendary J.A. Wheeler

    5) nobody else has answered close to as many foundational questions as LTD Theory has answered. And too, even more importantly, nobody has ASKED as many foundational questions as LTD Theory has.

    6) Nobody else healed the blind with their physics Ph.D. dissertation.

    Enjoy the four books on LTD Theory below! I would be happy to write an article of any length for you! Please let me know how many words and figures you would prefer!

    BEst,

    Dr. Elliot McGucken

    Inline image 1

    https://www.amazon.com/Light-Time-Dimension-Theory-Foundati

    onal-ebook/dp/B01KP8XGQ6/

    Regarding the award-winning physicist Dr. Elliot McGucken at Princeton University, the late John Archibald Wheeler stated, "More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet."

    LTD Theory's Postulate: The fourth dimension is expanding at c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

    Proof:

    1. Every entity has a velocity of c through the three spatial dimensions.

    2. All observers agree that a photon has a velocity of c through the three spatial dimensions.

    3. If a photon had any velocity component through the fourth dimension, its velocity would be other than c, which is impossible.

    4. Ergo the velocity of the photon is zero through the fourth dimension.

    5. Thus, a photon provides a tracer and tracker of the movement and character of the fourth dimension.

    6. The fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c,as is also seen in Minkowski's x4=ict (dx4/dt=ic) from which all of relativity may be derived from the invariance of the Minkowski spacetime metric. Thus the expansion of the fourth dimension naturally leads to all of relativity.

    7. The expansion of the fourth dimension is the foundational cause of quantum nonlocality and thus its probability, as a photon has an equal chance of being found anywhere upon a sphere expanding at the rate of c, which is exactly how the expansion of x4 manifests itself.

    8. The one-way expansion of the forth dimension provides the foundational asymmetry for time and all its arrows, as well as the second law of thermodynamics.

    Thus LTD Theory's simple, foundational, physical model grants us time and all its arrows and asymmetries alongside all of relativity and quantum mechanics.

    I thought you might enjoy my new books unifying quantum mechanics and relativity with a foundational, physical model. If you would like a free review copy of any or all four books, please do let me know!

    Inline image 1

    https://www.amazon.com/Light-Time-Dimension-Theory-Foundati

    onal-ebook/dp/B01KP8XGQ6/

    Regarding the award-winning physicist Dr. Elliot McGucken at Princeton University, the late John Archibald Wheeler stated, "More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet."

    Dr. E would go on to heal the blind with his NSF-funded, award-winning Ph.D. dissertation which also laid down the foundations of Light Time Dimension Theory. Over the years, LTD Theory added foundational *physical* postulates, principles, and equations en route to becoming numerous books, with this one forming the simple, illustrated introduction.

    In this commonsense volume penned for the layman and advanced scientist alike, Dr. E's LTD Theory provides a unifying, foundational *physical* model underlying relativity, quantum mechanics, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, and the second law of thermodynamics. The detailed diagrams demonstrate that the great mysteries of quantum mechanical nonlocality, entanglement, and probability naturally arise from the very same principle that fosters relativity alongside light's constant velocity, the equivalence of mass and energy, and time dilation.

    One fine afternoon while Dr. E was lunching with J.A. Wheeler at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), a bespectacled gentleman joined them. Wheeler introduced the fellow as Ed Witten--one of the leading pioneers of string theory and inventor of M-theory. Dr. E had been contemplating pursuing string theory, but there were some finer details he could not wrap his head around. "Great!" Dr. E thought to himself, "This guy can help me along my odyssey!"

    So halfway through lunch Dr. E asked Dr. Witten, "What are string theory's postulates, principles, and equations?"

    Witten thought about it, smiled, and said, that well, it depended on who you asked, and well, it was a young theory.

    So Dr. E followed up with, "When do you think string theory might get postulates, principles, and equations?" Ed stopped smiling.

    And so, instead of studying string theory, Dr. E pursued LTD Theory on that "road less taken," healing the blind along the way with his award-winning dissertation titled Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset to Aid the Visually Impaired and Enhanced CMOS Phototransistors. In the latter part of the dissertation, Dr. E placed the first iteration of LTD Theory, born of his days studying with the great PJE Peebles, Nobel Laureate Joseph Taylor, and J.A. Wheeler. Like Einstein and Feynman, they were all rugged, kind, intense men who valued hands-on physics and *physical* reality over mere math and mysticism--over spurious speculation and outlandish hype.

    Unlike string theory, inflation, and multiverse mania, LTD Theory is a *physical* theory in the spirit of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, and Einstein. At Princeton Dr. E learned to think of the geometry of spacetime as a physical entity which could bend, curve, and move. He learned to think of the photon as a real, physical entity described as probabilistic, spherically-symmetric wavefront expanding at velocity c. Dr. E learned to think of entanglement as a real, *physical* effect connecting distant entities in an instantaneous relationship, and he learned to think of the second law of thermodynamics not as a mere mathematical formula, but as a foundational, physical law governing the universe. And by thinking of these diverse phenomena in terms of *physical* pictures, Dr. E conceived of LTD Theory--the simple, physical model common to them all.

    How do light, time, the quantum, and relativity all emerge from LTD Theory? Enjoy this epic odyssey as you realize the deeper, foundational, unifying, *physical* model! And too, the book is graced with Dr. E's fine art landscape photography offering a parallel *physical* celebration of light and time.

    https://www.amazon.com/Relativity-Quantum-Mechanics-Uni

    fied-Pictures-ebook/dp/B01N2BCAWO/

    Inline image 2

    J.A. Wheeler: More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet . . . I say this on the basis of close contacts with him over the past year and a half. . .(. -J.A. Wheeler, Princeton's Joseph Henry Professor of Physics )

    Arthur Schopenhauer: Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius hits a target no one else can see.

    Bernard Baruch: Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the one who asked why.

    Albert Szent-Györgyi: Genius is seeing what everyone else sees and thinking what no one else has thought.

    Steve Jobs: Think different.

    Early on in the book, a most simple, remarkable, revolutionary drawing is shared. The figure is Sir Isaac Newton's revolutionary drawing of a cannonball being fired off a mountaintop at the North Pole. The drawing depicts what happens as the cannonball is fired with higher and higher velocities. At first, the cannonball lands fairly close to the cannon. Then, with a higher velocity, it lands farther away upon the earth's curved surface. Ultimately, as Newton's figure shows, if the cannonball is fired with a great enough velocity, it will orbit the earth and return to point on the mountaintop from whence it began. Via a simple drawing, Newton showed that the same force which draws objects to the earth can also keep objects in orbit. And so it is that Newton's famous theory and law of universal gravitation was born.

    The Greeks, from Pythagoras on down, knew the earth was round. They also knew that objects fell towards the earth. Thus Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle could have drawn Newton's figure. Bruno or Copernicus could have drawn it. Galileo could have drawn it. Kepler could have drawn it, and perhaps he should have! But none of them did. It was Newton who drew it.

    Not only does this book celebrate how simple drawings have ever advanced and revolutionized physics, from Thomas Young's sketch of the double slit experiment to Faraday's sketches of the electric and magnetic fields, but it also exalts a brand new theory--Light Time Dimension Theory--exalting and advancing science by these very same, simple methods rooted in simple, physical pictures and ideas.

    Just as Newton revolutionized our understanding of gravity via a remarkably simple physical picture, so did Einstein, writing, "I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me: "If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight. I was startled. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of gravitation." This simple thought lead to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, wherein space and time bend and curve. Unlike string theory, Light Time Dimension Theory acknowledges the fact that dimensions move, and it simply extends the general principle by stipulating that the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

    In the same way Newton was the first to sketch the gravitational orbits of cannonballs and Faraday was the first to sketch electric and magnetic fields and the invisible "lines of force," Dr. E the first to draw the expansion of the fourth dimension. And in doing so, he recognized that x4's expansion was responsible for the basic characteristics of quantum mechanics, relativity, and the second law of thermodynamics. Via the simple sketch, Dr. E found a doorway to the deeper physical reality underlying and unifying relativity, quantum mechanical behavior, and time's arrows and asymmetries.

    Join us on this epic odyssey through not only the beautiful simplicity of science's greatest revolutionary thoughts and drawings from the likes of Feynman, Einstein, Faraday, Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus, but from Dr. E too.

    https://www.amazon.com/Multiverse-Inflation-Supersymmetr

    y-M-Theory-Pseudoscience-ebook/dp/B01N19KO3A/

    Inline image 3

    John Archibald Wheeler: More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet. (J.A. Wheeler, Princeton Joseph Henry Professor of Physics)

    The great Albert Einstein stated, "The development of Western Science is based on two great achievements, the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers, and the discovery of the possibility to find out causal relationships by systematic experiment (Renaissance)."

    Unfortunately, the string theorists and multimillionaire multiverse maniacs have abandoned both experiment and formal logic. In order to sustain their failed regimes, they exiled the two pillars of Western Science, alongside simple truth and beauty. And so it is that theoretical physics ground to a halt.

    But yet, hope springs eternal, and Light Time Dimension Theory, born of the noble spirit of Galileo, Newton, Faraday, and Einstein, is based on a simple postulate that has been physically observed and formally proven.

    LTD's Postulate: The fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt=ic.

    From this simple postulate, a physical model emerges accounting for and exalting all of relativity, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, quantum mechanics' nonlocality, probabilities, and entanglement, and the second law of thermodynamics. Thus LTD provides a vast and resounding unification of physics, while finally characterizing the deeper nature of the stage underlying both quantum mechanics and relativity.

    However, the massively failed regimes cannot admit their failure, and thus simple truth and beauty must be castigated, impugned, and exiled. But like Tom Brady and Odysseus, Dr. E just won't give up. The bold book exalts in the words and wisdom of dozens of Nobel Laureate physicists, Giants such as Newton, Galileo, Copernicus, and Einstein, and other contemporary luminaries who, although vastly outnumbered by the string theory click-bait blogger, multiverse maniacs, and televangelists of pseudoscience, take a stand with Dr. E.

    So come enjoy a fantastic, heroic odyssey that not only examines the soul of science, but also exalts its higher, historical nature alongside a brand new theory born of the higher scientific spirit celebrated by Einstein and Newton.

    https://www.amazon.com/Einsteins-Relativity-Derived-T

    heorys-Principle-ebook/dp/B06WRRJ7YG/

    Inline image 4

    Regarding the award-winning physicist Dr. Elliot McGucken at Princeton University, the late John Archibald Wheeler stated, "More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet."

    Leonardo da Vinci: Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.

    At long last, a simple, foundational theory has risen above the fray so as to finally unify relativity and quantum mechanics in a simple, physical model premised upon the principle of a fourth expanding dimension. This heavily-illustrated book delights in deriving all of Einstein's relativity, both intuitively and mathematically, from LTD Theory's simple postulate and equation. Unlike many other books, it takes us beyond the stringy swamp to new, pristine territory where simple postulates and principles again reign supreme, as they did throughout the original development of quantum mechanics and relativity. In the grand spirit of Einstein, the book celebrates the simplicity of physics, and thus makes for a straightforward, exalting read for the expert and layman alike.

    Albert Einstein: A theory is the more impressive the greater is the simplicity of its premises (LTD Theory's principle of the fourth expanding dimension), the more different are the kinds of things it relates (relativity, the quantum, time, the second law of thermodynamics, dark matter, dark energy, entanglement) and the more extended the range of its applicability.

    Arthur Schopenhauer: Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius hits a target no one else can see.

    Few know that Einstein yet sought a deeper foundation for his relativity. Regarding relativity, Einstein wrote, "A physical theory can be satisfactory only if its structures are composed of elementary foundations. The theory of relativity is ultimately as little satisfactory as, for example, classical thermodynamics was before Boltzmann had interpreted the entropy as probability."

    At long last, Light Time Dimension Theory hath found the elementary foundations underlying not only relativity, but all of quantum mechanics too, as well as time and its arrows and asymmetries. As physics has ever been furthered via *physical* principles and postulates, as opposed to string theory press releases, LTD Theory exalts the hitherto unsung postulate of a fourth expanding dimension given by dx4/dt=ic. And the very heavens open up.

    By the end of this book, you will see how LTD Theory replaces Einstein's two postulates of relativity with a simpler, more foundational principle of nature--the universal invariant of the fourth expanding dimension also seen in LTD Theory's simple equation dx4/dt=ic. And you will see that this principle has the added benefit of also providing a simple, natural, *physical* mechanism for quantum mechanics, time, and the second law of thermodynamics.

    The fast-paced book takes the reader on a fantastic odyssey beginning with the simple, intuitive proofs that light remains stationary in the fourth dimension, leading to the remarkable fact that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c. Einstein's drawing of the light cone is celebrated alongside all the aspects of relativity it exalts. And too, quite remarkably, for the first time in the history of physics, the foundations of quantum mechanics are also seen in the nonlocal expansion of the light cone.

    Einstein's simple, intuitive derivations of the Lorentz transformations are shared and discussed. And it is shown that the Lorentz transformations, and thus all of relativity, naturally emerge from LTD's deeper principle of a fourth expanding dimension, right alongside the quantum and time and all her one-way arrows.

    Unlike the dominant string theory and multiverse mania, LTD Theory exalts in simple postulates, principles, and equations on towards exalting its epic unifications.

    Enjoy the books!

    Elliot :)Attachment #1: 4_16992073_264469633977281_7860052258686985747_o.jpgAttachment #2: 4_17021835_264470727310505_6441031296795011938_n.jpg

    Write a Reply...