Hi Eckard,
To my memory, Einstein's remark about an obstinate illusion was in relation to his grief over the death of his best friend (Michele Besso).
"I consider Providence, fatalism, and also your seemingly scientific belief in continuity illusions. The Providence of the (Ver)fuehrer of Germany was ridiculous. His Reich did not last 1000 years by only twelve. Fatalism is also destructive."
Well sure, I agree. If historicism (historical determinism) had real value, we would all be followers of Marx's "scientific socialism."
"Your discussion with James Putnam revealed to me that your position is pretty close to mine except for my conviction that past and future are in reality quite different from each other."
They're different because they are different words. The meaning of the words, though, does not apply to relativistic distances.
"I would agree on that there is usually no preferred actual moment along the time-line of something artificial like a recorded video or sound or the output of a simulation. However we are living within our real world which is steadily changing with more or less limited possibility of prediction."
Absolutely. All physics is local.
"Einstein's physics doesn't and cannot consider this aspect. Yes, you missed seeing this."
I can't see something that isn't there. That all physics is local, explains the limit of predictive possibilities.
"Theories that are based on the block universe omit causality."
There's no reason to invoke causality to describe least action.
"Therefore their proponents felt forced to deny the now as something of relevance in physics and discredit it as an unspecified illusory perception."
I think it's completely specified.
"You wrote: 'It isn't the now that is illusion (All physics is local); it is the perception of time as past, present and future that is illusion.'
"I see this a logically flawed presentist position. For good reasons, Einstein spoke of past, future and now, not of their obviously irrelevant for physics subjective perception."
Einstein would never allow subjective perception (what he called "mere personal belief") to color his science. The science is objective.
"Let me state an antithesis to yours: Anything that happens in physical reality is embedded in a plurality of influences from past processes."
I don't disagree with that. Past influences in some reference frame, however, may be future influences in another. Nature is demonstrably imbued with positive, as well as negative, feedback effects.
All best,
Tom