Unified Field, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Meet String Theory, Parallel Universes, the Mathematical Universe, and TOE by Rodney Bartlett

I'm very glad you enjoyed my essay, Xiong. I enjoyed your interesting essay, too. It nicely leads to the concluding "The trinity: Matter-Energy-Information".

I'm just wondering about this trinity. Could matter-energy-information be compared with the religious trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit? I wonder about this because I think science and religion will unite in the future.

I've noticed a strange belief in the scientific community - scientists seem to claim they don't "believe" in anything. I imagine this claim is a refute of religion, mysticism and New Agers. After all, scientists DO believe in atoms, the Earth orbiting the Sun, etc. etc. They should also be extremely careful when they criticise every aspect of religion and mysticism. For example, think of the strange things that could result from the universe being a unified field in which all seemingly separate objects in time and space are actually one thing. That is, all seemingly separate objects in space and time would be products of one mathematical blueprint. This maths could make space-time and everything it contains as flexible as objects in a computer game, thus having the potential to delete distances in space-time and create quantum entanglement/retrocausality on macroscopic scales. Centuries from now, this could render today's scientific reluctance to believe a quaint symbol of a primitive culture ... and expose today's science as a dinosaur unable to adjust to the modern world of those future centuries. Tomorrow's world could regard today's scientists in the same way that the science of 2013 thinks of priests who lived in the Middle Ages.

Many thanks for your kind comments, Vladimir. I clicked on both of the extremely interesting links you supplied.

I don't speak Russian but I still enjoyed the link to You Tube because I love music and I also love listening to any foreign language (I don't care if I can't understand the words).

About the paper -

Aristotle's "Infinitum Actu Non Datur" (there is no actual infinity) could mean my concept of electronic infinity or e infinity - which deletes all distances in space and time - is valid. And Kronecker's statement that the usual final natural numbers "were created by the God, but all the rest is a human-being work" could be viewed in a new light where the unified field removes all separateness (by, in this case, removing all distance between God and human beings). This would further validate e infinity. My essay states this removal with these words - "God would be a suprapantheistic union of the universe's spatial, temporal, hyperspatial, material and conscious parts; forming a union with humans in a cosmic unification, and a universal intelligence.

Hello John,

Apologies for the delay, which is caused by my simply not having enough time. Your essay is very interesting indeed. Why doesn't physics have a universally accepted concept of the relation between the cosmos, particles and energy? I think it's because the relationship between those 3 things comes down to mathematics. In their minds, scientists readily admit that the universe is mathematical. But they're only human - in their hearts, they don't really want to believe this because this mathematical foundation implies the existence of something that can't be measured and observed - either God; or perhaps humans from the far future who travel into the remote past and use cosmogenesis, terraforming, and biotechnology that today's scientists can't imagine.

The last 500 years of science has advanced the world so much. It's time for everyone to accept that our destiny is not to simply build on those foundations by dotting i's and crossing t's and making ever-more-precise measurements. Taking the example of how relativity and quantum mechanics fundamentally altered the science of the late 19th century, it's time to build on the foundations of the last 500 years by using those foundations to propel modern science in a new direction - towards the unified field and its applications not just to maths, but in the physical events of our daily lives. The unified field has the potential to resolve all of today's mysteries - including scientific explanation of God, miracles that are not supernatural but merely incomprehensible to science that isn't based on the unified field, extra-sensory cognitive abilities, and insight into the presently unimaginable greatness of human potential.

As you say, " the relation of Bit to It seems attainable - and indeed, imminent." Personally; I think it'll be here far, far sooner than anybody believes. Even though that time could never arrive without all the scientific, and nonscientific, endeavours of today and 5 hundred (or 5 billion) years ago; we'll look back at the 21st century and wonder how we could possibly have been so primitive.

Best regards,

Rodney

I'd like to send feedback about "On the dimensionality of spacetime" by Max Tegmark 1997 Class. Quantum Grav. 14 L69 doi:10.1088/0264-9381/14/4/002.

In this letter, he says "In a space with more than three dimensions, there can be no traditional atoms and perhaps no stable structures."

There is a way for space with more than 3 dimensions to be stable. This is revealed in an article ("From T Tauri Stars to Coronal Heating via Newton and Einstein") I posted at

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/1606

(Max Tegmark is scientific director of FQXi),

http://vixra.org/abs/1307.0072 and

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249649876_From_T_Tauri_Stars_to_Coronal_Heating_via_Newton_and_Einstein

Below is the part of my article directly referring to space's stability in more than 3 dimensions -

Maybe hidden variables called binary digits (binary digits would be the hidden variables which Einstein said carry extra information about the world of quantum mechanics; and complete it, eliminating probabilities and bringing about exact predictions) could permit time travel into the future by warping positive space-time. And maybe they'd allow time travel into the past by warping a 5D hyperspace # that is translated 180 degrees to space-time, and could be labelled as negative or inverted. (The space-time we live in is described by ordinary [or real] numbers which, when multiplied by themselves, result in positive numbers e.g. 2x2=4, and -2x-2 also equals 4. Inverted positive space-time becomes negative hyperspace which is described by so-called imaginary numbers that give negative results when multiplied by themselves e.g. i multiplied by itself gives -1.) The past can never be changed from what occurred, and the future can never be altered from what it will be. Both are programmed by the 1s and 0s.

# This 5th-dimensional hyperspace would be tinier than a subatomic particle, like the dimensions invoked by string theory (about 70% of space consists of dark energy, according to the WMAP and Planck space probes; which is interpreted in this article as 70% of a particle also consisting of dark energy since "space-time itself plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles and the nuclear forces" (see paragraph above about Einstein's 1919 submission to the Prussian Academy of Sciences). This dark energy can be associated with hyperspace and its binary digits, so a) 70% of a particle is composed of hyperspace, and b) the extra dimension exists everywhere in space occupied by particles (also everywhere in "empty" space, where binary digits are referred to as Virtual Particles). With a single extra dimension of astronomical size, gravity is expected to cause the solar system to collapse ("The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimetre" by N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos, G. Dvali - Physics Letters B - Volume 429, Issues 3–4, 18 June 1998, Pages 263–272, and “Gravity in large extra dimensions” by U.S. Department of Energy - http://www.eurekalert.org/features/doe/2001-10/dbnl-gil053102.php However, collapse never occurs if gravity accounts for repulsion as well as attraction on both subatomic and astronomical scales (accounts for dark energy and familiar concepts of gravity, as well as repelling aspects of the electroweak force [such as placing two like magnetic poles together] and attracting electroweak/strong force aspects). “Electroweak” and “strong” force can be united in that sentence because gravitation and space-time are united with both the (electro)weak and strong nuclear forces.

Being a nonconformist has a good side and a bad side. It's good because it allows your mind to explore ideas that traditional scientists would call crazy (they could learn something from the great Danish physicist Niels Bohr, who once remarked "Your theory is crazy, but it is not crazy enough to be true"). Nonconformity is bad in the sense that modern science journals never take you seriously and the worldwide science community will therefore never be given a chance to consider or test those crazy ideas. So you end up turning your FQXi page into a kind of blog where you can express your ideas (for a limited duration). The latest blog entry is -

Can physics explain why space-time is warped - and can physics and biology be united in a way that explains why DNA is a double helix?

Suppose Albert Einstein was correct when he said gravitation plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles (in "Do Gravitational Fields Play An Essential Part In The Structure of the Elementary Particles?" - a 1919 submission to the Prussian Academy of Sciences). And suppose he was also correct when he said gravitation is the warping of space-time. Then it is logical that 1) gravitation would play a role in constitution of elementary particles, and their mass, and also in the constitution of the nuclear forces associated with those particles, and 2) the warping of space-time that produces gravity means space-time itself plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles, their mass, and the nuclear forces. Matter can be thought of as "coherent space or coherent gravity" that is bound by forces and gravity. How could gravity be involved in the structure of particles? To understand how this could happen, we need to remember that higher-frequency light (in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum) can be converted into lower-frequency infrared light (by being absorbed as visible light and re-emitted at infrared wavelengths by interstellar gas and dust). Similarly, the gravitational waves of space could have a frequency even greater than gamma rays. When converted into lower frequencies, they'd produce matter which would then produce all the electromagnetic wavelengths - including gamma rays and microwaves.

Let's borrow a few ideas from string theory's ideas of everything being ultimately composed of tiny, one-dimensional strings that vibrate as clockwise, standing, and counterclockwise currents in a four-dimensional looped superstring. We can visualize tiny, one dimensional binary digits of 1 and 0 (base 2 mathematics) forming currents in a two-dimensional program called a Mobius loop - or in 2 Mobius loops, clockwise currents in one loop combining with counterclockwise currents in the other to form a standing current. Combination of the 2 loops' currents requires connection of the two as a four-dimensional Klein bottle. This connection can be made with the infinitely-long irrational and transcendental numbers. Such an infinite connection translates - via bosons being ultimately composed of the binary digits of 1 and 0 depicting pi, e, √2 etc.; and fermions being given mass by bosons interacting in matter particles' "wave packets" - into an infinite number of (possibly Figure-8) Klein bottles.[1] Slight imperfections in the way the Mobius loops fit together determine the precise nature of the binary-digit currents (the producers of space-time-hyperspace, gravitational waves, electromagnetic waves, the nuclear strong force and the nuclear weak force) and thus of exact mass, charge, quantum spin, and adherence to Pauli's exclusion principle. Referring to a Bose-Einstein condensate, the slightest change in the binary-digit flow (Mobius loop orientation) would alter the way gravitation and electromagnetism interact, and the BEC could become a gas (experiments confirm that it does).

[1] Each one is a "subuniverse" composing the physically infinite and eternal space-time of the universe. The infinite numbers make the cosmos physically infinite, the union of space and time makes it eternal, and it's in a static or steady state because it's already infinite and has no room for expansion. Our own subuniverse has a limited size (and age of 13.8 billion years), is expanding from a big bang, and has warped space-time[2] (and spiralling DNA which is made of warped space-time or gravity and shaped like a double helix) because it's modelled on two Mobius loops which can be fashioned by giving a strip of paper a 180-degree twist before joining the ends .

[2] Since the warping of space-time is modelled on two Mobius loops, the first impression is that it should be twice what Einstein calculated. His figure of 1.75 seconds of arc for the deflection of starlight by the Sun has been experimentally proven because starlight which grazes the sun is indeed deflected at 1.75 arcseconds. However, this represents the warping of space that is created by one Mobius - the other Mobius accounts for an extra 1.75" of space warping[2.1]. The binary digits in space-time (assumed by modern science to be "virtual particles") confer energy (and mass) on cosmic rays that travel far through space, turning them into UHECRs (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays).[3] Naturally, this process does not apply to cosmic rays that have already been emitted as UHECRs from pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, colliding galaxies, etc. ("Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: origin and propagation" by Todor Stanev - 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2007 - http://arxiv.org/pdf/0711.2282v1.pdf). Similarly, the digits give energy to a star's photons - which has the potential to cause scientific instruments to overestimate the energy released from distant stars. However, this increase in energy of the light photons may be balanced by the stretching of space, which causes decrease of energy (as of 21 March 2013, the Hubble constant, as measured by the Planck Mission, is 67.80 ± 0.77 km/s/Mpc -"Planck Mission Brings Universe Into Sharp Focus" - http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-

109&rn=news.xml&rst=3739). Thus, the speed of light in today's vacuum would be a constant.

[2.1] How is passing starlight deflected towards the Sun? The refracted gravitational wave heading for the sun "captures" [2.2] the light from distant stars that appear close to the rim of the sun before the gravity wave's diverted to the centre of our star (string theory predicts that gravity's gravitons interact with light's photons). Acting as a gravitational attractor, the refracted wave carries the light with it as it bends towards the sun's centre. The light is not carried all the way but breaks free since photons have their own energy and momentum. However, the light is carried far enough to be deflected a tiny amount from its original path. According to Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction), the light will be deflected toward the sun by an equal and opposite amount to the gravity wave's deflection to the solar interior. "Opposite" means the light wave travels away from the sun at approx. 186,282 miles per second and the gravity wave travels into the sun at the same velocity. "Equal" means, since experiments have shown the bending of starlight to be 1.75 seconds of arc (in geometry 60 seconds = 1 minute, 60 minutes = 1 degree, and there are 360 degrees in a circle), the refraction of gravitation from the solar rim is also 1.75 arcseconds (as density increases the deeper the gravity wave goes, the greater its refraction becomes).

[2.2] Gravitons and photons interact via Einstein's mass-energy relation. A gravitational wave acts as an attractor and captures light by feeling friction with the mass-energy of the photons. This causes gravitational refraction or bending in which part of the gravity pushes a photon by travelling in the direction of the centre of each photon in the light (as it progresses to the centre, the 3rd Law of Motion accounts for the photons' reaction of being attracted to the gravitons). Compared to the other forces we know; gravity is incredibly weak and the weak "equal but opposite" reaction cannot overcome the heaviness of macroscopic objects which consequently don't float off towards the gravity doing the pushing. Photons, when pushed towards the surface of Earth, are so tiny and light that they do recoil from the push - they "reflect".

[3] Why doesn't the stretching of space cause all UHECRs to lose energy and change back to regular cosmic rays? If a UHECR travels through space that is extremely warped (one example being the "coherent space" we call matter, which re-radiates a UHECR as a lower-wavelength cosmic ray upon interaction), it does change. But if its journey is through relatively flat space, it remains a UHECR. (Regarding particles as the basis of the universe leads to the interpretation of a UHECR interacting with matter and being re-radiated as a regular-energy cosmic ray. Regarding space-time itself as playing a role in the constitution of elementary particles leads to the interpretation that the stretching of space turns a UHECR into a cosmic ray.)

[3.1] According to "Nerlich, Steve (12 June 2011). 'Astronomy Without A Telescope - Oh-My-God Particles'. Universe Today", the highest energy UHECRs that are known approach 3x10^20 eV (electronvolts). And "Nave, Carl R. 'Cosmic rays'. HyperPhysics Concepts. Georgia State University" says most cosmic rays peak at an energy of 300x10^6 eV. Any two "rays", whether ultra-high-energy or not, vary in energy. But to arrive at an approximation, we can say the warping involved in coherence or stretching of space-time that turns a UHECR into a normal cosmic ray is 10^12 (a trillion) times greater than the relatively flat warping of space-time. It's one thing to imagine matter as concentrated or coherent space-time ... but stretching space-time diffuses and disperses that concentration. Doesn't this article collapse because coherence and stretching are claimed to do the same thing? This worried me at first - but then I recalled another statement by Niels Bohr: "How wonderful that we have met the paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress." The coherence-stretching paradox can be resolved in the following manner (which means there is no "distance" between coherence and stretching) -

[3.2] The inverse-square law states that the force between two particles becomes infinite if the distance of separation between them goes to zero. Remembering that gravitation (associated with particles) partly depends on the distance between their centres, the distance of separation only goes to zero when those centres occupy the same space-time coordinates (not merely when the particles' or objects' sides are touching i.e. infinity equals the total elimination of distance[3.3]). The infinite cosmos could possess this absence of distance in space and time, via the electronic mechanism of binary digits (this would enable it to be as malleable and flexible as anything on a computer screen). To distinguish this definition from "the universe going on and on forever", we can call it "electronic infinity or e infinity".

[3.3] If infinity (not physical infinity, but e infinity) is the total elimination of distance in space-time, there would be nothing to prevent instant intergalactic travel or time travel to the past and future[3.4]. Infinity does not equal nothing - total elimination of distance, or space-time, produces nothing in a physical sense and reverts to theoretical physicist Lee Smolin's imagining of strings as "not made of anything at all" (p.35 of Dr. Sten Odenwald's article "What String Theory Tells Us About the Universe": Astronomy - April 2013). It also reverts the universe to the mathematical blueprint from which physical being is constructed (see http://vixra.org/abs/1307.0072 - this agrees with cosmologist Max Tegmark's hypothesis that mathematical formulas create reality, http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/16-is-the-universe-actually-made-of-math#.UZsHDaIwebs and http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0646). So, infinity = something, agreeing with Dr. Sten Odenwald's statement on p.32 of his article, that "The basic idea is that every particle of matter ... and every particle that transmits a force ... is actually a small one-dimensional loop of something.

[3.4] In July 2009, electrical engineer Hong Tang and his team at Yale University in the USA demonstrated that, on silicon chip-and transistor-scales, light can attract and repel itself like electric charges/magnets. This is the "optical force", a phenomenon that theorists first predicted in 2005 (this time delay is rather confusing since James Clerk Maxwell showed that light is an electromagnetic disturbance approx. 150 years ago). In the event of the universe having an underlying electronic foundation, it would be composed of "silicon chip-and transistor-scales" and the Optical Force would not be restricted to microscopic scales but could operate universally. Tang proposes that the optical force could be exploited in telecommunications. For example, switches based on the optical force could be used to speed up the routing of light signals in fibre-optic cables, and optical oscillators could improve cell phone signal processing. From 1929 until his death in 1955, Einstein worked on his Unified Field Theory with the aim of uniting electromagnetism (light is one form of this) and gravitation. Achievement of this means warps of space (gravity, according to General Relativity) between spaceships/stars could mimic the Optical Effect and could be attracted together, thereby eliminating distance (similar to traversing a wormhole between two folds in space). And "warp drive" would not only come to life in future science/technology ... it would be improved tremendously; even allowing literally instant travel to points many, many billions of light years away. This reminds me of the 1994 proposal by Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre of a method of stretching space in a wave which would in theory cause the fabric of space ahead of a spacecraft to contract and the space behind it to expand - Alcubierre, Miguel (1994). "The warp drive: hyper-fast travel within general relativity". Classical and Quantum Gravity 11 (5): L73-L77. Therefore, the ship would be carried along in a warp bubble like a person being transported on an escalator, reaching its destination faster than a light beam restricted to travelling outside the warp bubble. There are no practical known methods to warp space - however, this extension of the Yale demonstration in electrical engineering may provide one. (And if infinity is the total elimination of distance in space-time, there would be nothing to prevent time travel to the past and future.)

Dear Sridattadev,

Many thanks for that email. I fully agree that there is absolutely nothing but I. Maybe you'd be interested in the phrasing of "nothing but I" using words that FQXi members might prefer (copying and pasting from my previous writings of this year, I'll split my answer into 2 parts) -

1.

There is a scientific explanation that says there is no such thing as separation into "me" and "we", but only unification of the entire universe and all time. In this context, me and we are actually the same thing. It's impossible to not focus on "we" because even when concentrating on our self; you and I are focusing on, and benefiting, the community. A candidate for "Equation Describing the Universe" shows how this state of affairs (inexplicable to our bodily senses and scientific instruments) can exist -

Hu= BEc(e infinity), or 1 = 1infinity

This equation looks like the one physicists are hoping will be printed on T-shirts in the middle of this century as a description of the Universe. Normally, I'd leave development of this equation in the capable hands of Isaac Newton or Albert Einstein. They aren't here right now ... and it'll be quite a while before they return. However, they instructed me to send you this message on their behalf.

H is for the Hamiltonian, representing the total energy of a quantum mechanical system. The subscript u stands for "universe" and Hu means the universe operates quantum mechanically (quantum effects operate macroscopically as well as microscopically, and this unification is symbolized by the first 1). BEc is for Bose-Einstein condensate, a finite form of matter that is the first known example of quantum effects becoming apparent on a macroscopic scale (represented by the second 1). The inverse-square law states that the force between two particles becomes infinite if the distance of separation between them goes to zero. Remembering that gravitation (associated with particles) partly depends on the distance between the centres of objects, the distance of separation between objects only goes to zero when those centres occupy the same space-time coordinates (not merely when the objects' sides are touching i.e. infinity equals the total elimination of distance - the infinite cosmos could possess this absence of distance in space and time, via the electronic mechanism [computer wizardry] of binary digits). To distinguish this definition of infinity from "the universe going on and on forever", we can call it "electronic infinity or e infinity" (not E8, for the infinity symbol is an 8 lying on its side). When the macroscopic quantum effects of the BEc are magnified by e infinity, those effects are instantly translated into all space-time operating quantum mechanically. In other words, you can multiply a BEc (the second 1) an infinite number of times - but no matter how many (or how few) times you do it (using an integer or whole number), you'll always end up with 1 (the macroscopic universe's time and space operating quantum mechanically). Consequent to this operation is the inevitable quantum entanglement of everything (matter, energy, forces, females and males); making all space and all time a unification.

2.

[8.1] If, as has been suggested (in my writings), frames are created in the 5th dimension by bits and their very rapid display results in the macroscopic motion we see; what causes the microscopic motion of bits switching on and off in order to display frames? Maybe the switching on and off of bits, and thus building of the universe, is not accomplished entirely by application of the positive energy familiar to our lives in space-time. Maybe it relies on the brain's using positive energy that interacts with the negative energy in 5th-dimensional hyperspace. "Physics of the Impossible" by Michio Kaku (Penguin Books, 2008) says on p.205, "Traditionally, physicists have dismissed negative energy and negative mass as science fiction. But we now see that they are indispensable for faster-than-light travel, and they might actually exist". On p.179 of "The Grand Design" by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow (Bantam Press, 2010) it's stated "One requirement any law of nature must satisfy is that it dictates that the energy of an isolated[8.2] body surrounded by empty space is positive, which means that one has to do work to assemble the body." Page 179 also says "... if the energy of an isolated body were negative ... there would be no reason that bodies could not appear anywhere and everywhere." Could the sleeping, and consequently less distracted by events in our daily space-time, brain engage in feedback with negative hyperspace and easily create the universe without doing very much traditional work? Fractal geometry states that every particle in space-time contains hyperspace (about 70% of space consists of dark energy, according to the WMAP and Planck space probes) - so more than two-thirds of the universe requires no assembly at all. It seemingly appears from nothing, but actually uses the brain's positive energy which interacts with the negative energy in 5th-dimensional hyperspace (negative energy requires no work at all, according to "The Grand Design"). (A universal intelligence[8.3] would necessarily combine positive and negative energy in itself - or, since consciousness and personality are parts of the cosmos, should we say herself or himself - i.e. space-time combines with hyperspace.) The remaining third is entangled with the no-work two-thirds and similarly only needs personal interaction with hyperspace (since every particle and atom contains hyperspace, interactions can be physical e.g. using computers, manufacturing and engineering - and we, i.e. I, don't need to build a spaceship if we want to go to the stars but we can do so). Thus, the whole universe appears to be created from nothing.

[8.2] Nothing can be truly isolated when we consider the universe as a unification caused by 1's and 0's, but our physical senses and scientific instruments don't detect binary digits and our senses/instruments thus reinforce the illusion of isolation.

[8.3] God's existence cannot possibly be scientifically comprehended in the current non-unified understanding of the cosmos. Thus, many scientists need to invoke the existence of an unlimited number of parallel universes having limitless combinations of the laws of physics (so one of those universes would produce all the correct laws that enable beings such as ourselves to exist). A non-supernatural God is proposed via the inverse-square law's infinite aspect coupled with eternal quantum entanglement, but Einstein taught us that time is warped. Warped time is nonlinear, making it at least possible that the BITS composing space-time and all particles originate from the computer science of humans - BInary digiTS only suggest existence of the divine if time is linear. The inverse-square law states that the force between two particles becomes infinite if the distance of separation between them goes to zero. Remembering that gravitation partly depends on the distance between the centres of objects, the distance of separation between objects only goes to zero when those centres occupy the same space-time coordinates (not merely when the objects' sides are touching i.e. infinity equals the total elimination of distance - the infinite cosmos could possess this absence of distance in space and time, via the electronic mechanism of binary digits). Zero separation is the case in quantum-entangled space-time and physicist Michio Kaku says in his book "Physics of the Impossible" that modern science thinks the whole universe has been quantum-entangled forever. This means there's still room for the infinity known as God. God would be a suprapantheistic union of the universe's spatial, temporal, hyperspatial, material and conscious parts; forming a union with humans in a cosmic unification, and forming a universal intelligence. Science's own Law of Conservation says the total mass (or matter) and energy in the universe does not change, though the quantity of each varies (I interpret this Law as saying - to get matter and energy, you have to start with matter and energy; which means that time must be warped). So what happens if we subtract humans of the distant future - with their ability to travel into the past and use incomprehensibly-advanced cosmogenesis, terraforming and biotechnology (cosmos, Earth-like planet, and life-generating abilities) from the origins of life? It becomes impossible for inorganic materials - and referring to the creation of amino acids in the laboratory by Harold Urey and Stanley Miller in 1952, relatively simple amino acids - to be assembled into complex plants and animals, whose adaptations are often called evolution.

Thanks for the rating, Jonathan. Let's hope it really does turn out to be lucky.

Actually, I feel a bit like a cat called Lucky that I saw on a TV vet program. He ended up being very UNlucky because he died.I don't think my essay did anything with the overall Community ratings (and it did even less with the Public ratings), so it might end up being unlucky and dying too. The Contest page says "The final ranking that determines the prize winners will be determined by a combination of the Community ratings and ratings from expert judges ..." So my entry's only hope seems to be for those "expert judges" (whoever they are) to resurrect the entry.

To change the subject, your surname reminds me of the nickname of a TV personality and judge of television singing contests in this country (Australia). He emigrated from England and his name's Ian "Dicko" Dickson.

Accelerating Universal Expansion Helps Verify Unified Field Theory

(This is my reply to the question "On varying speed of flow of time over our life" by G. Ustinova of the Russian Academy of Sciences, at https://www.researchgate.net/post/On_varying_speed_of_flow_of_time_over_our_life?ch=reg&cp=re221_x_p43&pli=1&loginT=N4XcWPfvQsWRojjGYxZQnrHrQhWwYB5vhoxSsdgKaIg,#view=52136dfed3df3e2c2554d8fe)

I first refer to this previous answer to the same question (by Giuseppe Cocco MD) before addressing the original question -

After his friend's death A. Einstein wrote to the sister and son: 'Michel has preceded me a little in leaving this strange world. This is not important. For us, who are convinced physicists, the distinction between past, present, and future is only an illusion, however persistent' Einstein-Besso correspondence, Ed. P. Speziali, Paris; Hermann 1972, pp 537-539.

I believe the illusory nature of time means Einstein's Unified Field Theory is correct. In the 19th century, Scottish mathematician and physicist James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism into electromagnetism. Albert Einstein's equations say that in a universe possessing only gravitation and electromagnetism, the gravitational fields carry enough information about electromagnetism to allow the equations of Maxwell to be restated in terms of these gravitational fields. This was discovered by the mathematical physicist George Yuri Rainich (1886 -1968).

England's Professor Penrose has argued that the gravitational fields, if known

everywhere but only for a limited time, do not contain enough information about

their electromagnetism to allow the future to be determined, so Einstein's unified theory fails. If "the distinction between past, present, and future is only an illusion", it's clear that all time is unified with the gravitational and electromagnetic fields - meaning the gravitational fields are not known for only a limited time, they do contain enough information, and Einstein succeeded!

Another way of arriving at the conclusion that Einstein succeeded is - suppose Albert Einstein was correct when he said gravitation plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles (in "Do Gravitational Fields Play An Essential Part In The Structure Of The Elementary Particles Of Matter?", a 1919 submission to the Prussian Academy of Sciences). And suppose he was also correct when he said gravitation is the warping of space-time. Then it is logical that 1) gravitation would play a role not only in elementary particles and their masses but also in the constitution of the nuclear strong force and the weak nuclear force i.e. the nuclear forces may not be separate from gravitation but may be modifications of it, and 2) the warping of space-time that produces gravity means space-time itself plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles, their masses, and in the nuclear forces. Therefore, time is unified with the gravitational and electromagnetic fields.

Not only the two nuclear forces could be seen as aspects of gravity. So could dark energy and dark matter. What if gravity accounts for repulsion as well as attraction on the subatomic scale? For example, the strong force would represent gravity's subatomic attraction while gravity's subatomic repulsion could be viewed as the emission of particles in radioactivity (the weak force is responsible for this). If the universe obeys the laws of fractal geometry, gravity would also account for repulsion and attraction on astronomical and macroscopic scales (it would account for the dark energy pushing galaxy clusters apart as well as familiar concepts of gravity such as attraction of a falling apple to the ground).

The average density of the Milky Way is much less than the solar system. Picture the galaxy, except for the central dense bulge that may be roughly 10,000 light years in diameter, made up of solar systems like ours and separated by 4 or 5 light years (the closest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri, 4.2 light years away). Within those systems, there is a lot of mass and density in the form of stars, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, gas, and dust. But the vast reaches of near vacuum between systems lowers average density enormously - the MacMillan Encyclopedia of Physics says the average density of matter between the stars of the Milky Way is 0.1 neutral hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre. Since density corresponds to concentration of wave packets and magnification of gravitational waves, there would be extremely little magnifying of gravity waves in interstellar space. I suspect that if it is (very approximately) 10^15 times or a million billion times less, there would be insufficient gravitational magnification to accelerate the stars in the central core or bulge beyond the orbiting speeds of the galaxy's outermost stars.

In the 1970s, astronomer Vera Rubin concluded outer stars were being sped up by the gravitational attraction of unseen Dark Matter in a halo well beyond the galaxy. This partial revision of gravity states there would be no such thing as dark matter of this nature. However, the term "dark matter" could be used to describe particles in a 5th-dimensional hyperspace, or travelling through time, that would be invisible but still exert gravitational influence (in a universe structured according to the rules of fractal geometry, 5th dimensional hyperspace would occupy every fermion and boson, alongside space-time).

Changing the subject from the unified field theory back to the original question - we may have varying speed of flow of time during our life because of the accelerating expansion of space-time in the universe. Space is expanding but time is also expanding (and at an accelerating pace). In our youth, it proceeded at a very slightly reduced pace whereas it's going a tiny bit faster now that we've gained experience. So the increased pace is not subjective. If things in space and time were separate (as they appear to be), we certainly could never be aware of this accelerating time - the change in our lifetimes is infinitesimal. But things are different if we humans, and the entirety of space-time, are different aspects of the fractal geometry spoken of in discussion of the unified field theory. We are unified with every step of the universe's past and future expansion. Therefore, we can perceive its accelerating expansion ... which we interpret as our having more time in our youth. Our perception of time moving faster will be interpreted by most people as purely subjective and psychological. But in fact, it supports the idea of fractals i.e. as stated 3 paragraphs ago, it supports gravity accounting for repulsion and attraction not merely on quantum scales but, fractally, also on astronomical and macroscopic scales (it would account for the dark energy pushing galaxy clusters apart as well as familiar concepts of gravity such as attraction of a falling apple to the ground).

Part 2 of "Accelerating Universal Expansion Helps Verify Unified Field Theory"

(My Reply to G. Ustinova's Reply)

I'm very happy that you think my answer was interesting and original. I don't know much about fractal catalysis. But I think cognition in living organisms would be extremely sensitive to the universe's fractal geometry. If humans are unified with the cosmos, all the information throughout space and time should be instantly available to each person.

At least, that should be the case potentially ... or in theory. There are so many variables with each person - such as their curiosity, their willingness to believe all info is available (both society and science have a much more restrictive teaching), the amount of spare time they can spend thinking, and no doubt there are many other variables.

I don't think there is a direct connection between the universe's fractal geometry and the origin of life, though.

The idea of quantum fluctuations is valid (a quantum fluctuation is the temporary change in the amount of energy at a point in space). But forget quantum fluctuations that mysteriously happen for no reason. And forget spontaneous generation of life from nonliving matter. I think the universe, and life, began because brains acquire knowledge from the 4 dimensions of space-time. Then brains interact with a 5th-dimensional hyperspace* to purposely switch the binary digits which computers use from 1 to 0 or vice versa. Origin of life, the universe and everything comes from something (interaction of brains with hyperspace) and is important for 2 reasons:

1) Science's own Law of Conservation says the total mass (or matter) and energy in the universe does not change, though the quantity of each varies (I interpret this Law as saying - to get matter and energy, you have to start with matter and energy), and

2) By actual experimentation the great 19th-century French scientist Louis Pasteur disproved the false theory of spontaneous generation of life, and proved biogenesis (that living things descend only from living things) - see "The Microbial World - A Look At All Things Small" http://www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27

and " Biogenesis and Abiogenesis: Critiques and Addresses" http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE8/B-Ab.html.

* Maybe hidden variables called binary digits (binary digits would be the hidden variables which Einstein said carry extra information about the world of quantum mechanics ... and complete it, eliminating probabilities and bringing about exact predictions) could permit time travel into the future by warping positive space-time. And maybe they'd allow time travel into the past by warping a 5D hyperspace# that is translated 180 degrees to space-time, and could be labelled as negative or inverted. (The space-time we live in is described by ordinary [or "real"] numbers which, when multiplied by themselves, result in positive numbers e.g. 2x2=4, and -2x-2 also equals 4. Inverted "positive" space-time becomes negative hyperspace which is described by so-called imaginary numbers that give negative results when multiplied by themselves e.g. i multiplied by itself gives -1.) The past can never be changed from what occurred, and the future can never be altered from what it will be. Both are programmed by the 1's and 0's.

# This 5th-dimensional hyperspace would be tinier than a subatomic particle, like the dimensions invoked by string theory (about 70% of space consists of dark energy, according to the WMAP and Planck space probes - which is interpreted in this article as 70% of a particle also consisting of dark energy since "space-time itself plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles and the nuclear forces" (see paragraph above about Einstein's 1919 submission to the Prussian Academy of Sciences). This dark energy can be associated with hyperspace and its binary digits, so a) 70% of a particle is composed of hyperspace, and b) the extra dimension exists everywhere in space occupied by particles (also everywhere in "empty" space, where binary digits are referred to as Virtual Particles). With a single extra dimension of astronomical size, gravity is expected to cause the solar system to collapse ("The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimetre" by N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos, G. Dvali - Physics Letters B - Volume 429, Issues 3-4, 18 June 1998, Pages 263-272, and "Gravity in large extra dimensions" by U.S. Department of Energy - http://www.eurekalert.org/features/doe/2001-10/dbnl-gil053102.php However, collapse never occurs if gravity accounts for repulsion as well as attraction on both subatomic and astronomical scales (accounts for dark energy and familiar concepts of gravity, as well as repelling aspects of the electroweak force [such as placing two like magnetic poles together] and attracting electroweak/strong force aspects). "Electroweak" and "strong" force can be united in that sentence because gravitation and space-time are united with both the (electro)weak and strong nuclear forces.

In relation to biogenesis, consider the Miller-Urey Experiment of 1952. Here, amino acids (which are relatively simple, and are the building blocks of protein) were made from inorganic material and by natural causes in a lab. Subtract Stanley Miller and Harold Urey from the experiment, and the experiment would obviously fail (because it would never have been started). Similarly, subtracting humans of the distant future from the origins of life makes it impossible for amino acids and inorganic materials to be bioengineered to form complex plants and animals, whose adaptations are often called evolution. The future humans could use terraforming (creation of Earthlike planets) and bioengineering that can hardly be imagined at present.

This seems to validate atheism, but I say God must exist. God's existence cannot possibly be scientifically comprehended in the current non-unified understanding of the cosmos. Thus, many scientists need to invoke the existence of an unlimited number of parallel universes having limitless combinations of the laws of physics (so one of those universes would produce all the correct laws that enable beings such as ourselves to exist). A non-supernatural God is proposed via the inverse-square law's infinite aspect coupled with eternal quantum entanglement, but Einstein taught us that time is warped. Warped time is nonlinear, making it at least possible that the binary digits composing space-time and all particles originate from the computer science of humans. BInary digiTS (BITS) only suggest existence of the divine if time is linear. The inverse-square law states that the force between two particles becomes infinite if the distance of separation between them goes to zero. Remembering that gravitation partly depends on the distance between the centres of objects, the distance of separation between objects only goes to zero when those centres occupy the same space-time coordinates (not merely when the objects' sides are touching). That is, infinity equals the total elimination of distance - the infinite cosmos could possess this absence of distance in space and time via the electronic mechanism of binary digits, which would make the universe as malleable and flexible as any image on a computer screen. Zero separation is the case in quantum-entangled space-time and physicist Michio Kaku says in his book "Physics of the Impossible" that modern science thinks the whole universe has been quantum-entangled forever. This means there's still room for the infinity known as God. God would be a suprapantheistic union of the universe's spatial, temporal, hyperspatial, material and conscious parts; forming a union with humans in a cosmic unification, and forming a universal intelligence.

How do binary digits compose space-time and all particles? (stated in previous paragraph). Gravity would be united with EM if gravitation and ElectroMagnetism are both products of a mathematical foundation to the universe. Let's borrow a few ideas from string theory's ideas of everything being ultimately composed of tiny, one-dimensional strings that vibrate as clockwise, standing, and counterclockwise currents in a four-dimensional looped superstring. We can visualize tiny, one dimensional binary digits of 1 and 0 (base 2 mathematics) forming currents in a Mobius loop - or in 2 Mobius loops, clockwise currents in one loop combining with counterclockwise currents in the other to form a standing current. Combination of the 2 loops' currents requires connection of the two as a four-dimensional Klein bottle (I like to refer to these ideas combining binary digits, Mobius loops and Klein bottles as "digital string theory"). This connection can be made with the infinitely-long irrational and transcendental numbers. Such an infinite connection translates into an infinite number of Figure-8 Klein bottles (via bosons being ultimately composed of 1's and 0's depicting pi, e, √2 etc.; and fermions being given mass by bosons interacting in matter particles' "wave packets"). Slight imperfections in the way the Mobius loops fit together determine the precise nature of the binary-digit currents (the producers of gravitational waves, electromagnetic waves, the nuclear strong force and the nuclear weak force) and thus of exact mass, charge, quantum spin, and adherence to Pauli's exclusion principle. Referring to a Bose-Einstein condensate, the slightest change in the binary-digit flow (Mobius loop orientation) would alter the way gravitation and electromagnetism interact, and the BEC could become a gas (experiments confirm that it does).

Well, I couldn't think of anything to write when I first read your reply. Somehow, I ended up writing this very long reply. I hope it isn't too long for you. And I hope I've given you some things to think about.

Rodney

Developed from my entry on this page is an article I've called "Albert Einstein deserves Nobel Prize in Physics 2013" (http://viXra.org/abs/1310.0073). The inspiration for this article was an article called "Starting Point" by Steve Nadis - Discover Magazine, September 2013. "Starting Point" is about the life and theories of Ukrainian cosmologist Alexander Vilenkin. He's responsible for introducing the ideas of eternal inflation and quantum creation of the universe from a quantum vacuum, and is currently Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University near Boston in the U.S. My article concedes that the idea of quantum fluctuation in a vacuum is valid because those fluctuations can be defined as "the temporary change in the amount of energy at a point in space". This temporary change can be enabled by the binary digits of 1 and 0 fluctuating between states and thus serving as Virtual Particles. This causes the universe to have its creation not in a quantum vacuum as an exclusively linear concept of time would require, but in a nonlinear aspect of time with the binary digits originating in human computer technology. Ensuing solutions of cosmological puzzles from this proposal refer to the subheadings

"Digital" String Theory;

Poincare Cosmic Strings, Wormholes And Hologram;

Steady State Universe, Big Bang Subuniverses And DNA's Double Helix;

Newtonian / Einsteinian Space-Time Warping;

Cosmic Rays, Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays & Today's Speed Of Light;

Electronic Infinity;

Interstellar And Intergalactic Travel;

c^2 And The Atomic Nucleus;

Dark Energy And Fractal Geometry;

Dark Matter.