Dear Cristinel,
thank you for replying to my post, even though the competition is over. I appreciate your diplomatic way of putting "the representants of the next revolution in physics" vs "the defenders of the evil establishment." lol I'm afraid I'm not that diplomatic. I got the reply from the organizers that I may not substitute my entry for a 'better qualified essay'. I guessed this would be the answer when it was taking long to arrive. I see now that this could make some people question 'why this particular essay and not some other'. Now I hope that, looking for good entries, the judges would go down the list as far as 4.1.
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Regarding light, I am afraid what I meant to say was that the whole paradigm with 'particle' vs 'wave' is in deep trouble. Especially the 'particle' part. The reason I liked your quantum spiders analogy so much (with my slight modification) was because it allowed to let go of old analogies and --even if for a moment-- take a fresh look at the old problem. And 'particles' is just another analogy (more on this later).
Here is how Wheeler's delayed choice experiment could be translated into you modified by me model:
Once upon a time, a weird quantum insect flew out of its nest and, having traveled for millions of years, was caught by a very hungry quantum spider, who had not eaten a thing since last week when it hatched. To catch its prey, the spider used a specific net designed to reveal a particular aspect of this weird thing; and the net could make it appear as if it was either a fly or a dragonfly, but, regardless of the type of net the spider used and how the thing turned out, it was still the same insect.
See? There is no paradox.
The paradox comes up when we speak of 'particles', which, to me, indicates that that the model does not quite work here. If we examine the history of how this particle idea came to occupy such a prominent place in quantum theory, ruffly: it began with Newton and, having proved to be very useful in several areas of physics, went through its ups and downs in importance until it was first revived and then promoted to the central role by quantum mechanics.
So, when you say, "one possibility is that the photon traveled both ways, and the other that it traveled along one of the paths" -- what is this description based on? What if entirely something else is taking place that accounts for the observations?
The trouble with 'particles' is that they are dimensionless points in empty space, while the real phenomenon appears to be some dynamic configuration of the medium we call space (in other words, you cannot extract it from the medium it is in). We do not quite understand this dynamic configuration; and this causes us to come up with strange ideas, which, in turn, lead to paradoxes. The famous Feynman's phrase about the quantum weirdness notwithstanding, the paradoxes are the symptom of the model not being right -- as in not right for a the application at hand. And I understand that people get attached to a model -- unduly so, if they have invested a lot of time and effort into it. Still, I don't see how the quantum theory can advance with this old, riddled with paradoxes particle model in place.
In my understanding of these experiments (and I hope it's right, else please correct) photons do not interact with each other, but only with electron clouds of the 'material things' represented by the mirrors, or the screen with slits, or the detection screen, or the array of snooping devices aimed to detect which path a 'particle' took, etc. The important thing here is to remember that observation of a 'particle' constitutes placing some 'material' obstacle on its path, (which, naturally, affects it).
Again, when you wrote, "If you allow the particle to morph just before being detected" -- who said anything about morphing? That too is an assumption presumably based on the Copenhagen interpretation. That too is just another analogy.
I sincerely hope you would answer my questions, because.. ..cause I really would like to know :)
Thank you,
-Marina