Dear Antony,

Thank you for your positive comments on my paper. I doubt that many who read my paper will get a true in depth understanding of what is presented because of the limited space available for description. When I talk about internal structural information I am not talking about what we perceive to be particles, but what actually exists that generates our perception of those particles. What we see as a particle is only what that existent structure generates in an interaction with some other existent structure and is limited to the parts of that which is generated by that interaction that we have a way of perceiving by our interaction with what was generated by that existent structure. This means several things.

First, we can never know and completely understand by our observations the true structures that generated the interaction. We can only hope to completely understand the properties of those structures that are expressed through the interaction. The actual existent structures may have parts of their nature that do not interact at all with other structures or if they do interact it may be in a way that does not produce any property effects that we are capable of sensing in any way. In either case we could not know of the existence of such parts or their interactions. People like to think of the actual existent structure as the sum of all of its observed effects. This could be true in some or even all cases, but it could also be false and we do not have any way to determine which is the case in actual reality.

Another problem is that of the lack of understanding of the difference between the actual structure and the observed properties of that structure. To get an idea of what I am talking about let's look at the simplest structure that we can discern, a simple motion. A simple motion expresses itself to us in the form of only a few basic properties in its interactions with the spatial system. First, it continually changes its position in the spatial dimensional structure. Second, these changes always occur in the same directional line within that dimensional structure. Third, each motion contains a certain amount of or amplitude of motion, such that while one motion travels a certain distance in its path another motion may travel twice as far. The actual structure that generates these observed properties could be much different from just the sum of the properties. The motion could be a program on a computer interacting with a dimensional spatial program on the computer in such a way as to produce the observed effects in an output matrix structure. Those programs could also produce outputs that would give other information to some other special observer that has access to that part of the program by interactions with it in some way that we cannot detect. Although we can only know the motion in terms of the effects that we can detect, it is always good to keep in mind that in reality it could be much more or much different than we think it is. It is, therefore, important to not confuse the observed effects as being the structure that generates the effects. As an example, if you could develop a method to observe the conditions within a black hole and you found that the dimensionality changed in accordance to the Fibonacci sequence, it would not mean that the Fibonacci sequence somehow caused the dimensionality change or that it was even an actual part of the black hole's structure. It would only mean that parts of the actual structure interacted with other parts of it in such a way as to generate the effects of appearance of dimensionality change that agree in sequence to the results of the Fibonacci sequence. The actual Fibonacci sequence is just an abstract mathematical concept based on how numbers relate to each other. It is not an actual object, but only a relation between objects (the numbers). Numbers are also abstract concepts and not existent objects in themselves until they are applied to an actual existent object. Then they are properties of that object and may or may not be a part of the objects actual structure. As an example, if we define a specific motion as having a motion amplitude of one unit of motion amplitude, we have applied the number one as a property of that motion. If the actual structure of the motion is that it is a program stored within a computer, it may not actually be moving at all, but only be generating that effect in an output matrix. Moreover, we could have defined a different motion with twice the motion amplitude as having a motion amplitude of one unit. The motion mentioned first would then have a motion amplitude of one half unit of motion amplitude. From this you can see that the number one is not a part of the motion's internal structure, but only a relational property we apply to the motions for comparison purposes. It is the actual differences in the quantities of motion contained in one motion compared to that in another motion that is the true difference in relational effect that tells us that all motions are not exactly the same in all respects. The abstract numbers that we apply to motions only tell us how much different one motion is from some other motion in that effect of position change amount. In short form, it is not the Fibonacci sequence that would cause the black hole to change dimensionality. Instead, it would be the internal structures of the parts of the black hole interacting with one another that would create the observed effect that had a sequence of dimensionality variation that was the same as the Fibonacci sequence. There could be something in the internal structural information in each of the parts that would give that result under the interaction conditions present in the black hole or it could be that the interaction conditions themselves create that sequential result. Of course, one would need to take into consideration not only the structure of the motions that interact with each other, but also the structure of the spatial dimensional system that they also interact with. The reason that I mention this is that I have seen some who seem to believe that math created the universe when in fact it is only an abstract language that shows relationships between (and possibly also within the structure of) the actual entities (structures) that exist in that creation. I am not making a comment here on the existence of black holes or of their true nature of operation if they do exist, but since your paper is predominantly about such things I framed my response to you in those terms. Man has not yet determined such things so it would be useless for me to go into detail about whether your concept agrees with observed reality or not since there are no detailed observational results to base things on that can be given at this time.

Information is also much more than is usually considered when the concept of information conservation it talked about. Because the structure and the information are the same thing, when simple structures like simple motions are combined together into more complex structures (such as matter particles combined together to make atoms, etc.), more hierarchical layers of information are also created. This is because the combination is accomplished by continual cyclical interaction bonds that both contain the information of their structure and can also generate external interactional information when interacting with other structures. So, if your house was to fall into a black hole, in order for there to be true information conservation you would not only need to conserve the structural information that was contained in each matter particle, but all of the other hierarchical information structure that existed at all levels of structure of your house. It should, therefore, be obvious that information is not conserved, since much of the information stored in the structure of your house could be destroyed if it had an explosion and fire due to a gas leak, etc. The same would apply on a smaller scale if you broke an atom down into its constituent matter particles or if you broke a matter particle down into an energy photon and then broke the energy photon down into a simple motion. Where does all of the information stored in a matter particle that tells you what kind of matter particle it is go when you change it into an energy photon?

Thank you again for the positive comments and I hope we agree on the above also.

Sincerely,

Paul B.

Hi Paul,

Great example relating it to Fibonacci and Black Hole dimensionality. I agree that the sequence is abstract until it is applied to something real and that this describes interaction between dimensionality. So yes math didn't create the universe, but is a language which emerges from it, perhaps able to describe it.

I think you put this very well here - so I understand your very well thought out point.

All the best,

Antony

9 days later

Hello Paul,

Thank you for your very detailed and thorough answer. If possible, leave your comment on my forum and give your fair evaluation of my essay and my ideas. Best regards.

Vladimir

Paul,

Excellent and well executed essay, I must say! I found your understanding of the topic intuitive and reflective in many ways of the findings of a recently concluded 12 year experiment I have conducted. I am please to give you a high rating. However before I do, I would like to run some questions by you if I may via email. My email address is: msm@physicsofdestiny.com

I look forward to hearing from you and supporting your efforts.

Manuel

Paul,

Interesting way of explaining that internal structural information is not completely knowable, having to look at it through relational information.

"The answer to this question is neither. Instead it should be: it

is bit and bit is either it or at least derived from it. This is because structure and its information are the same thing."

Since this is what you say about the contest question, I assume you mean that structure and its information are the same thing because you can reverse engineer the house (used as an example) and its information is intrinsic to the structure.

In "It's Good to be the King" I debunk the Anthropic Principle and Wheeler's "It from Bit" concept but must admit I have no alternative model.I would like to see you view of my essay.

Jim

Hello Paul!

Crikey, you use long paragraphs!

That aside, I enjoyed reading your paper and like the idea of a hierarchical universe. Indeed I wonder whether you might show this hierarchy beginning with the foundational structure of the Harmony Set of my essay and working into higher levels.

If you like my work or see a connection, please comment, and feel free to rate it accordingly (9 or 10 is fine!). You may find it a bit abstract but not too hard mathematically.

Best wishes

Stephen Anastasi

Dear Antony,

Sorry it took so long for me to respond. Many things came up that I had to attend to that kept me from getting back to check on my page here.

I could not say that the Fibonacci sequence actually describes the interaction between dimensionality within a black hole because as of yet man has not been able to make observations that would support the concept that dimensionality would in fact decrease from three dimensions to zero dimensions within a black hole. I could agree with you, however, that it can be used as part of a possible description of the concept of such a change of dimensionality and if later observations support that such a change actually occurs it could then be used as a way of describing that change. On the other hand if, for example, the dimensionality remains the same, but the size at the center merely decreases to the point that no further interaction can take place with our structural level, (the structural disconnect point) but that size is the threshold point to the next smaller structural level, so that entities that are accelerated through that point have their fifth vector motion increased to a level that causes them to be reduced in size such that they can then interact with entities in that smaller fifth vector level, then the Fibonacci sequence might not apply at all. Such concepts are well beyond man's current ability to discern, however.

You make a very good point that math is a language that emerges from the creation. Of course, the actual mathematical symbols that have been chosen by man to represent various quantities and their relationships to each other are only abstract representations of the actual quantities and their relations to each other and are not always chosen in a way that makes it clear what they represent, but the actual quantities and their actual relations with each other that can be measured, do emerge from the structure that generates them and can tell us things about that structure when properly interpreted. Proper interpretation usually requires that the measurements of many different observations be combined to look for the understandings that they all lead to. The fact that such complex mathematical relationships exist in the structure of the universe indicates that the universe is not a chance mechanism, but that it is based on logical sets of rules of operation and interaction. The math emerges from the creation because it was placed there by its creator, who used it to make the entities in the creation all work together in the way that was chosen for the creation to work to accomplish its intended purposes.

Thank you for your compliment. I always try to present points as clearly as I can, considering all of the applicable constraints that I must follow in their presentation.

Sincerely,

Paul B.

    Dear Paul,

    I'm glad you come back to the forum! I'm waiting for you on my forum. Your opinion is very valuable to me.

    With kind regards and best wishes,

    Vladimir

    Dear James,

    Thank you for the comment that an aspect of my paper is interesting.

    You are close, but not quite there. The information stored in the structure of the house exists because it is the structure. This would be the case whether anyone was present to reverse engineer the house or not. Any existent entity not only contains all of the information about it, that information is stored in it in the form of its structure. The information is, what it is and what it is, is the information. If a man could perfectly reverse engineer the house, he would only be observing all of the information of what it is and copying that information either into an exact copy of that house (a literal information copy) or in some abstract form such as a written representation of that information in some language such as English (an abstract copy of that information).

    I read your paper and found it interesting. I would have liked to see a more positive summary at the end that strongly confirmed your position and all of your reasons substantiating that position, but even as it is, it is one of the best (if not the best) paper that I have seen with the possible exception of mine in the FQXI contests that points out many of the problems with many current physics theories that are more built around the desire of man to think of himself as god and to deny the possibility of the existence of the true God than any attempt to be consistent with observed reality. The only possible exception is that quantum events do not really occur based on probability alone, but only appear to be so because man has not yet gained an understanding of and the ability to observe and control the lower level of structure that generates those probabilities and determines the actual outcome that will occur from a given interaction. Just because man has not presently observed and understood the underlying mechanisms that cause the various outcomes and their probabilities, it does not follow that such mechanisms do not exist. I have given a basic description of a model that can explain those mechanisms in my other previous contest papers on FQXI, if you are interested. I hope that I have been of some help to you.

    Sincerely,

    Paul B.

    Dear Stephen,

    I am glad you enjoyed my paper. I am also glad that you like the idea of a hierarchical universe, since all observational information indicates that our universe is structured that way. The broad categories of the hierarchy would be as follows. The bottom level of the hierarchy, at least as far as I can go into at this time, would be the empty dimensional system. The second level would be simple motions called sub-energy particles, followed by sub-energy field structures of various complexities. Next would be the level of the energy photon and other such particles with fourth vector motions. After that would come matter particles with fifth vector motions. Above that would be atoms. After that would come molecules, etc., and then would come single element larger scale items, followed by more complex multi-element compound structures. The previous two levels could be expanded into other sub-levels based on size and complexity of structure. All of the structures in all of these levels except the first one are composed of basic motions or combinations thereof.

    As dependence on various abstract math and logic models to the exclusion of reality based observational information has resulted in great confusion in the present science community, I am trying to encourage the return to basing concepts on observational information instead of abstract math and/or logic models that are not connected to reality through observational information, I will, therefore, leave it up to you to connect them into your theory as you desire. I feel that I should caution you that all interactions even between two entities of the same level are not equal. As an example, the actual outcome of an interaction between two matter particles, even the same kind of particles, depends on the alignment and phasing of their fourth and fifth vector motions at the point of interaction, etc. You can read my other papers and comments on this site to get more information if you desire.

    Because I have seen the devastating results of following abstract models that are not connected to reality even when it is pointed out that they do not agree with observed information from reality, I could not give you a very high rating on your paper. With me you are lucky, however, because I am not competing for the prize as others are. I am just trying to transfer needed information to man in preparation for the next advancement level. I, therefore, am not rating others papers so as to not unduly influence the outcome of the contest. I am glad this is the case because I believe that it would be better to base the choice of winners more on the merit of the information provided in the papers and less on the personality, political skill and conformity to specific preferred concepts of the contestants, but that is not for me to control, so I am glad I can ignore all that and just provide the information as appropriate.

    I encourage you to be sure that your model always is tested by and conformed to observed reality information.

    Sincerely,

    Paul B.

    Dear Paul,

    A very well written piece, uninterrupted by mathematical equations. Your perspective from a literary position is well argued. You may want to add to this a view of the topic from the philosophical perspective, also not obscured by equations! Then if you are inclined, you may read the judgement in the case of Atomistic Enterprises Inc. vs. Plato & Ors delivered on Jul. 28, 2013 @ 11:39 GMT after taking some of the views of FQXi community members into consideration.

    Best regards,

    Akinbo

    Dear Akinbo,

    I sent this comment yesterday and it appeared on my page, but when I looked today it was no longer there. I am sending it again today in case there was some software problem that caused it to be deleted, etc.

    TO FQXI: If it was deleted purposely for some reason, please let me know why in an email to me or in a comment on this page, so I can understand the reason and modify future comments to conform to requirements. I would not intentionally go against the rules, but I realize that the interpretation of rules can often vary between different individuals.

    Thank you for your positive comments about my paper. I have tried to look at things from the philosophical perspective and also from the abstract math model perspective, but I have found both to be lacking in some way at least for my uses. The philosophical approach tends to lack depth when analyzing reality, which is extremely deep and complex in structure. The arguments often only scratch the surface of all of the various possibilities concerning a subject, but act as though that surface analysis is all that can possibly be involved. As an example, in your paper, the concept that things don't actually move, but the monad in front of the object is turned into a dimensionless point while a dimensionless point behind the object is turned into a monad to create the illusion of motion. Nothing is mentioned about the mechanism that causes these things to work this way. Also, what substance is a monad composed of and where does that substance go when it is changed into a dimensionless point and where does it come from when a dimensionless point is changed into a monad? Are monads conserved, so that there is always the same number of them in the universe or are they increasing in number as the universe expands, etc.? If they can just appear anywhere at any time, how come we don't see things just randomly start moving around, etc.? These things are just some of the depth that reality based research would lead one to investigate and determine, but philosophical arguments often don't bring to mind because only a very narrow focus is often involved. The math models can have much greater depth, but it is easy to get into thinking only in terms of the perceived beauty of some number sequence or formula, etc. and becoming so preoccupied with the math that contact with reality is lost in the process. I, therefore, have found that a slightly modified version of the scientific method works best for me. It goes something like this:

    1. Look at as much observational information about the concept that you are researching as you can and continually update that information in the light of new observational information.

    2. Analyze the information:

    a. Look for structural patterns that show the similarities and differences in different structures within a structural level and between different levels of construction.

    b. Look for the structure of sequences of action and variation or change in structure.

    c. Look for valid and invalid operations and sequences of action, etc.

    d. Look for the various structural ties or bonds between entities both at the same and other structural levels.

    e. There are many other things to analyze, but the above give a beginning idea.

    3. Make an hypothesis based on the above analysis to explain the existence and operation of those things which are indicated to exist by the observational information, but either have not yet been proven to exist by the current information or have been proven to exist, but their structure and/or details of the way that they operate are still unknown due to lack of detailed information.

    4. Identify current scale and all other limitations on observation and analysis, etc.

    5. In accordance with all of the above, generate experiments to test the hypothesis.

    6. Acquire or make the necessary test and other equipment needed to carry out and analyze the above mentioned experiments.

    7. Do the experiments

    8. Analyze the resulting information produced by the experiments to see if the hypothesis is proven or disproven by them:

    a. If it is proven, go back to item 1. above to look for more understanding on the research of the same concept or go on to the next concept to be researched.

    b. If it is disproven, or neither proven nor disproven, either go to 3. above to make another hypothesis if one is indicated by results of the experiments or go to 1. above to check on the previous analysis of the information for indications that lead to a new hypothesis or analyze all of the information again in light of the new experimental information from the experiments to see if a new hypothesis is indicated.

    9. If none of this works you may have to wait for more information to be discovered.

    The above is just a rough outline of the procedure. Note that it is continually tied to reality generated observed information.

    Of course, math has its place in the development of the understanding of the various relationships between entities and in their quantities, etc. and philosophy is of use in areas where science cannot be applied.

    I have studied the discrete verses continuous debate and found that the linear motion of an energy photon could be considered to be continuous. When looking at matter, although each level of structure discovered so far is generally composed of discrete entities; those entities are then composed of still smaller discrete entities. As to whether the smallest level is discrete or continuous, however, cannot be discerned by man at this time because it is not known how many more smaller levels exist and what their structures are. This is because of man's current size scale limitations. Currently man tends to think that matter particles and energy photons are the smallest entities, but they are only the tip of the iceberg. It may be a few hundred years before that knowledge is opened up fully for man in this world, however. At that time life will change drastically for man in a short time. For now though, the continuous/discrete debate is one of those things that can be philosophically debated by man because science cannot be adequately applied due to the current scale limitations.

    Sincerely,

    Paul B.

    Thanks, Paul, for taking an interest. We all like to have our ideas consdered.

    Jim

    Dear Paul,

    I am really enjoyed reading your essay. I find there many confirmations to own viewpoints and I just very inclined to rate your work as one valuable for me in this contest. The main thing for my that you have clearly formulated that is indivisibility real object and real information. And the abstract information is only human's creation and it can have value for our brain only. Please you spent small time and open my work ES text which have some different direction. I hope it will interesting for you and you will see some communication between our thinking base.

    I hope get some your comments in my forum then we will complete our opinions.

    with good wishes,

    George

    Dear Akinbo,

    Thank you for your positive comments about my paper. I have tried to look at things from the philosophical perspective and also from the abstract math model perspective, but I have found both to be lacking in some way at least for my uses. The philosophical approach tends to lack depth when analyzing reality, which is extremely deep and complex in structure. The arguments often only scratch the surface of all of the various possibilities concerning a subject, but act as though that surface analysis is all that can possibly be involved. As an example, in your paper, the concept that things don't actually move, but the monad in front of the object is turned into a dimensionless point while a dimensionless point behind the object is turned into a monad to create the illusion of motion. Nothing is mentioned about the mechanism that causes these things to work this way. Also, what substance is a monad composed of and where does that substance go when it is changed into a dimensionless point and where does it come from when a dimensionless point is changed into a monad? Are monads conserved, so that there is always the same number of them in the universe or are they increasing in number as the universe expands, etc.? If they can just appear anywhere at any time, how come we don't see things just randomly start moving around, etc.? These things are just some of the depth that reality based research would lead one to investigate and determine, but philosophical arguments often don't bring to mind because only a very narrow focus is often involved. The math models can have much greater depth, but it is easy to get into thinking only in terms of the perceived beauty of some number sequence or formula, etc. and becoming so preoccupied with the math that contact with reality is lost in the process. I, therefore, have found that a slightly modified version of the scientific method works best for me. It goes something like this:

    1. Look at as much observational information about the concept that you are researching as you can and continually update that information in the light of new observational information.

    2. Analyze the information:

    a. Look for structural patterns that show the similarities and differences in different structures within a structural level and between different levels of construction.

    b. Look for the structure of sequences of action and variation or change in structure.

    c. Look for valid and invalid operations and sequences of action, etc.

    d. Look for the various structural ties or bonds between entities both at the same and other structural levels.

    e. There are many other things to analyze, but the above give a beginning idea.

    3. Make an hypothesis based on the above analysis to explain the existence and operation of those things which are indicated to exist by the observational information, but either have not yet been proven to exist by the current information or have been proven to exist, but their structure and/or details of the way that they operate are still unknown due to lack of detailed information.

    4. Identify current scale and all other limitations on observation and analysis, etc.

    5. In accordance with all of the above, generate experiments to test the hypothesis.

    6. Acquire or make the necessary test and other equipment needed to carry out and analyze the above mentioned experiments.

    7. Do the experiments

    8. Analyze the resulting information produced by the experiments to see if the hypothesis is proven or disproven by them:

    a. If it is proven, go back to item 1. above to look for more understanding on the research of the same concept or go on to the next concept to be researched.

    b. If it is disproven, or neither proven nor disproven, either go to 3. above to make another hypothesis if one is indicated by results of the experiments or go to 1. above to check on the previous analysis of the information for indications that lead to a new hypothesis or analyze all of the information again in light of the new experimental information from the experiments to see if a new hypothesis is indicated.

    9. If none of this works you may have to wait for more information to be discovered.

    The above is just a rough outline of the procedure. Note that it is continually tied to reality generated observed information.

    Of course, math has its place in the development of the understanding of the various relationships between entities and in their quantities, etc. and philosophy is of use in areas where science cannot be applied.

    I have studied the discrete verses continuous debate and found that the linear motion of an energy photon could be considered to be continuous. When looking at matter, although each level of structure discovered so far is generally composed of discrete entities; those entities are then composed of still smaller discrete entities. As to whether the smallest level is discrete or continuous, however cannot be discerned by man at this time because it is not known how many more smaller levels exist and what their structures are. This is because of man's current size scale limitations. Currently man tends to think that matter particles and energy photons are the smallest entities, but they are only the tip of the iceberg. It may be a few hundred years before that knowledge is opened up fully for man in this world, however. At that time life will change drastically for man in a short time. For now though, the continuous/discrete debate is one of those things that can be philosophically debated by man because science cannot be adequately applied due to the current scale limitations.

    Sincerely,

    Paul B.

    Dear Paul,

    Many thanks for these very well thought out points. I'll take them on board to consider deeper. Of course you are right that we can't explore Black Holes.

    Thanks again and all the best,

    Antony

    Dear Paul

    We are at the end of this essay contest.

    In conclusion, at the question to know if Information is more fundamental than Matter, there is a good reason to answer that Matter is made of an amazing mixture of eInfo and eEnergy, at the same time.

    Matter is thus eInfo made with eEnergy rather than answer it is made with eEnergy and eInfo ; because eInfo is eEnergy, and the one does not go without the other one.

    eEnergy and eInfo are the two basic Principles of the eUniverse. Nothing can exist if it is not eEnergy, and any object is eInfo, and therefore eEnergy.

    And consequently our eReality is eInfo made with eEnergy. And the final verdict is : eReality is virtual, and virtuality is our fundamental eReality.

    Good luck to the winners,

    And see you soon, with good news on this topic, and the Theory of Everything.

    Amazigh H.

    I rated your essay.

    Please visit My essay.

    Hello Paul,

    Thanks for the reply above. I've rated your essay now highly as I think it deserves to be further up the rankings. Hope thus helps.

    Best wishes and look forward to further discussions in the future!

    Antony

    Paul,

    Just reviewing for final scoring and found I'd missed the above.

    I agree the 'simplest' motion may be linear but I'm saying the difference between mathematics and nature is the nature is never perfectly linear. In this case all particles do indeed consist of motion but circular motion, becoming a spiral with motion of the whole. This is the ubiquitous 'orbital angular momentum', or 'spin'.

    The fondamental EM field form is a torus. A donut, and that is the fundamental particle model. this is also a simple twin vortex closed on itself. If a photon is one torus an electron may then be two interacting (a 'hypertorus') on the shared axis. They are 'wound' (Hopf fibres) around the body (Clifford algebra describes them) so have the complex 'spins' found. The torus moves through the background frame on it's axis (an almost straight line but affected by other influences, and also 'spreads' as the non-linear Schrodinger equation demands.

    When an electron absorbs a photon it's energy and radius increases before it 'spits it out' on the arrival axis and reduces again (Raman scattering). (See my last years essay).

    All particles then have a 'notional' centre of mass, which is not really that 'notional' as it is the centre of rotation and can be utilised as a nominal spatial co-ordinate position of the non-zero size particle.

    And yes. When they meet and interact they form more complex structures. You make an assumption about the gravitational field of a particle with no evidence. It is likely to be entirely proportional. All larger bodies are made up of them! In fact the smaller the AGN is the faster it spins, like a ballet dancer!

    The extraordinary cohesion and power of a dynamic torus is shown in the cool short video; Duck or they'll getcha!. The Dirac version is represented here, with the 'twin vortex' just appearing at the end.

    Dirac's reduced toroid motion video

    Does that help clarify, though it's hardly scratching the surface. The 'proof of the pudding' in the power of the model, is in the resolution of the complexity and EPR results at the end of the essay. Did you rate it for me? I don't recall a post there. I think yours has anyway earned a good score if only for it's incisive recognition of the limited role of symbols, and of the concept of relativity with a local background (as my last 2 essays).

    Best wishes

    Peter

    Dear Paul,

    I have now finished reviewing all 180 essays for the contest and appreciate your contribution to this competition.

    I have been thoroughly impressed at the breadth, depth and quality of the ideas represented in this contest. In true academic spirit, if you have not yet reviewed my essay, I invite you to do so and leave your comments.

    You can find the latest version of my essay here:

    http://fqxi.org/data/forum-attachments/Borrill-TimeOne-V1.1a.pdf

    (sorry if the fqxi web site splits this url up, I haven't figured out a way to not make it do that).

    May the best essays win!

    Kind regards,

    Paul Borrill

    paul at borrill dot com

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