Dear Sir,

Many of your views in this essay has been discussed in our essay published on May 31 from a totally different perspective. You are welcome to visit us and comment on it.

In the field of science, the 19th century was one of experimentation, 20th century of excitement and 21st century of observation. Thus, it is no surprise that Wheeler was excited to find something he thought novel and was excited about it. But in hind sight, if we analyze his views minus excitement, we find a totally different story.

First: "everything we observe in the known Universe (the 'it') is less fundamental than the information that produces it (the 'bit')". Fundamental has been defined as of or relating to the foundation or base; elementary. Thus, the above statement means that the observable is nothing more than the sum total of ALL information (observation or reporting of the result of measurement) about the observable. Since every measurement measures only one aspect, how can we be sure that we have measured and correctly reported ALL aspects of something? Secondly, observation only reports the state and does not create or influence the state. The state can evolve in time independently. Thus, it is invariant to information or the absence of it. Information is the perception of the observer about the state of the observable in a universally communicable way. Hence the statement: "information that produces it" is not correct.

By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two. But what do 0 and 1represent? Number is a perceived property of substances by which we differentiate between similars. If there are no similars, it is one. If there are similars, it is many. Many can be 2,3,4,....n depending upon the sequence of perception. Zero represents the temporal absence at "here-now" of something that exists elsewhere. Only in this way, we can perceive the absence of something and label its number as zero. Thus, Wheeler's 0 and 1 represent the absence or presence of something or false and true about a statement. By themselves, they are meaningless. They acquire meaning only after they are associated with some observable. The concept was known as "ahoratra vaada" in ancient India and there is much literature on this subject. Nature functions in cycles and Fibonacci sequence is one such cycle.

As we have pointed out, observation is the reporting of a state of something at a given time. While the object evolves temporally, it the observation made at time t is "frozen" for use at other times when the state has changed further. Thus, information, which is the result of observation, is time invariant. The object, about which such information is obtained, is time variant. Hence the object cannot have information about itself. It is true that "no information from inside the black hole can be received"; but it due to our inability to measure in the first place. Without measurement, we cannot have information. Hence talking about its directionality is meaningless.

The concept of event horizon is based on false assumptions. A pulse of light evolves in time as a sphere and not as a circle. Hawking in his Brief history of Time has tricked everyone by first taking the Surface of Earth as 2-dimensional (which it is not) and then taking the example of a stone thrown into the surface of water. He added time as the third dimension (which it is not) before adding the third spatial direction as the fourth dimension. The circle formed on the surface of the water evolves in time as a bigger and bigger circle and not as a conic section. If you take the three spatial directions together, it will be an increasing sphere and not a time cone.

Direction has meaning only with reference to other objects, whereas dimension can be described without reference to other objects. Dimension of objects is the perception that differentiates the "internal structural space" from the "external relational space". Since such perception is mediated by electromagnetic interaction, where an electric field and a magnetic field move perpendicular to each other in a direction perpendicular to both, we have three mutually perpendicular directions. The talk of extra dimensions is non-sense. Even after more than a century, no one has any idea about it. When we talk about 1 or 2 dimensions, we really mean cross sections of a three dimensional object. Time does not satisfy this condition to be called a dimension. Yet, since space and time are infinite and co-exist independently as the base on which all transformations take place; we have to use unidirectional time to describe the state at any given moment.

There can be no negative direction for time or cause and effect. Consider an example:

A B → C D.

Here a force makes A interact with B to produce C and D. The same force doesn't act on C and D as they don't exist at that stage. If we change the direction of the force, B acts on A. Here only the direction of force and not the interval between the states before and after application of force (time) will change and the equation will be:

B A → C D and not B A ← C D.

Hence it does not affect causality.

Entropy is related to inertia. Elsewhere in these threads, we have discussed about it elaborately.

Let us apply our mind independently to everything that is told to us or are found in text books. Blind acceptance is superstition, which is harming the cause of science.

Regards,

basudeba

    Dear, Basudeba,

    I can't answer your comments above as we are clearly looking at reality in extremely different ways.

    Regards

    Antony

    Antony,

    Firts of all thank you for reading my essay.

    I just read yours. ersonnally I like very much The spirals of nature and Leonard de Pise, (Fibonacci). One of the causes of the beauty of our perceptance of nature is given in this mathematical sequence. Again a sequence....

    regarding the loss of information in Black Holes I tend to think like Abhay Ashtekar and Carlo Rovelli in their Loop Quantum Gravity perception. Their latest proposal tells us that in the heart of a black hole there is no singulairity (the same as my perception) but an entry to another dimension that can be the origin of a new universe. Infact they come almost to the same conlusion as I do , onlt my perception goes further because this "entrance" to another dimension (that I call Total Simultaneity) is everywhere . Indeed I do not believe in non dimensional points called "singularities". So when information enters a black hole it is not lost at all it just returns to its origins...

    best regards

    Wilhelmus

    Hello Wilhelus,

    Thanks for your kind comments. I'm glad you like the sequence approach. One thing it suggests is that the singularity (0) would not be a final point, because the sequence is driven backward via entropy. Also, due to -1, 1, 0, 1, 1 part of the sequence information always conserves information away from the singularity, so effectively information can't fall into it, but are effected become new dimensions.

    Thus I think we have very compatible views here. Again I enjoyed your essay and wish you the best of luck in the contest!

    Antony

      Good idea for use Fibonacci on the quantum cosmology.I am try it also on science forum

      http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/72326-did-the-universe-unwinded-by-fibonacci-sequence/

        Thank you Yuri,

        I will take a look!

        All the best,

        Antony

        After reading Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta's essay (Information, Reality and Relics of Cosmic Microwave Background), where I noticed the abstract says - "a mere description of material properties does not produce material". While of course materials do give information.

        I realised I'd concluded differently in my essay.

        I think perhaps reality can be more fundamental than information. At the very least, I would not say that information is likely more fundamental than reality itself, but then that's the beauty of this competition, it encourages shared ideas!

          I've read Eckard Blumschein's essay - Shannon's View on Wheeler's credo

          I then posted the following - which I have pasted over here:

          Shannon's view "We know the past but cannot control it. We control the future but cannot know it" jumped out at me as analogous to my essay's observer/observation approach that revealed a Fibonacci pattern.

          In my case it would be: - We know some information but cannot reveal it. We reveal some information but cannot collect more.

          I already suggested an arrow of time from this, but your essay has further helped make it relevant given the Shannon analogy.

          Hi Antony,

          Thanks for your comment on my blog.

          Your paper is very nice and that is no flattery. There may even be something hidden and very fundamental in your description of Fibonacci sequences.

          But before I comment further, let me say I am still sceptical about the black hole idea, i.e. that all mass can be compressed to a point of "zero" dimension and the attribute of mass will still remain conserved with a surrounding event horizon.

          I suspect that mass is a derived attribute of extension (space) and this is not impossible to be derived from a peculiar Fibonnaci sequence. Another clue that mass is not an absolute attribute is from cosmology. Was all the mass now present in the universe now, there at a beginning or has the universe's mass been increasing with its radius?

          Let me leave that for now and comment on parts of your essay devoid of black holes...

          You say: I suggest in this essay that the foundations for reality begin with emergence of 0 and 1 dimensionality at a singularity resulting in the Universe we live in and in which information is processed.

          I agree perfectly with this, as you can see with the line of thought in my essay.

          You say: Despite Wheeler's 0 and 1 being mainly symbolic, the basic idea of 0 and something as alternative answers to yes/no questions lends to information. Likewise, Fibonacci begins with something and nothing.

          Again, I agree. If you see my reference to Julian Barbour's essay in previous year's essay, he argued that 0 and 1, though symbolic must stand for something that is real and has two alternative states, symbolized as 0 and 1.

          You say: Fibonacci sequences appear in biological settings, in two

          consecutive Fibonacci numbers, such as branching in trees [1], arrangement of leaves on a stem, the fruitlets of a pineapple [2], the flowering of artichoke, an uncurling fern and the arrangement of a pine cone [3]. The Fibonacci numbers are also found in the family tree of honeybees [4. Perhaps it isn't too much of a leap of faith to include reality's relationship with information, "It

          from Bit", as another of Fibonacci's attributes.

          Brilliant! Wheeler wished to derive mass from massless things, charge from chargeless things and field without field in his geometrodynamic scheme. The details are not yet worked out, but I suspect that similarly, monads and their ON (1) and OFF (0) may give rise to Fibonacci-like patterns that can cause annihilation of space between like patterns (attraction at a distance) or emergence of space (repulsion).

          Best regards,

          Akinbo

            Thank you for reading my essay, I see that you appreciate my style: it is a satisfaction.

            I read and score quickly the essays, I remain a dozen to read and score (I am busy in this moment).

            I reread your article, that it is interesting (like many others this, and the others, year).

            I am thinking that the dimension reduction near the singularity of the black hole (photon cannot leave the surface of the black hole: dimension 2) cannot be so abrupt, so that can be possible a continuous reduction of the dimension (with transcendetal number dimension); so that near the singularity must be a fractal photon path (used to measure the dimensionality): I think a foam of spherical curvature (like Swiss cheese), that deflect the photon path: an open-cell foam distant from singularity, and a closed-cell foam near the singularity, with the gravitational energy that produces balls of curvature.

              Yuri - I have left a comment over on your page - best wishes,

              Antony

              Hi Akinbo,

              Thank you so much for your kind words and looking at my essay so thoroughly. I'm delighted you left these useful and constructive comments.

              I hope too that it provokes interest along the lines of Wheeler with regard to something from nothing, as this is a subject very close to my heart. In fact this essay arose from my geometric theory of everything that also gives rise to asymmetry from nothing.

              So to answer your question, I think the current mass present in the Universe wasn't present at the pre-Big bang singularity, but the potential was.

              Then a simple geometric trick allowed asymmetry to occur, which actually conserved nothingness overall.

              Hopefully I'll be releasing a paper on this in a few months.

              Similarly then, the Black Hole situation would allow mass to be conserved at a zero sized point, because it is conserved by geometry about that point, where (as you point out) it extends to and beyond the event horizon.

              Again many thanks for your helpful comments!

              Best wishes for the contest,

              Antony

              Hi Domenico,

              Thanks for your comments.

              The fractal idea sounds plausible. Great to share these thoughts. Exactly - a photon could not leave the Singularity, so it can only observe more photons coming towards it. It can not be observed from anywhere else in the Universe.

              I agree that dimension reduction wouldn't be abrupt with regard to observation, but there are these defined locations where a change in observation occurs as we descend (theoretically) into a Black hole, that match the Fibonacci Sequence numbers.

              Best Wishes

              Antony

              Great discussion over at Kyle miller's page.

              His kind comments encouraged more relevant thoughts on my part, which I've copied over to this thread:

              I too feel that nature ought to have one singularity, but perhaps as time stops there, then all Black Hole singularities are equivalent to the pre-Big Bang singularity...

              Although the possibility that there are no singularities works well too. Around the Fibonacci sequence - we can't decay backwards from 1 to 0 without replicating 1. Also 1 appears both "sides" (positive and negative) of the sequence, suggesting that 0-dimensionality might be skipped. This would lead on to Hawking radiation, where information emerges, albeit scrambled.

              I do agree that my system would be hard to test. I guess it starts physical in the 3-D and 2-D and extrapolates back to an assumed 0-D (potential/theoretical) singularity, and is abstract in between.

              I like that you highlighted the golden ratio relationship to galactic spirals. Perhaps this may be related to Fibonacci starting at the central Black Holes?

              Hi Antony,

              I will be looking more at the Fibonnaci attributes. I suspect that complex appearances and attributes can be derived from the simplest of things using this principle.

              Concerning, your planned cosmology paper, you may check out if there are any useful ideas on some aspects I have written about. search: Ojo on arXiv.

              Best regards,

              Akinbo

              Hi Akinbo,

              I agree that the most complex aspects of reality must be derived from the most simple foundations. Ultimately, I like to start with complete nothingness.

              Thanks for your kind assistance - I look forward to reading your work on arXiv. Perhaps we may one day collaborate...?

              Delighted to "meet" you!

              Antony

              A thought-provoking take on the subject and an intriguing exploration of Pythagorean link between numbers and nature. In an accessible manner which can be convincing and comprehensible even to a layperson, the author successfully presents in few logical steps an attempt to combine the Fibonacci sequence with the questions of reality and its underpinning - information. What seems to be especially appealing is the intellectual effort to prove the possibility of deriving functions inherent to the fabric of realty from binary choices. In this concise essay the author skillfully manages to interweave the great questions of modern-day science such as the theory that information is fundamental to the physics of the universe, Hawking Radiation, entropy and quantum fluctuations. Fine base for further research that might possibly turn out to be an important jigsaw puzzle piece in tackling the problems of fundamental parameters, black hole information paradox and holographic principle.

              Hello Anna,

              Thanks for your wonderful review of my essay. I'm delighted by your comments, particularly that you found it thought provoking and that you describe it "as a jigsaw puzzle piece in tackling the problems of fundamental parameters".

              Also relieved that you found it concise. These are the very aims I'd hope to achieve!

              Best wishes,

              Antony

              Hi Hoang cao Hai,

              Thanks for this "information".

              Antony

              Anthony,

              Thanks for your comments on my essay blog. I was enjoyed reading yours, which was pleasant and interesting, and I suspect less hard work than mine, which is a bit 'dense'.

              I can only take issue with one point, though my issue is further from the current mainstream view than yours. You say;

              "...at a Black Hole's event horizon, information is not so free in all spatial directions - no pathways lead outwards."

              As an astronomer I have the view that theoretical physics seems about 20-100 years behind in many areas, particularly black holes, which are 'active galactic nuclii' (AGN's) and very closely studied if still not completely understood. They are toroidal, and do have a 'pathway out', ('outflows) though on the perpendicular to the body, precessing around the axis. At full blast these are quasar jets.

              But far prom being problematic this may add an interesting angle to your model, as all the information in the galaxy is re-ionized and blasted out to mix with fresh ionized matter to form the new galaxy (or possibly at a larger scale; 'universe').

              Such a recycling model which predicted the peculiar CMB anisotropies is implied here; Short AGN paper. It does have some lovely pictures!

              Anyway, well done with the essay. Certainly worth a higher score so delighted to assist. Best of luck.

              Peter

              Hello Peter,

              Thanks so very much for reading my essay & your kind comments (especially with regard to the score). I'm glad you found it interesting too. Yours was very pleasant to read - not too dense at all.

              I like your point raised about Black Holes/quasars. Fibonacci does allow for Hawing Radiation with the sequence -1, 1, 0. I agree that there are interesting implications when combined with the Galactic whole - great point.

              The "no pathways lead outwards" I was mostly thinking along the lines of purely information from say a particle, which was falling into the Black Hole, so that once it arrives at the event horizon its information can only fall inwards.

              The Fibonacci sequence in this context would suggest that information can skip past the singularity and be ejected as (Hawking) radiation.

              Thanks again for your time and making this very valid point!

              All the Best

              Antony

              Thank you very much Antony,

              Thank you for remembering my essay.

              All the reality, all the information about the matter by our 6 senses ( mind is another sense)are stored as stored as pictures in our mind. This picture we will share with other human beings when we live. What we transfer via the communication to others is INFORMATION, It is never a matter. We may hand ove a physical object such as a pen to others. That is only matter. That not information. The description about the pen is information.

              Hence by just information we can not create matter.....

              I also request you to have a look at Dynamic universe model:

              - - - Dark enrgy , dark matter are calculation mistakes.

              Please see, and discuss on any point, you feel not satisfied. . . .

              http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/2012/11/fundamental-questions-addressed-by.html

              Fundamental questions addressed by Dynamic Universe Model

              This Model is new Cosmological model fundamentally and mathematically different from Bigbang, Steady state model etc. I am giving below its Foundational points, Present Day unsolved problems, which can't be solved by other prominent models, New Satellite Mass reduction technology and publications (Four Books published).

              Main foundational points of Dynamic Universe Model:

              -No Isotropy

              -No Homogeneity

              -No Space-time continuum

              -Non-uniform density of matter, universe is lumpy

              -No singularities

              -No collisions between bodies

              -No blackholes

              -No warm holes

              -No Bigbang

              -No repulsion between distant Galaxies

              -Non-empty Universe

              -No imaginary or negative time axis

              -No imaginary X, Y, Z axes

              -No differential and Integral Equations mathematically

              -No General Relativity and Model does not reduce to GR on any condition

              -No Creation of matter like Bigbang or steady-state models

              -No many mini Bigbangs

              -No Missing Mass / Dark matter

              -No Dark energy

              -No Bigbang generated CMB detected

              -No Multi-verses

              best

              =snp.gupta@gmail.com

              Thanks for reply SNP,

              I'll read over your essay again after reading the amendments & extra information.

              All the best,

              Antony

              Please take a look at another essay from Hon Jia Koh. He kindly wrote this on his page, which I hope to discuss further here or there:

              Thanks Antony. Your essay is a refreshing great read. The use of dimension as pathway for information travel at event horizon is inspiring. A missing part of my essay which I wish to discuss more is about how information, matter and energy translate (travel) and develop (change) over spacetime.

              The ability to extend the use of a well-studied area like Fibonacci Sequence to a new horizon is impressive. Mathematics phenomenons have a sublime beauty in manifesting and explaining observable nature that capture the imagination of many great people. Challenging their hidden mysteries and limits could be rewarding and illuminating. From Pythagoras up until before Bernhard Riemann and Einstein, Pythagorean theorem was taken to imply that space was flat as opposed to curved.

              Cheers,

              Hon Jia

                Hi Antony,

                Thank you for your comments on my blog.

                I also think that numbers and nature are linked. Your Fibonacci approach is interesting. In my theory, I speculate that the Planck Length has something to do with the golden ratio. I said "speculate" because as soon as you start talking about the golden ratio or the Fibonacci sequence in explaining the Universe, a lot of people, unfortunately, don't take you seriously.

                Good luck with the contest.

                Cheers,

                Patrick

                  Hi, Antony,

                  First, thank you for taking the time to read my essay.

                  Your essay is a fascinating use of the Fibonacci sequence that I had not encountered before. Combining the present use of simplexes in mapping out the information of a black hole with the reduction of dimensions which apparently occurs to an object falling into the black hole in order to avoid the Information Paradox, your further extension of these ideas appear quite natural. Of course, the devil is in the details, and one would want to see if your approach would mesh with the more intricate details of black hole mechanics, but it definitely is worth a try to bring such a concept of dimension conservation into play. The way you interpreted the negative numbers in the sequence was quite elegant. All in all, a thought-provoking essay.

                  All the best, David

                  Hi Patrick,

                  My pleasure - I enjoyed your essay. I think that speculation is what this contest is all about as that's the way to answer Foundational questions. I think we've both had a really good go at that! I feels intuitive that Planck and thus other constants of nature should unite in a simple way. Nice to find essays sort of overlap and/or compliment each other.

                  Thanks for your kind comments and best wishes for the contest,

                  Cheers,

                  Antony

                  Hi David,

                  I am really enjoying reading the other essays. Yours was a pleasure!

                  Glad you found the Fibonacci approach thought provoking and thanks for your kind comments.

                  I would like to see if the concept would extend to more intricate details of Black Hole mechanics. This would be a good test of the idea!

                  Thanks so much for the valuable discussion here!

                  Best wishes,

                  Antony

                  A friend sent me the following message:

                  "Superb rationale and reasoning. One question, what happens to the Higgs field within the event horizon :-) I'll leave you to ponder that one"

                  Great question - I'll have to think about this one thoroughly. My first instinct would be that it exists as the dimensions do - so information about mass passes out of a Black Hole via the negative sequence.

                  Great question! Any thoughts on this anyone else?

                  Hi Antony,

                  an interesting interpretation of the essay question. Very different, meant in a good way. The Fibonacci sequence does seem to be a recurrent theme of nature, associated with growth, and popular with many people too. Probably because we find it beautiful. You lost me part way through, though I read on to the end. Black holes and number theory are not favorite topics to contemplate I'm afraid, but I appreciate what you are demonstrating. Its good to see how much interest your essay is getting in this discussion thread. Good luck, Georgina

                  Hi Georgina,

                  Glad you found it interesting and original. Thanks for your comments - I appreciate that you mention the beauty of the sequence as this can be forgotten when simply looking at the numbers, but nature does seem to work this way. Anything I can clarify - I'd be glad to!

                  Good luck to you too,

                  Best wishes,

                  Antony

                  Dear Antony,

                  I have down loaded your essay and soon post my comments on it. Meanwhile, please, go through my essay and post your comments.

                  Regards and good luck in the contest.

                  Sreenath BN.

                  http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/1827

                    Dear Antony,

                    I read your essay and found it interesting and imaginative. Perhaps my main concern, a result I am sure of being grounded in conventional physics for far too long, is your early remark :

                    "Perhaps it isn't too much of a leap of faith to include reality's relationship with information, "It

                    from Bit", as another of Fibonacci's attributes."

                    Personally, I would say it is an enormous leap of faith, however attractive it may be :-) It would be great if one day we could show that the physical laws of quantum theory and quantum gravity reduce to an aspect of number theory intimately related to the Fibonacci sequence. But right now we are very far from being there, isn't it?

                    It would also seem interesting if you could relate the Fibonacci sequence to quantum probabilities and the Born rule, as well as with quantum linear superposition - key principles underlying the qubit and quantum information.

                    But caveats apart ... it is nice to come across an imaginative idea ...

                    Best,

                    Tejinder

                      Dear Tejinder,

                      Thanks for reading my essay and your comment - it is very much appreciated.

                      I can see that it appears a leap of faith, as I decided to mention in the essay, because I assumed the reader may think so - which is why I'm glad you raise the point.

                      From my other cosmogony work it is more empirical in nature.

                      Quantum superposition should be related to the Fibonacci sequence around a Black Hole since spatial dimensions outside allow all theoretically possible states, but according to the sequence (and my extended theory) measurements become limited, reducing to eventually one possible state only at the singularity.

                      It is very, very logical, but hard to prove though.

                      In the context of the contest though, I thought information and reality had to be at their mutual most fundamental at a Black Hole/singularity.

                      I really am grateful for your discussion with me and glad you found it interesting and imaginative too.

                      Best wishes,

                      Antony

                      Antony,

                      If given the time and the wits to evaluate over 120 more entries, I have a month to try. My seemingly whimsical title, "It's good to be the king," is serious about our subject.

                      Jim

                        Hello Jim,

                        I have both those attributes - yours is near the top of my list in the coming days.

                        Best wishes,

                        Antony

                        Dear Sreenath,

                        I like that you've considered the question of us as observers - it was an enjoyable essay to read! Also your conclusion that Bit may come from It is nicely explained.

                        Well done & best wishes,

                        Antony

                        Jim,

                        Well written, good use of history and you've certainly told the reader a story. Flowed superbly too. The conclusion that we are not divine yet observers was nice.

                        You've covered a lot of ground in a very clear and concise way.

                        Great job!

                        Best wishes,

                        Antony