Essay Abstract

A linear and constant Expansion of space after the big bang does not explain the uniform Setting of our universe. Recent measurments of cosmic background radiation give a strong evidence for the so called cosmic Inflation of space shortly after the big bang. The mechanism of cosmic Inflation, especially the stop of the Inflation at right moment are not understand. The propability for a stop of Inflation at a wrong moment is much higher than at the right moment. In this essay a new theory is described, that explain the beginning and the stop of the cosmic inflation by a very simple way. According to G.U.T. and the second low of thermodynamics the primal force expands, because in this situation no force exists to prevent the energy (space) from Expansion. The gravitational force derived from the primal force at a defined energy level(according to G.U.T.). In this moment time is created and velocities above the light Speed are not possible. Finally the cosmic inflation stops at this moment and a good inflation appered.

Author Bio

1964 Born in Rostock, Germany 1984 Dental degree (D.D.S.) Rostock University 1992 Medical degree (M.D.) Rostock University 1999 Ph.D. thesis Rostock University since 2005 dead of department craniomaxillofacial surgery at military Hospital Hamburg, Germany

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Professor Henkel,

Please do excuse me, I am a rusty old realist, and I think I have spotted a flaw in your essay. You wrote: "In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, entropy increases in a closed system, which basically means that energy within a system expands." Why do you take it for granted that the Universe is enclosed?

I think that one real unique Universe could only be eternally occurring in one real unique infinite dimension, once. I could be wrong although I doubt it.

    Kai,

    Nice well argued essay. As an astronomer I was particularly interested in your original view. I've researched and written on the topic myself certainly agree current "accepted" theory is nonsensical, if fact probably even more fundamentally flawed then you suggest. Though 'accepted' is really the wrong word. Not even the big bang itself is anything like 'universally' accepted.

    In fact support forinflation as the cause of the effects prescribed, lies well below the big bang itself, so to say "The existence of cosmic inflation has been "proven" by measurements of cosmic background radiation and present spatial structure" is not something most astronomers would do. As with most science nothing is 'proven' at all and the word should always be avoided (though I agree amny don't). All astronomy is provisional, just like physics and most science. History has taught (most of) us that.

    From that standpoint I entirely agree that, if we axiomise inflation, your proposal is very interesting with some advantages over certain others. Yet whether or not the proposal is correct can't be judged. The point here is the essay, and I commend you on yours, worth far more than the standard low scores some trolls are dishing out, which I received too.

    I hope you'll also read mine, which is rather ambitious but very 'reality' based with solid references.

    I wish you luck in the final results.

    Peter

      Interesting read. Could you elaborate a bit more on this:

      "Thereby, time is a form of energy linked to the expansion of space."

      And forgive me for asking a potentially silly question, but how does Dark Energy fit into this scheme if at all?

      All the best.

      John

        5 days later

        Dear Mr.Fischer,

        thank you for your comment. You are righth the whole universe is eternally, but not the bubble, that was formed by the big bang. This cosmic bubble is limited and expans in to the space outside our cosmic bubble. I think, it is clear that our cosmic bubble is a closed space by the outer surface of our cosmic bubble. Therefore our cosmic bubble, or with common words our universe, is a closed system from a physical point of view.

        By this backround I think the use of the second law of thermodynamics for the explanation of the cosmic inflation of our cosmic bubble is right to use for a theory of cosmic inflatiom.

        Best regards

        Kai Olaf Henkel

        Der Peter,

        Tank you for your comment. Sorry, I am Not a Natural englisch speaker. Thermometer my words in this Essay are relative simple. I agree with you, that the sciences are always in process and our results are only limited and provisional.

        I World like to read your article. Please send me your article. I am looking forward to discuss with you.

        Best regards

        Kai

        Dear John,

        Thank you for your comment. In this moment I do not take into consideration the Dark Energy, because it is not clear what is the Dark Energy. The Dark Energy is a theoretical energy to acelerates the cosmic expansion, likes it was measured about 15 years ago. But maybe this Concept is wrong, because an other explanation for this acelerations is the assumption of different Speed of Time in side and outside of galaxies. By this assumption the time flies slower in the Space between two galaxies, because the gravity is weaker according the Absence of mass (if there is nö dark Energy or dark matter).

        Why is time a form of energy and linked to space?

        In chapter three of my essay I develope a thesis about a physical definition of time. Therfore my explanation will be shortly. The explanation for the deviation of a light beam in the gravitation field of the sun due to the concept of space deviation. The basic problem in this concept is the absence of mass of space, it selfs. According to the Newton's Gravitation Law, the gravitationl force is in action between two masses. Well the space has no own mass and so there is no gravitational force effective between the sun and the spae around the Sun.

        A Second explanation is the concept of deceleration of time in a strong gravitational field, like it works closly around the Sun. This idea due to the definition of time as the quotient of Space and gravity. Therefore the existente of Time is linked to the existence of space. The basis of gravity is the mass. By Einstein's principle of equivalence energy is the product of mass and the Square of light Speed. Therefore gravity is a special kind of energy. According to the statement "time is the quotient of space and gravity", it is possible to say that time is a form of energy.

        I am sorry, it sounds strange but it is logical.

        Best regards

        Kai

        Dear Mr. Hoang cao Hai,

        Thank you for your nice question.

        Well, the existence of Time is linked to the existence of Space and gravity (Please see also chapter three of my Essay and the comment to Mr. Maguire above.)

        That means before the gravitational force split off from the primal force at an Energy level of 10 high15GeV (according to G.U.T.) was no time in our space bubble. Because the gravity was formend at this level of energy. You see, there are two Important moments in Theory of Big Bang according to G.U.T. The first, the Big Bang started at a level of energy around 10 high 19GeV and the space was formed, as the first prereqisite exists. The second, is the split off the gravity. In this moment the second prereqisite of time exists. Finally the time came in our cosmic Space bubble at this moment (Energy Level: 10 high 15GeV). That means the time did not started at big bang. The time starts totgehet with the existence of gravity.

        The space had the opportunity for an extremly rush expansion, the so called cosmic Inflation. Because velocity is the quotient of distance and time. But there is no Time, there is also no velocity. That means every point can be achived instantaneously.

        The Concept of "thermodynamic time arrow" supports also my Concept of Time. Our Space bubble is closed system and therefore the Second Low of Thermodynamic is valid. The Big Bang started with a very High entropy (Fluctuation of quantas due to a High mess, or better entropy. During the cosmic inflation the energy inside our cosmic bubble will be equal spread over the Volume of our Space bubble. That means in the moment of inflation Stops and the time Starts, in this Moment the entropy is very low. By the next steps of development our cosmic Space bubble the entropy is increasing according to the second low of thermodynamic and also the time Runs from history into the future.

        What do you think? Some silly ideas?

        Best regards

        Kai

        5 days later

        Dear

        Thank you for presenting your nice essay. I saw the abstract and will post my comments soon.

        So you can produce material from your thinking. . . .

        I am requesting you to go through my essay also. And I take this opportunity to say, to come to reality and base your arguments on experimental results.

        I failed mainly because I worked against the main stream. The main stream community people want magic from science instead of realty especially in the subject of cosmology. We all know well that cosmology is a subject where speculations rule.

        Hope to get your comments even directly to my mail ID also. . . .

        Best

        =snp

        snp.gupta@gmail.com

        http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.com/

        Pdf download:

        http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/essay-download/1607/__details/Gupta_Vak_FQXi_TABLE_REF_Fi.pdf

        Part of abstract:

        - -Material objects are more fundamental- - is being proposed in this paper; It is well known that there is no mental experiment, which produced material. . . Similarly creation of matter from empty space as required in Steady State theory or in Bigbang is another such problem in the Cosmological counterpart. . . . In this paper we will see about CMB, how it is generated from stars and Galaxies around us. And here we show that NO Microwave background radiation was detected till now after excluding radiation from Stars and Galaxies. . . .

        Some complements from FQXi community. . . . .

        A

        Anton Lorenz Vrba wrote on May. 4, 2013 @ 13:43 GMT

        ....... I do love your last two sentences - that is why I am coming back.

        Author Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta replied on May. 6, 2013 @ 09:24 GMT

        . . . . We should use our minds to down to earth realistic thinking. There is no point in wasting our brains in total imagination which are never realities. It is something like showing, mixing of cartoon characters with normal people in movies or people entering into Game-space in virtual reality games or Firing antimatter into a black hole!!!. It is sheer a madness of such concepts going on in many fields like science, mathematics, computer IT etc. . . .

        B.

        Francis V wrote on May. 11, 2013 @ 02:05 GMT

        Well-presented argument about the absence of any explosion for a relic frequency to occur and the detail on collection of temperature data......

        C

        Robert Bennett wrote on May. 14, 2013 @ 18:26 GMT

        "Material objects are more fundamental"..... in other words "IT from Bit" is true.

        Author Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta replied on May. 14, 2013 @ 22:53 GMT

        1. It is well known that there is no mental experiment, which produced material.

        2. John Wheeler did not produce material from information.

        3. Information describes material properties. But a mere description of material properties does not produce material.

        4. There are Gods, Wizards, and Magicians, allegedly produced material from nowhere. But will that be a scientific experiment?

        D

        Hoang cao Hai wrote on Jun. 16, 2013 @ 16:22 GMT

        It from bit - where are bit come from?

        Author Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta replied on Jun. 17, 2013 @ 06:10 GMT

        ....And your question is like asking, -- which is first? Egg or Hen?-- in other words Matter is first or Information is first? Is that so? In reality there is no way that Matter comes from information.

        Matter is another form of Energy. Matter cannot be created from nothing. Any type of vacuum cannot produce matter. Matter is another form of energy. Energy is having many forms: Mechanical, Electrical, Heat, Magnetic and so on..

        E

        Antony Ryan wrote on Jun. 23, 2013 @ 22:08 GMT

        .....Either way your abstract argument based empirical evidence is strong given that "a mere description of material properties does not produce material". While of course materials do give information.

        I think you deserve a place in the final based on this alone. Concise - simple - but undeniable.

          Kai: I'm a bit confused. At present, the speed of the universe's expansion is increasing. So, how is it right to say that cosmic inflation has "stopped at the right moment"?

          Der Marcus,

          Sorry that I have confused you. Indeed the Inflation is only the Short period of hughe and rapid Expansion of our cosmic bubble shortly After the Big Bang. After this Periode the Expansion Gose much slower. Therefore it is allowed to Speak from the stop of cosmic Inflation. That means the Moment of change from Explosive (Rapid) to Slow Expansion of Space.

          Best regards from

          Kai

          Der Mr. Gupta,

          Nice idea, but I think that is Not possible to cremte matter by only thinking. In my opinion matter is Energy, but thinking is Not Energy.

          Best regards

          Kai

          Hello, Kai!

          Thank you for a very interesting essay question focuses on the problem of the "beginning" and "inflation." I speak in the contest a second time not as a physicist but as a lyricist. Lyricists on the planet Earth most of them also do not care of what is the Universe. Of the universe (the Greek Cosmos - «order») people interested in the history of its formation as homo sapiens sapiens. The problem is not only in the "inflation" (from her, we were tired in the economy), but also that, when the "laws of nature"?. I have a question: «What is more logical reasoning and in line with our intuition, experience and thousands of years of tradition:" In the Beginning was the Logos ... "or "In the Beginning was the Big Bang?" I also invite you to read my essay ...Regards, Vladimir

            Kai,

            If given the time and the wits to evaluate over 120 more entries, I have a month to try. My seemingly whimsical title, "It's good to be the king," is serious about our subject.

            Jim

            10 days later

            Dear Prof. Dr. Kai-Olaf Henkel,

            After your clarification in response to Mr. Hoang cao Hai question that, "The time starts together with the existence of gravity." I realized that you had reached relatively the same conclusions that I have. The empirical evidence (not opinion) obtained in the recently concluded 12 year experiment I have conducted substantiates your position stated.

            You are not alone in your assessment!

            Best wishes,

            Manuel Morales

            msm@physicsofdestiny.com

              6 days later

              Dear Kai,

              Nice work and original. I've never bought the classical view of inflation, so welcome anything that questions it. Very interesting. Do you think this suggests It or Bit as more fundamental? I think you're initial point that it is far more likely that classical inflation stops at an unfavourable point rather than when it seems to have is good!

              If given the time, please take a look at my essay.

              Best wishes for the contest,

              Antony

                7 days later

                • [deleted]

                • Post #19

                Dear Kai,

                A new way of looking at cosmology. Well done!

                You can check my essay and rate if you like it.

                Best regards,

                Akinbo

                  Dear Vladimir,

                  The Universe, that we can observe is the Space bubble, that was created by the Big Bang. That means, the final question is the nature and the begining of the Thing in this our Space bubble expans. Maybe this is a Logos. Today only some spekulatives are possible.

                  Der Kai

                  Dear Mr.Hoang cao Hai,

                  Well, today nobody knows what gravity is. I think it is a Special Interaction of quantas in the Space. For Example, it is possible that two quantas are conected in shape of a fourangle. The area inside this fourangle describes the gravity.

                  I am Not sure.

                  Kai

                  Dear Manuel,

                  Thank you for your comment. I am happy, that I stand Not alone.

                  Thank you again,

                  Kai