Dear Mauro

Physics is hard, I know, and that's why I adopted the ANALOGICAL method as an alternative mode of entry into it.

Analogies are ramps for people with math deficiencies to see and feel what's going on in in physics and elsewhere. If we don't use the analogical methods, we would be blind as a bat to all the interesting stuffs that is going on in the world of scholarsip and research.

I also think Feynman's all-paths formulation of quantum mechanics is a confirmation (indirectly of course) of the importance of analogies in our thoughts and thinking. If I remember it correctly, Feynman himself attributed his PI formulation to an analogy he made from Dirac's transformation equation.

It was analogy as a paradigm of duality that allows me -- a non-physics major -- to see easily and quickly that there are TWO fundamental ways of approaching quantum theory: the Hamiltonian way and the Lagrangian way. Nor was I surprised to know that elsewhere in physics, there are background-dependent and background-independent physical theories. Everything seems to be a replay of what wave is to particle from that famous double-slit experiment.

Call it what you will "It from Bit", "It from Qubit", "Particle from Wave", "Classical from Quantum", "Logic/Reason from Analogy", we are in this Circle of Twoness.

With respect and regards

Than Tin

Dear Professor D'Ariano,

Thank you for a very enlightening and thoughtfully written essay. I like the fact that your points are clear and insightful, and your thesis sets out to demonstrate exactly what you claim in your abstract: the "It" is emergent from pure information, an information of special kind: quantum. The paradigm then becomes: "It from Qubit". My essay also makes the case for information being more fundamental, and I try to put forward various questions along the way based on experiments and analysis to guide the reader to this viewpoint, but I think you demonstrate it more directly. I really liked your analysis of the qubit, and how you applied your reasoning to so many physical properties and phenomena, even to describe for example a field. And how you derived spacetime using the web game model was very much insightful. Your ideas derive a more fundamental meaning to these concepts, continuing what Einstein/Pauli did for fields originally, which itself was the next level of abstraction after Gauss. My essay also looks at the qubit, and like you I utilize Bell's inequality to support a deeper basis for my discussion of reality. This is a great topic!

Thanks again for contributing this piece, and I hope you have a chance to review and rate my essay as well - I do really appreciate feedback from people who are directly involved in fundamental physics such as yourself.

At some point I also will check out your other essays that you submitted on earlier topics.

Sincerely,

Steve Sax

    Mauro,

    "electrons are states of the electron field,photons are states of the electromagnetic fields, neutrinos of the neutrino field,and so on. The process of demoting particles to states and introducing the notion of quantum field as the new "object" for such states is known as "second quantization".The field is not an "object".But is now the field an object in the usual sense? Not at all. The field is everywhere. And it is not made of matter: its states are."

    I'm struggling with your densely-packed essay. How are states of qubits pure quantum software, objects, matter, HW completely becoming vaporized (paraphrasing)? States are matter rather than information or particles themselves?

    Jim

    Challenging essay!

      Wlth all due respect, prof. Mauro, but we are trying here to clarify the logical flow of your own position not mine.

      The question is: how may one understand that given a "holism" ("...according to which the properties of the whole CANNOT be understood in terms of the properties of the parts.) but you still have "local discriminability" ("...namely the possibility of discriminating between any two states of the whole by performing only observations on the parts."). Trouble is: how then are these parts apparent enough for one to carry out observations on them?

      You don't seem to allow that what we (the ordinary people) observe or have been observing repeatedly is what actually we get to believe IS OUT THERE and not vice versa. Meaning, we are quantum measurements going on NATURALLY.

      So I say again, the question frames naturally this way.

      All the best,

      Chidi

      Dear prof. Mauro,

      How may one understand that given your "holism" ("according to which the properties of the whole CANNOT be understood in terms of the properties of the parts.) but you still have "local discriminability" which is "the possibility of discriminating between any two states of the whole by performing only observations on the parts.". It seems to me a contradiction.

      Question is: how then are the parts apparent enough for one to carry out observations on them?

      Regards,

      Chidi

        Dear Giacomo

        in a way the uncertainty is contained in the Qubit of "quantum information".

        Information, on the other hand, means generally "uncertain information".

        Cheers

        Mauro

        Dear Richard

        thank you for your beautiful compliments. You got what I think is indeed the most relevant insight, namely that the nature of space-time must be intrinsically quantum if we regard it as something emergent, and not as a stage for something else. Now, my next step will be to understand the holographic principle (that you mention in your essay) within the quantum automata scenario.

        My best regards

        Mauro

        Dear Chidi,

        the fact that "properties of the whole cannot be understood in terms of the properties of the parts" is logically unconnected with the "the possibility of discriminating between any two states of the whole by performing only observations on the parts". Indeed, take a singlet state of two qubits. It is an eigenstate of the Bell observable (four projectors, one over the singlet and three over the triplet states). The marginal single-qubit states are completely mixed. The Bell observable does not commute with any tensor product of single-qubit projectors. Thus the marginal states do not allow us to understand the state of the whole, the Bell measurement is incompatible with all properties of the parts. But you can discriminate the singlet from any other joint state by some local effect, i.e. a projection on single qubit states. For example, the singlet is perfectly discriminated by the |00> state, by simply projecting on |00> (probabilities 0 and 1 for the two states, respectively). So if such an outcome occurs you know for sure that the state is |00>.

        Unfortunately quantum theory is not so intuitive. It is not my fault. You should make your own analysis more carefully.

        Cheers

        Mauro

        Dear Steve

        your compliments are the best I could desire. I am happy that you got exactly my points, and that you share my way of looking at physics. I downloaded your paper, and I found it very attractive. I put it in my collection, since I need to read it more closely. I found your sentence "Do the above experiments suggest information is more fundamental than physical reality,...?" very stimulating. I will definitely rate it after reading it well.

        Thank you again

        Mauro

        Dear James

        yes, in synthesis: quantum fields are pure software, space-time and particles are emerging features, as in a huge 3d quantum-computer graphics. As you see from my essay, this is the only logical way out all the problems of quantum mechanics and of quantum field theory. Up to now I haven't seen any other way that is actually working.

        My best

        Mauro

        Dear prof. Mauro,

        Permit me. We are both in pursuit of clarity. The point I make is that in light of the present question "it from bit or bit from it" once you assume non-locality as first principle (and as defining the "it") next the burden is to show how the "Bit" EMERGES from this non-locality.

        One cannot just jump to PRESUME the existence of "locality" on which to carry out experiments.

        Best regards,

        Chidi

        Dear Chidi

        I cannot follow your reasoning. I'm not assuming nonlocality: it is an experimental fact. I'm not assuming the It. I showed logical inconsistencies of the It, and showed as they be cured with the It emerging from the Qbit. I think I did my job. Showing the bit as emergent is trivial: even my 7 years old daughter can see it by using a normal computer. The "Bit from It" is trivial. What is non trivial is the "It from Bit".

        Best

        Mauro

        Mauro,

        I've reposted this reply to you from Bill McHarris's blog.

        No 'changing meanings'. Theorems are indeed theorems, but they're all included in the greater 'theorem' that all science is provisional and no 'absolute' proof of anything exists. Bell uses assumptions just as all theorems do. Even the most solid foundational 'Laws' of Physics can be violated. Look what happens to Snell's Law at kinetic reverse refraction - the nonlinear 'Fraunhofer refraction' appears instead!

        The measurements are detector angles and 'positions' along the x axis of a cosine curve distribution between 0 an 180 degrees. Consider my torii as entangled particles translating along the polar axis with opposite spins. They meet detectors as 'planes' A and B tilted at varying angles (or tilting donuts if you prefer!). 'Detection' is of the interaction point at A and B, which is say in the top half ('up') or bottom half ('down').

        We now have another 'dimension' that Bell did not assume existed. We can easily show that when A and B are parallel the results are opposite, and when anti parallel the results are identical. But half way between, when A or B are vertical the donuts hit face on so the result up/down is at maximum uncertainty! But over many samples it is of course ~50%.

        Now the killer; When intersecting at 90 degrees, tilting the detector say 5 degrees will have virtually no effect on the 'position', but when face to face, a 5 degree tilt angle has a major positional effect! So 30 and 60 degrees give results of 75% and 25%. This is Malus' Law in action, and reproduces the predictions of SR at EACH detector (just as von Neumann proposed) as well as when correlated between the two.

        All this is as published in my essay and expanded in the Blog. Aspect did find this "orbital asymmetry", but with no theory to fit it to he discarded that particular ~99.9% of his data! (only discussed in his follow up French paper).

        This is very consistent with Prof McHarris's findings and I believe Gordon Watson's essay, with similarities with Ed Klingman's. I'll re-post this on your blog so you don't loose it. Do ask any questions or give views on mine.

        Very best wishes

        Peter

          Dear Mauro,

          Wow!

          Fantastico!

          Here is your declaration that the states of Qbit is Existence: "Therefore, we are left with states of qubits, namely pure quantum software: objects, matter, hardware, completely became vaporized." If you read my essay Child if Qbit in time, we are completely in agreement with the above statement. I go even further if I may say that I declared: All things are one Qbit. In KQID, everything emerges from one singularity Qbit Multiverse that projects Einstein complex coordinates( Einstein triangles similar to Pythagorean triangles) on the event horizon of our Multiverse as Minkowski Null geodesics Lm in zeroth dimension that instantaneously project those coordinates in the bulk ψτ(iLx,y,z, Lm) as the KQID relativity Multiverse. As a bonus, KQID calculates the dark energy of our Multiverse with the upper bound numbers ≤ 1.523 x 10^-153Pm/Pv. and how many bits are they in our Multiverse is the lower bound numbers ≥ 6.3 x 10^153 bits. I believe KQID is the only theory out there that has made the above calculations and predictions.

          I rated the superb work according. Much more complex and sophisticated than the one I could portray. We do have the same worldview. I am also a realist, positivist, operationalist and dreamer as you might label. Let us work together if possible. Please rate and comment my essay Child of Qbit in time.

          Best wishes,

          Leo KoGuan

            Dear Mauro,

            Thank you for following through.

            Wishing you all the best.

            chidi

            Dear Peter

            I do not have sufficient elements from your post to express a well motivated judgment. I anyway see a serious problem. Your system is classical, you cannot have complementary observables, hence you cannot have violation of Clauser Horn Shimony Holt inequality [there is a very short proof in the paper by Wolf et. al PRL 103, 230402 (2009)]. It is not matter of assumptions. Anyway, it would be a too long discussion. I had many of these in the past, many authors claimed violations of Bell inequalities by local realistic theories, no one ever really succeeded in getting the consensus. I wish you my best to succeed: unfortunately, the burden is entirely yours (or better of Bill).

            My best regards

            Mauro

            Dear Leo,

            thank you for your enthusiastic support! Yes, it seems that we share many points, but we have a serious departure, when you say that there everything originated from a single Qbit. I personally cannot justify creation from nothing, I don't believe in the miracles of singularities. And, I don't like singularities in physics. I started hating them when as a undergraduate I discover how simple is to "prove" that 1=2 using infinities. Sorry, this is just a joke.

            Anyway, thank you again for your marvelous compliments.

            I wish you the best.

            Mauro

            Dear Vladimir

            I liked your essay, even though I'm not sure that your conclusion is of any use for the progress of physics. I love the beautiful figures.

            I rated your essay.

            Good luck!

            My best regards

            Mauro

            Dear Mauro,

            Two weeks ago [July3, 2013 @ 23:31 GMT above], I raised several serious matters that go to the heart of your essay. Some examples follow:

            1. "In that my theory is wholly local and realistic AND non-contextual, you can see that it is a challenge to many interpretations, not just yours."

            2. I expressed the desire to "have you and your team address the high-school maths and logic on which my theory is based. Given that my results are fully supported experimentally, such action would of course challenge your opinion 'that Quantum Theory is too rigid to be changeable just a little.' " NB: One small change is the elimination of COLLAPSE; another justifies LOCAL-REALISM in line with Einstein's ideas on LOCALITY.

            3. "But it is from such challenges that science progresses -- and the change that I make to Quantum Theory is very small indeed. Yet it is enough to eliminate the postulate that you suggest distinguishes the Quantum from the Classical; for that change relates to entanglement (after Schroedinger) and the measurement process (after von Neumann)."

            In that no error has yet been identified in my Essay (despite my repeated requests for critical comments), I would welcome the addition of your comments to my blog.

            Indeed: I'd have thought that your many fans, even the Judges, might be interested to see your formal dismissal of a matter which you apparently deem trivial (given your initial response to my correspondence above).

            PS: If you will not be responding to such challenges as above, please so advise and I'll not trouble you again.

            Sincerely; Gordon Watson.