Hi Alex,
You framed well the need to change the mind to better address identifying and addressing perceived global needs.
I tend to agree with you that certain mental processes that are common to being human can better serve humanity, but I think a more important consideration is the "collective mind" of people, the social interactions that we can control. We need a diversity of brain structures to support a diversity of tasking needed by society.
The diversity of environments in which a person lives fundamentally influences the building blocks of the brain. For whatever reason, there is a city in Florida where I encountered a much larger percentage of people with mental disabilities than I have encountered anywhere else. I'm not mentioning the city's name for ethical reasons related to economics and perception, and the potential for my perception being from other influences I am unaware of.
Selenium trace elements are beneficial for the growth of the brain. But selenium is completely devoid in certain areas, so those living in those regions without taking supplements, or eating foods containing selenium from other areas, will have certain differences in their brain as a result.
However, evolutionary genetic changes coupled with integration between persons from different environmental influences, creates a mutation in the form of the molecules that support and bind genes; i.e. environmentally influenced gene splicing.
Because we do not understand how to make a better mind, we do not even know how the mind produces intelligence, we cannot engineer a brain that will be the best in which everyone will have their brain manipulated to meet that specification.
I am not sure of the significance of potential tertiary developments of brains that have ADHD, Autism, nutritional deficiencies, ... as contributors to building brains that have certain advanced capabilities to support certain needs of society. That over many generations produce a better mind for some specific tasked need of humanity.
For example, I loath repetition. I absolutely abhor any repeated tasks. But to work on an assembly line, be a clerk, operate a nuclear reactor... all requires a mind with capabilities to endure repetition, and perhaps even enjoy it.
So I don't believe having one model of brain best fits the needs of society.
However, I believe as you stated, that society currently has dominant unmet needs related to critical thinking, and predicting consequences. I would NOT go so far to say that persons unable to significantly acquire these abilities are without useful purpose to humanity. They and their offspring will likely provide support for certain social system developments that would otherwise be difficult to support, and that drive humanities moral compass. Our social processes are quite complex. Each social group has dominant mental requirements for inclusion, yet social system tasking depends in-part upon a large diversity of social groups and differing categories of mental capacities.
If you want to increase the dominance of critical thinking and predicting consequences, start teaching them in graduated detail in public schools. Beginning in pre-school and advancing complexity and detail through all classes until high school graduation.
Hmmm, I just realized that High School is an outdated term that is currently misleading.
If you have the desire to apply your related interest, see UA-KiTS.com