Here is the continued discussion
Michael Boyd
Steve, Light and heat are the same stuff, it is not anything to do with mass, that property is due to proton [hole] mass only. Photons [light] has no inertia and photoelectric effect is only a property of non-bonding electron orbitals in matter, not anything to do with gravitation what ever. The simplest flaw I see is it fails to address the anti-symmetric nature between the mass of electrons (electron 0.00091x10-27 kg ) and protons (proton 1.6726 x 10-27 kg ) and how that effects the flow [mobility] of the different types of charge, protons[holes] and electrons. Since the form of energy the light weight electrons produce is light [mass-less photons] and the force of energy protons produce is attractive gravity [massive gravitons] therefore I assume EM and gravitation are not directly related, but only indirectly instead. In order to understand why gravity is different [stronger] close-up you have to understand the theory of gravitation being what's called the large extra-dimension...
Theoretical physicists Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali pointed [2], out that prior to now, gravity had not been measured below a distance of about a millimeter. They whose model is known as ADD, suggest that there could be extra dimensions as large as a millimeter in diameter. In particle physics, the ADD model, also known as the model with large extra dimensions [1], offers an alternative scenario to explain the weakness of gravity relative to the other forces. This theory requires that the fields of the standard model are confined to a four-dimensional membrane, while gravity propagates in several additional spatial dimensions that are large compared to the Planck scale.
Theoretical physics typically treats the Planck scale as the highest energy scale and all dimensional parameters are measured in terms of the Planck scale. In models of large extra dimensions the fundamental scale is much lower than the Planck scale. This occurs because the power law of gravity changes. For example, assuming r is the distance between the gravitational induction sensor and the spinning disk; when there are two extra dimensions of size d, the power law of gravity is 1/r4 for objects with r > d. This relationship suggests if we want the Planck scale to be equal to the next accelerator energy (1 TeV) we should take d approximately 1mm.
As suggested by ADD, gravity could be just as strong as the other forces but only felt strongly at short distances. Scientists funded by the European Space Agency have measured the gravitational equivalent of a magnetic field for the first time in a laboratory. Just as a moving electrical charge creates a magnetic field, so a moving mass generates a gravitomagnetic field. According to Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, the effect is virtually negligible. However Tajmar [3] have measured the effect in a laboratory. Their experiment involves a ring of superconducting material rotating up to 6,500 times a minute.
[1] ANTONIADIS, N., ARKANI-HAMED, N., DIMOPOULOS, S., DVALI, G. New dimensions at a millimeter to a Fermi and superstrings at a TeV. arXiv: hep-ph/9804398, 1998.
[2] ARKANI-HAMED, N., DIMOPOULOS, S., DVALI, G. The Hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter. arXiv: hepph/9803315, 1998.
[3] TAJMAR, M., MATOS, C.J. Gravitomagnetic Fields in Rotating Superconductors to Solve Tate's Cooper Pair Mass Anomaly. arXiv: gr-qc/060786, 2006.
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Alessandro Cappelli
Michael Boyd
Regarding the gravitational temporal relation both forms of gravitation experience the same amount of frame dragging as described in Einstein's General Relativity theory; so doesn't that means Time must be the substance between gravitational energy and EM energy that makes up our existence? Time must be a substance. That's because gravitational space time is produced by hole states of matter and electromagnetism spacetime (EM or light) is produced by electron states of matter. QM is built on EM space time; not gravitational space time. However Special Relativity is built on EM space time while General Relativity is built on gravitational space time. The manifold of events in spacetime are a "substance" which exists independently of the matter within it...Special Relativity and General Relativity created a conundrum for Einstein that he tried to resolve unsuccessfully to unit the two theory in to one grand unified field theory. My discovery is that while the speed of light is constant that's not true for gravitation. It can be slower in speed and faster too. Einstein focused to much on the speed of light and not enough on the "holes" all around him. That's where the gravitation is. That "electromagnetism is in spacetime A" let's call that space-time "{EM} space-time", and this is what Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper"[4] ("On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies") described which reconciles Maxwell's equations for electricity and magnetism with the laws of mechanics, by introducing major changes to mechanics close to the speed of light. This later became known as Einstein's special theory of relativity (SR).[5][6] That "gravitation is in spacetime B" let's call that space-time "{G}space-time" and this is what Einstein's General relativity (GR) describes. According to general relativity,[7] the observed gravitational attraction between masses results from the "warping of space and time by those masses". When I write about this "manifold of events in spacetime are a "substance" which exists independently of the matter within it" this "manifold of events in spacetime" is this property that makes Time; as we measure it; the emergent {positive arrow of time}. Therefore time is a vector which direction depends on your position in our universe which is created by a change of energy states between gravitation to electromagnetism; and visa versa.
[4] EINSTEIN, A. Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper. Annalen der Physik 17: 891-921, 1905.
[5] EINSTEIN, A.; GROSSMANN, M. Entwurf einer verallgemeinerten Relativitatstheorie und einer Theorie der Gravitation. Zeitschrift fur Mathematik und Physik 62: 225-261, 1913.
[6] EINSTEIN, A. Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie. Annalen der Physik, 49, 1916.
[7] HILBERT, D., Die Grundlagen der Physik. Mathematische Annalen, 92, 1924.
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Alessandro Cappelli
Michael Boyd
Theoretical Implications of Nano-scale Quantum Gravitomagnetism
In the event horizon of a black hole gravity is said to be faster than the speed of light. As I explained earlier it isn't really moving at all. In that domain light is forbidden. Einstein's problem was he only understood the universe from the side of electrons not the holes side that dominates it. If you think of empty space as a high density of holes and matter as regions where electron density is higher then you see Einstein Dirac etc..., where blinded by the light produced by electrons..., that's why they couldn't see the holes in the universe all around them.
The mass of a neutron is greater than the mass of a proton because the neutron contains a proton, contains an electron with some subatomic particles.
Neutron stars are collapsed matter leaving only neutrons at the atomic scale that makes up the neutron star and black holes are nearly identical but made of protons [holes] instead.
Black holes are black not because light doesn't escape but because black holes are made of holes [collapsed protons] where light is not present because there are no electrons to absorb the light for re-emission of the light.
My hypothesis is that protons [holes in the semiconductor junction] in all forms of matter and their presence in our location in the universe, this is the source of the attractive force of gravity in the vicinity of matter. My discovery is at 100nm the force of gravity is magnified and can be harnessed to produce gravitomagnetic induction with my invention the mass spin-valve or gravitational rectifier due to this gravity large extra dimension. The other novel thing I discovered is the absence of matter produces a repulsive anti-gravity force that is much weaker then the gravity force and balloon like. Electrons however do not contribute enough mass to real effect gravitation in any real way as far as I can measure.
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Alessandro Cappelli
Steve Dufourny
I know Mr Boyd, I have a wonderful book of Zemanky i know what is electromagnetic energies ,this book is a good book of Zemanski "Heat and Thermodynamics",I say that the gravitation is different than our electromagnetism. That is why the gravitomagnetism is not correct.
About the holes, it is not possible respecting the principle of equivalence and the planck walls.
About the extradiemnsions, it is not deterministic because for the proportions, the 3D and a duration of time is essential.The extradimensions arejust a mathematical plays where several foundamental loose their universal meaning. Like the quaternions or octonions or the extradimensions of strings theory ,it is not rational.It is just dueto a bad utilisation of symmetries as with the Clifford algebras for example. The universal proportions and équivalences need real convergences and for that, the 3D is essential.
Let's take an other example, the time for example is not reversible respecting the SR and the general relativity.Thereversible time is also a problem dueto mathematical Tools, badly utilized.
I agree that said about the planck scales and the highest énergies. If the quantum entanglement and its uniqueness is like a relative foto of our universal sphere and its cosmological sphères so, we have indeed the maximum energy without add.The volumes so are important considering the black sphères. A BH is nor a hole, nor a door .It is just a sphere with foundamental properties.
I doubt really about the gravitational waves and the gravitons which are really correlated with electromagnetism.But perhaps I make an error, I don't know.I just say my line of reasoning respecting the principle of equivalence.I agree that Gravity is a force respecting Newton but the volumes , spherical ,can show us the road like Schrödinger and Maxwell.
The Planck scale are the limits separating the physicality and this unknown, but the physicality has its intrinsic foundamental laws.There is a bridge between the équations of Einstein and the équations of maxwell it seems to me for a real understanding of this gravitation.Perhaps that the orbital rotations are simply the answer for this electromagnetism..If the impedence,is relevant , perhaps that the cinetic effect of the gravitation is simply an other logic that the magnetic effect,so the electric charge is not sufficient,,it is there that it becomes relevant to consider all the motions of entangled sphères with a kind of sorting about the rotations and motions in time.
What do you think ?
41 minutes ago
Michael Boyd
Gravity it's closed convergent gravity which is time dependent [massive graviton quasi particle], an open time independent divergent electromagnetism [massless photon quasi particle], superimposing to produce divergent antigravity, which is also time dependent in the same time domain as gravity is [i.e. massless anti-graviton quasi particle]. GR is built on gravitational time dependance [i.e., frame dragging] while EM and SR is not. That's why speed of EM is independent from your frame of reference; it's time independent. SR [linear space time] is a special case of GR [non-linear spacetime] after all.
The black hole is a type of mass spin-valve [or gravity rectifier] which is best described as a gravitational equivalent of a semiconductor junction [a gravity diode]. Another example from nature is the lightning called a Sprite. The technical description is what's called a Maxwell's Demon in thermodynamics. It is called that because it violates the second law of thermodynamics; i.e., entropy. The two perfectly concentric Einstein Rings in the universe's [electromagnetic] microwave cosmic background as reported by Sir Penrose in 2010 show we exist in the jet of this super massive black hole; otherwise we wouldn't see them at all.
Einstein's theory of General Relativity predicts a phenomenon called Einstein Rings which are produced by the presence of a super massive black at the center of our universe's cosmic background radiation [electromagnetic] as reported by V.G.Gurzadyan, R.Penrose. See http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1011/1011.3706.pdf [astro-ph.CO] "Concentric circles in WMAP data may provide evidence of violent pre-Big- Bang activity", V.G.Gurzadyan, R.Penrose, (Submitted on 16 Nov 2010).
Gravity is a property of matter; but not a property of electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is a property of electron states in matter. That doesn't mean time travel isn't possible [theoretically] because time travel is a byproduct of quantum entanglement because the point of entanglement is established when two black holes collide for example. So that means at some time billions of years ago when the nucleus black hole of the nearby Andromeda Galaxy "embraced" the nucleus black hole of the Milky Way Galaxy we reside in it first established quantum entanglement between the two nucleus black holes and all other matter nuclei within our nearby universe. So that doesn't mean we can travel through time though; just that if we can understand how this instantaneous "spooky action at a distance" as Einstein called it works....maybe we can figure out time travel too? But that's a big MAYBE? How does your equations explain quantum entanglement of our home Milky Way Galaxy with the Andromeda Galaxy; with the two expected to embrace each other in another 4 billion years? See http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/31may_andromeda/ Why can we not use the point of previous galactic embrace to travel backwards in time? What do your equations say about backwards time?
Steve Dufourny
Why you see Holes Mr Boyd,it is not really rational ,it is not a door separating the unknown and the physicality.It is the same with our protons or BH or our big attractor.The rotations are essential and the sphere is the perfect equilibrium of forces permitting the rotations furthermore.The BH are just sphères with several properties , they produce gravitons, they embark due to theirmass the stars, and they recycle the bosonic informations simply.
About the protons like semiconductor, I beleive that it is not sufficient considering the codes of evolution and the increasing of entropy and mass and so gravitation.
About the holographic principles of Hawking, it is relevant ,I discussed about this on FQXi with Mr Corda who makes the same kind of rational works. The event horizon is just a mathematical extrapolation permitting to see better because this incredible mass take all informations. It is black because it absorbs all even the light, that is whey they recycle particles, bosonic.The radiations of Hawking are relevant considering these recycled photons .We are still at the begining of what is this dark matter and dark energy, but several rational roads show us the truth. For the productions of these gravitons and their diffusion in the space time, it is essential to have rotations and a sphere. The holes so at these planck scales are not for me rational because we must have a pure physicality respêcting the 3d and its evolution spherisation.
What do you think?
19 minutes ago
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Alessandro Cappelli
Michael Boyd
Steve, Hole is a semiconductor terminology. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p-n junction connected to two electrical terminals. A p-n junction diode is made of a crystal of semiconductor, usually silicon, but germanium and gallium arsenide are also used. Impurities are added to it to create a region on one side that contains negative charge carriers (electrons), called an n-type semiconductor, and a region on the other side that contains positive charge carriers (holes), called a p-type semiconductor. I don't know if they are little mini black holes ~0.885x10^-15 meters across or not...maybe..I say why not!
14 minutes ago
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Alessandro Cappelli
Steve Dufourny
There I agree that gravitation is a property of matter and not of electromagnetism.
About the backwards time, it is not possible like I explained before, the SR permits toseeour past like we see our sun 8 min after.It is tool permitting toc lass our cosmological evolution.It is the same with the anisotropy ,there is nothing of bizare, like the sagnac effetc and the rotations.It is just atool also permitting to correct our technical errors. The time is not reversible physically speaking because it is just a duration.The only one thing possible is to decrease our internal clocks and so we can go in the future, the problem is that we cannot return at our present, it is not reversible at all scales.We can see our past, it is our only solution.
The spookyness at distance is a pure joke in fact created by several labs .We cannot go faster than c with light and alectromagnetic waves.The only solution is with gravitons and like we search them still, it is not possible(LISA,XmassLIGO....experiments)
What do you think?
9 minutes ago
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Alessandro Cappelli
Steve Dufourny
I am understanding Mr Boyd, but if an omnipresent God has created codes, it is more complex than our simple human inventions.If a contact with this entropy exists, it is from this central sphere, the big attractor at my humble opinion. Not in the quantum entanglement.That is why the primordial informations come from there. The universal spherical gravitational aether is from there, and it is the only solution for God to inform us ,that said it is intriguing considering the incredible velocity of this primordial wave.Don't forget that all has begun from there.That is why I can see one only solution for a convergence with a holesphere separating the unknown and the physicality,it is there the central sphere.
