Dear Miroslaw,
Yours is a nice essay, pretty clear. I gave your essay a 9, and down graded it by one point because of a couple of funny aspects, such as referencing equation 1.181 that made things a bit odd. There is I think another aspect to this, which is Bott periodicity and the 8-fold (mod-8) condition with the dimension of spaces. The Cayley numbers 1, 2, 4, 8 play a role in the structure of division algebras, and quaternion bundles on SU(2) or SO(4) have a moduli space of 5 dimensions. The dimension of space is involves with the quaternion Hopf fibration. With quaternion Hopf fibration 3 --- > 7 ---- > 4 there is a connection between dim = 3 and 4, with 7 as the "linking space." I think this has something to do with your observation about 2, 3, 5, 8. I am less clear about whether this continues with the Fibonacci sequence. However, 13 mod 8 is 5, 21 mod 8 is 5, 34 mod 8 is 5, 55 mod 8 is 7, 89 mod 8 is 1, 144 mod 8 is 0, 233 mod 8 is 1, 377 mod 8 is 1 and so forth. A computer program might be written to find what "FIBO mod 8" looks like for a large set of numbers. Then maybe a theorem could be proposed and proven. Maybe this excludes the number 6. It might be that this gives 0 and either Cayley numbers and 2, 3, 5, and 8.
You might be interested in my essay where I discuss aspect of the Bott periodicity and the mod-8 structure. I am largely interested in connection between what are at first apparently unrelated things.
http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/2320
Cheers LC