Dear Vesselin,
Thank you for your very interesting essay, one of the best in the contest. I have nothing to add to your essay's conclusions, especially: "the exciting art of doing physics is to determine which mathematical entities have counterparts in the physical world."
I take the opportunity and propose the mathematical entities and their counterparts in my essay, engaging the set of Thurston geometries (the geometrization conjecture ) with metrics. I treat them as a space-like, totally geodesic submanifolds of a 3+1 dimensional spacetime. In three dimensions, it is not always possible to assign a single geometry to a whole space. So, the geometrization conjecture states that every closed 3-manifold can be decomposed into pieces that each have one of eight types of geometric structure, resulting in an emergence of some attributes that we can observe. As you probably know, Thurston geometries include: S3, E3, H3, S2 テ-- R, H2 テ-- R, SL(2, R), Nil and Solv geometry. The constant curvature geometries arise as steady states of the Ricci flow, the other five arise naturally where the dynamics of the Ricci flow is more complicated and where topological changes (neck pinching or surgery) happen. I have tried to attribute the geometries to interactions and fermions, except of five exotic ones (so far). You will probably find interesting Torsten Asselmeyer-Maluga's publications that deal with details of similar approach. Interesting is also the proof of the geometrization conjecture, sketched in 2003 by Grigori Perelman, showing that the Ricci flow can be continued past the singularities.
If you are interested you can find details in my essay.
I would appreciate your comments however I would understand if you were tired with the contest. You deserve the high rating what you can observe in a moment.
Jacek