Hi,

As I said before I like this a lot: By seeing all these, the author proposes a new idea (not published by him earlier) that the Universe had an ability to reproduce Galaxies.

I was going to address that topic in my essay, but I wanted to keep the essay concise. Many years ago I discovered:THE ATLAS AND CATALOGUE OF INTERACTING GALAXIES by B.A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov. He talks about galaxies as if they were reproducing biologically. Halton Arp later talked about Quasars as galaxy seeds. I am wondering if you are aware to these ideas? I personally think that galaxies do reproduce by a process similar to some biological processes we know about.

Dear Harry Hamlin Ricker III,

Thank you for so much nice information to support my paper

Thank you for your nice study. I said that the essay was not published by me earlier. That's true.

Can you please send me some more details of that papers you mentioned..... "THE ATLAS AND CATALOGUE OF INTERACTING GALAXIES by B.A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov" and the paper "Halton Arp later talked about Quasars as galaxy seeds", you mentioned above. I don't k now about them. My paper uses the concept on UGF, the universal Gravitational Force, not biological processes.....

Can you please tell me about your paper and send me copy of your paper. Is that here in this contest? I searched by your name, I could not get any.

Best Regards....

snp

  • [deleted]

  • Post #63

Dear Sridattadev,

Wow wonderful analysis... What you said about Singularity is true, it is one only. The singularity what I was referring is from Physics and Math only, which does not exist Physically. You have clarified well about your concepts now. I am giving a good rating to your essay... I am also a firm believer of God....

Best wishes to your essay...

=snp

Dear Sri Dattadev,

The above is my post only. I just refreshed web page before posting my reply to you, after few seconds the FQXi server logged me out...

Best

=snp

Dear Patrick,

I know your words.... "At the start of the Universe there is nothing, nothing exists, not even time. The most fundamental notion, a state of existence itself, has to be defined. But as nothing exists, how can a state of existence be defined ? The only solution is simply to introduce a state of non-existence."... are concepts from Vedas only... As I remember it is from "Shristi suktam or the Hymn of creation"...

I bow low for knowledge of Vedas..... Excellent... !

Can you please send me some more details of your paper on your universe model.....

Best wishes to your essay

=snp

  • [deleted]

  • Post #66

Dear SNP,

Thank you for reading and commenting on my essay. I have now read your essay.

As I quote in my essay:

...many successes of the Big Bang model "can be traced to the initial conditions postulated ... and put in by hand, without justification, other than to retrofit the data."

Of course Standard Model and General Relativity parameters must also be put in 'by hand'. These form links in a narrative chain, linking basic principles to observed data. I discuss a number of mental/mathematical structures that we project on the universe. Rovelli agrees that we project structure onto reality:

One such structure is 'dark matter'. Only this month several papers have reported their experiment's complete failure to find dark matter.

Studying your paper, you project an absolute minimum of structure on the universe:

No Isotropy; No Homogeneity; No Space-time continuum; Non-uniform density of matter(Universe is lumpy); No singularities; No collisions between bodies; No Blackholes; No warm holes; No Bigbang; No repulsion between distant Galaxies; Non-empty Universe; No imaginary or negative time axis; No imaginary X, Y, Z axes; No differential and Integral Equations mathematically; No General Relativity and Model does not reduce to General Relativity on any condition; No Creation of matter like Bigbang or steady-state models; No many mini Bigbangs; No Missing Mass; No Dark matter; No Dark energy; No Bigbang generated CMB detected; No Multi-verses etc.

I think this is excellent. You seem to obtain good results in spite of not projecting structure on the universe. Very impressive. Your research is also impressive.

Edwin Eugene Klingman

    Dear Harry Hamlin Ricker III,

    I downloaded the catalogue... "THE ATLAS AND CATALOGUE OF INTERACTING GALAXIES by B.A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov" and the Galaxy names were different to the present day names of the Galaxies.

    How to co-relate these names in the year 1959 and present day names...

    Hope you can help me...

    Best

    =snp

    Dear Edwin Eugene Klingman,

    Thank you very much for such a supporting reply.

    Many results were obtained using Dynamic Universe Model algorithm.

    If you don't mind, I want to tell you that the dark energy, dark matter and black holes are not required in Dynamic Universe Model. I want to tell you a bit about this new model of cosmology......

    This Model is new Cosmological model fundamentally and mathematically different from Bigbang, Steady state model etc. Dynamic Universe Model is based on laws of Newtonian dynamics. It is a simple multi-body problem solution. This Dynamic Universe Model is a singularity free and body-body collision free n-body problem solution based on UGF acting on each and every body with some mass in the Universe. In this model "time" moves in one direction i.e. into future only. 133 masses were used in this setup, and the "same setup" was used for last 25 years on a simple PC without any problem in its SITA simulations. Its SITA simulations can solve many unsolved cosmological problems and successfully published solutions to vast variety of present day scientific problems.

    This new type of Tensor Mathematics as in Dynamic Universe Model is different from earlier Newtonian two body problem that used differential equations, and Einstein's general theory of relativity that used tensors which in turn unwrap into differential equations. There are no differential or integral equations here. This new Math approach was published as a paper in the journal of Tensor society of India. This Dynamic Universe Model approach solves many unsolved problems

    Dynamic Universe Model of Cosmology is a singularity free N-body solution. It uses Newton's law of Gravitation without any modification. The initial coordinates of each mass with initial velocities are to be given as input. It finds XYZ coordinates, velocities and accelerations of each mass UNIQUELY after every time-step at that moment, and can create graphs for required masses. Here the solution is based on linear tensors instead of usual differential and integral equations. This solution was stable, didn't diverge, did not give any singularity or divided by zero errors during the last 25 years, in solving various physical problems. The calculations can be done over the particle's entire path throughout time. These calculations can go into future for making predictions. With this model, it was found with uniform mass distribution in space, the masses will colloid. But there are no singularities. With non-uniform mass densities, the masses trend to rotate about each other after some time-steps and they don't colloid. SITA is a simple computer implementable solution of Dynamic Universe Model. An arbitrary number of 133 masses were taken in SITA simulations using the same framework in solving various problems. Its many predictions came true like existence Blueshifted Galaxies in the universe. Its prediction that there is no dark-matter was experimentally proved later . Other variety of simulations like SAVITRI and SUBBARAO were also published. These other simulations addressed many other different problems like multiple bending of light etc. Here Cartesian co-ordinates did not give any problem. In this model Cartesian co-ordinates were used upto 10^55 meters, two or three times larger than our visible universe.

    Many papers and books were published by the author, for example 'Absolute Rest frame of reference is not necessary' (1994), 'Multiple bending of light ray can create many images for one Galaxy: in our dynamic universe', About "SITA" simulations ], 'Missing mass in Galaxy is NOT required' , "New mathematics tensors without Differential and Integral equations" , "Information, Reality and Relics of Cosmic Microwave Background" in FQXi, "Dynamic Universe Model explains the Discrepancies of Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry Observations.", in 2015 'Explaining Formation of Astronomical Jets Using Dynamic Universe Model , 'Explaining Pioneer anomaly' , 'Explaining Near luminal velocities in Astronomical jets', 'Observation of super luminal neutrinos', 'Process of quenching in Galaxies due to formation of hole at the center of Galaxy, as its central densemass dries up', "Dynamic Universe Model Predicts the Trajectory of New Horizons Satellite Going to Pluto" etc., are some more papers from the Dynamic Universe model. Four Books also were published. Book1 shows Dynamic Universe Model is singularity free and body to collision free , Book 2, and Book 3 are explanation of equations of Dynamic Universe model . Book 4 deals about prediction and finding of Blue shifted Galaxies in the universe .

    All these books and papers can be downloaded from freely from Dynamic Universe Model Blog or viXra

    Thank you once again

    =snp.gupta

    Dear Satyav,

    As an Astronomer long focussed on galaxies and cosmic evolution I found your ideas interesting and novel with much agreement with my own work and (some joint) published papers. Certainly the universe is dynamic, and many current assumptions (mainly in the 'Concordance' model) are flawed, incomplete or plain wrong! but specifically;

    "..our Universe reproduces its Galaxies." I've actually produced a model of precisely how it does this, with a full life cycle bases on detailed data analysis.

    "Galaxies tend to evolve from spiral to elliptical structure" Again that is indeed a basic part of the full evolutionary cycle the data supports.

    I should say other ideas don't correspond well with findings and data. Part of my studies have been of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field survey data. Indeed I have the 'visible' wavelength image as my computer desktop background. One thing for certain is that it did NOT look the same back then as now. Far from it. There are many differences, including faster evolution and significantly lower mass functions (all smaller).

    Few of the inconsistencies argue with your basics, but if you wish to be taken at all seriously by the current regime you'll need a lot better consistency with data across the board. My own model is massively well evidenced (I've studied 20-30 papers etc/wk for decades)and includes better alternatives for the big 'Bang/Bounce' and the cosmological constant (cosmic redshift). But it still hasn't penetrated old doctrinal beliefs! (Yet it's still being refined and evolving as NONE of us should be too 'precious' about our theories!).

    If you wish I'll post links to the Evolution paper and a video simply deriving redshift without requiring accelerating expansion. I think both may help inform and advance your own good work.

    Most will of course say you're too far of topic here, but I feel better fundamental understanding of all nature from the smallest quanta needs better understanding of how the universe works. It's also well written so I have it down for a good score. (though I try not to apply scores before reading all)

    Very best of Luck

    Peter

      Dear Peter Jackson,

      Thank you very much for the supporting reply. You touched many points, very nicely. I want to give a point by point reply. I like the idea to work in collaboration with you, we will definitely do that. You are an multi-talented person with very nice knowledge of many fields. Please give more details of your model to me....

      ....Your words: As an Astronomer long focused on galaxies and cosmic evolution I found your ideas interesting and novel with much agreement with my own work and (some joint) published papers. Certainly the universe is dynamic, and many current assumptions (mainly in the 'Concordance' model) are flawed, incomplete or plain wrong!

      .....My reply... You are exactly correct! Thank you very much for your appreciation!!

      ....Your words: but specifically; ".......our Universe reproduces its Galaxies." I've actually produced a model of precisely how it does this, with a full life cycle bases on detailed data analysis.

      .....My reply... Wow, very nice!, I want see details.......

      ....Your words: "Galaxies tend to evolve from spiral to elliptical structure" Again that is indeed a basic part of the full evolutionary cycle the data supports.

      .....My reply... Very Good, it is an expected part.

      ....Your words: I should say other ideas don't correspond well with findings and data. Part of my studies have been of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field survey data. Indeed I have the 'visible' wavelength image as my computer desktop background. One thing for certain is that it did NOT look the same back then as now. Far from it. There are many differences, including faster evolution and significantly lower mass functions (all smaller).

      .....My reply... I want see that data, and want know why you decided like that, Was that based on the observed data.....?

      ....Your words: Few of the inconsistencies argue with your basics, but if you wish to be taken at all seriously by the current regime you'll need a lot better consistency with data across the board.

      .....My reply... I am damn serious, I want this Dynamic Universe model to be always based on Experimental results and observed data, I will never back out.

      Many papers and books were published on Dynamic Universe model, for example 'Absolute Rest frame of reference is not necessary' (1994), 'Multiple bending of light ray can create many images for one Galaxy: in our dynamic universe', About "SITA" simulations, 'Missing mass in Galaxy is NOT required' , "New mathematics tensors without Differential and Integral equations" , "Information, Reality and Relics of Cosmic Microwave Background" in FQXi, "Dynamic Universe Model explains the Discrepancies of Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry Observations.", in 2015 'Explaining Formation of Astronomical Jets Using Dynamic Universe Model , 'Explaining Pioneer anomaly' , 'Explaining Near luminal velocities in Astronomical jets', 'Observation of super luminal neutrinos', 'Process of quenching in Galaxies due to formation of hole at the center of Galaxy, as its central densemass dries up', "Dynamic Universe Model Predicts the Trajectory of New Horizons Satellite Going to Pluto" etc., are some more papers from the Dynamic Universe model. Four Books also were published. Book1 shows Dynamic Universe Model is singularity free and body to collision free , Book 2, and Book 3 are explanation of equations of Dynamic Universe model . Book 4 deals about prediction and finding of Blue shifted Galaxies in the universe .

      Prediction of existence of large number of Blue shifted Galaxies came true. Prediction of "no dark matter" came true. All these papers were published many places available in the internet.

      All these books and papers can be downloaded from freely from Dynamic Universe Model Blog or viXra

      ....Your words: My own model is massively well evidenced (I've studied 20-30 papers etc/wk for decades)and includes better alternatives for the big 'Bang/Bounce' and the cosmological constant (cosmic redshift). But it still hasn't penetrated old doctrinal beliefs! ...

      .... My reply... Please give some more details.... You can contact me by emails also... snp.gupta@gmail.com

      ...... Your words....(Yet it's still being refined and evolving as NONE of us should be too 'precious' about our theories!).

      ... .... My reply.... You are exactly correct, NATURE is very complex, and it produces new and new facets always. What we can check is how this model explains that observation. All these are being done for the betterment of humanity.

      What we can check is how this model explains this new observation. That's what I am doing always for the last 30 years, without any support from mainstream..... It was a real torture to me for the last so 25 odd years, whatever the results and predictions that are that came true, no support.....

      ..... Your words....If you wish I'll post links to the Evolution paper and a video simply deriving redshift without requiring accelerating expansion. I think both may help inform and advance your own good work. ...

      .... My reply... Yes please, I want have a look at them. Please send me, or post them here.

      ..... Your words....Most will of course say you're too far of topic here, but I feel better fundamental understanding of all nature from the smallest quanta needs better understanding of how the universe works. ...

      .... My reply.... Don't worry. These all being done for the better understanding of the universe and its nature, and for the benefit of humanity, definitely NOT for embezzlement of Government funds.....

      .... Your words.... It's also well written so I have it down for a good score. (though I try not to apply scores before reading all) ...

      .... My reply.... I am also thinking the same, but I am giving high score to you now itself ! These interactions are very important.

      Best wishes....

      =snp.gupta

      Dear Satyav,

      (As posted on mine - where the links are all live!); Thank you I've come across some of your papers before (though among thousands!) and now recall appreciating your 'It from Bit' essay on the CMB etc.

      I'll give the links below. I'm probably principally and Astronomer/Observational Cosmologist but as all nature is connected have been a perpetual student spending intense periods studying a wide range of other specialist areas over 50 years. That's proved highly valuable for 'joined up' thinking & science. One essential for a coherent theory is to study the scores of papers posted weekly in the likes of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) etc. Of course much interpretation there is based on older false ones but the basic findings are valuable. It seems you may not do that quite as much.

      I think a useful first job may be to find the Hubble UDF image, put it on your desk top and study it in comparison to the near universe, then look (critically) at the widest range of findings.

      I did that at various ranges looking at the evolution of morphologies and eventually a new more coherent picture emerged, outlined in the first paper below.

      DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4540.5603 or;

      http://www.hadronicpress.com/issues/HJ/VOL36/HJ-36-6.pdf

      That and most other other important results are also archived on arXiv i.e. http://arxiv.org/a/jackson_p_1

      or rather more on Academia.edu;

      Peter http://independent.academia.edu/JacksonPeter/Papers

      The video deriving cosmic redshift is here; Cosmic redshift without accelerating expansion Video http://youtu.be/KPsCp_S4cUs

      and the (longer one) explaining the Classic QM mechanism here;

      https://vimeo.com/195020202, (Full) LIVE LINKS ALL IN THE COPY OF THIS IN MY ESSAY STRING)

      I expect that's quite enough for now as we both have many essays to read and review! I'll score yours now.

      Very Best

      Peter

      PS. I hope 'Satyav' is OK? SNP here is the right wing Scottish Nationalist Party!

      Thanks for introducing me to your paper (based on the comment that you left on mine). I do have an interest in the Big Bang as it relates to the creation of the particles that we see. I am not as knowledgeable on measuring galaxies and their distances so it's a bid harder for me to comment but I did find it interesting to read. I was a bit unclear on the conclusion, so my suggestion if you have a chance to edit the paper at some point is to make it stronger and more clear.

        Dear Peter,

        You are very nice something like Peter Pan...!

        I am giving my reply as follows

        ....Your words.... I'm probably principally and Astronomer/Observational Cosmologist but as all nature is connected have been a perpetual student spending intense periods studying a wide range of other specialist areas over 50 years. That's proved highly valuable for 'joined up' thinking & science. One essential for a coherent theory is to study the scores of papers posted weekly in the likes of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) etc. Of course much interpretation there is based on older false ones but the basic findings are valuable. It seems you may not do that quite as much.

        ---My reply... I will do that, I never saw through a telescope, in my life.... You will have to guide me. It is very nice to have collaboration with a professional astronomer, who is expert in using telescopes... Probably you will check my ideas, I request to have look at my book 4 or papers on blue shifted Galaxies and give your esteemed opinion...

        See the link

        http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/p/books-published.html

        ...Your words....

        I think a useful first job may be to find the Hubble UDF image, put it on your desk top and study it in comparison to the near universe, then look (critically) at the widest range of findings.

        I did that at various ranges looking at the evolution of morphologies and eventually a new more coherent picture emerged, outlined in the first paper below.

        DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4540.5603 or;

        http://www.hadronicpress.com/issues/HJ/VOL36/HJ-36-6.pdf

        That and most other other important results are also archived on arXiv i.e. http://arxiv.org/a/jackson_p_1

        or rather more on Academia.edu;

        Peter http://independent.academia.edu/JacksonPeter/Papers

        ---My reply... I will do that, I never saw through a telescope, in my life.... You will have to guide me. I will go through your papers and reply you...

        ...Your words....

        The video deriving cosmic redshift is here; Cosmic redshift without accelerating expansion Video http://youtu.be/KPsCp_S4cUs

        ---My reply... saw your You-tube presentation, It is very good. you are still considering a expanding universe model... You please see that there are Blue shifted Galaxies,Quasars(are blue shifted).... etc...which are 60 percent of total Galaxies. You will have to consider them also....

        and the (longer one) explaining the Classic QM mechanism here;

        https://vimeo.com/195020202, (Full) LIVE LINKS ALL IN THE COPY OF THIS IN MY ESSAY STRING)

        ....Your words....

        I expect that's quite enough for now as we both have many essays to read and review! I'll score yours now.

        ---My reply... Yes , you are correct, I want to read your essays now...

        ....Your words....

        PS. I hope 'Satyav' is OK? SNP here is the right wing Scottish Nationalist Party!

        ---My reply...

        LOL ! No problems, or even you can call me gupta

        Today I am giving my high rating to you.....

        Best regards

        =snp.gupta

        Dear Jeff Yee,

        Thank you for your encouraging reply,

        Thank you for your interest on my essay and good question...

        Main problem was the length of the paper. I have to delete many related paragraphs to adjust for the acceptable length.

        In this essay, the property of intent of the biological world and the property of reproduction are shown to be present as properties of the universe. These properties were deducted from UGF- the Universal gravitational force acting on any mass, and the fact that Galaxies originate and quench at different times and at different distances irrespective of Bigbang. The Universe behaves as though it is having its own mind.

        .... Intent.....

        '..... 1.1 About Dynamic Universe Model: In our Dynamic Universe every mass is moving in a direction and goal determined universal gravitational force (UGF) as the indomitable resultant vector of gravitational forces acted by all the other bodies in the Universe. This UGF is not constant force acting in only one direction. This resultant UGF vector force is varying according to ever varying dynamic movements and positions of all the masses in the Universe from time to time. In Dynamic Universe Model, this UGF is the fundamental concept; this model calculates this force "UGF" from moment to moment using its mathematical laws on each and every mass in the SITA simulations. In this way many present-day unsolved physics problems were solved. This method is different from conventional two body problem solution.[10]......'

        This UGF sets the goals for every Galaxy or for every mass..

        ...... Reproduction......

        Galaxies take birth in different times and quench (die) in different times in different directions. But the positioning of Galaxies is not random, they will come to a stable 'Dynamic Equilibrium' positions due to UGF is the main theme.

        Universe is having Galaxies, which take birth and death is happening. In the Cosmos the biological world is also a part in which is reproduction is taking place. The same thing is happening in the Galaxies. In this essay this reproduction ability is emphasized.

        Computer simulations were shown to support the paper.

        Here Goals were created by the Mathematics of Dynamic Universe Model in the form of Universal Gravitational Force (UGF). This UGF is the total resultant force on any mass ( here in this case the individual Galaxy) which decides the path to be followed in the next instance. That is how the time is pulling every Galaxy..

        Many papers and books were published on Dynamic universe Model by the author on unsolved problems of present day Physics, for example 'Absolute Rest frame of reference is not necessary' (1994) , 'Multiple bending of light ray can create many images for one Galaxy: in our dynamic universe', About "SITA" simulations, 'Missing mass in Galaxy is NOT required', "New mathematics tensors without Differential and Integral equations", "Information, Reality and Relics of Cosmic Microwave Background", "Dynamic Universe Model explains the Discrepancies of Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry Observations.", in 2015 'Explaining Formation of Astronomical Jets Using Dynamic Universe Model, 'Explaining Pioneer anomaly', 'Explaining Near luminal velocities in Astronomical jets', 'Observation of super luminal neutrinos', 'Process of quenching in Galaxies due to formation of hole at the center of Galaxy, as its central densemass dries up', "Dynamic Universe Model Predicts the Trajectory of New Horizons Satellite Going to Pluto" etc., are some more papers from the Dynamic Universe model. Four Books also were published. Book1 shows Dynamic Universe Model is singularity free and body to collision free, Book 2, and Book 3 are explanation of equations of Dynamic Universe model. Book 4 deals about prediction and finding of Blue shifted Galaxies in the universe

        Additionally you please have a look at the CONCLUSION of the essay and please see above... my reply to the question by...

        Al Schneider wrote on Jan. 27, 2017 @ 07:59 GMT

        and my reply to...

        Harry Hamlin Ricker III wrote on Jan. 31, 2017 @ 14:49 GMT

        I hope it will clarify your question, if not we can discuss again

        Best regards

        =snp.gupta

        Dear Mr. Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta,

        Thank you very much for your kind comment and your encouragement. You definitely understand the point, and you clearly also see the problem.

        In my article "Quantum Astronomy Part I" is described the model of the sun having a hollow core as introduced in. The model helps to explain a number of experimental facts of kinetics, energetics, and sun spectroscopy based on classic physics. The origin of the sun's energy is not the thermonuclear process taking place in its core, but the coherent, anisotropic gravitational compression of the atomic hydrogen in the solar shell at the temperature of 6298°K. https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9912537v1.pdf http://metagalactic.net/

        And article "Manifesto. The Manifesto. The Galactic Internet"

        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265577187_Manifesto_The_Galactic_Internet

        The temperature in Kelvin (2000 - 80000) Kelvin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification

        I read your essay today, and find that we are in even more agreement than usual.

        In 1998 we proposed the metagalaxy model as a hollow sphere with a shell of solid hydrogen at a temperature of about 3K and radius or 11.8535x10^9 lightyears. [Ilyanok A.M. Quantum Astronomy. Part II. arXiv: astro-ph / 0001059]. This size metagalaxy was confirmed by experiments with the WMAP satellite 2003. Jeffrey Weeks calculations have shown that the universe is finite and very compact, a radius of about 11 billion lightyears.

        More details can be found in the work A. Ilyanok "Femtotechnologies. Step I Atom Hydrogen"

        http://vixra.org/abs/1306.0014

        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264346914_FEMTOTEHNOLOGII_PERVYJ_SAG_-_ATOM_VODORODA

        Best regards

          Hi Satyav,

          Thanks for reading and commenting on my essay. Cosmology is an interesting hobby. I have been following developments in the field and agree that there are many discrepancies. The argument for a cosmology with no big bang was argued vigorously for many years. Those that won the argument pointed to the uniform distribution of Helium4 and residual Deuterium, Li7, etc. Their measurements were consistent with a temperature of about 1e9K and a big bang. Hubble's work argued strongly for expansion. You mentioned the fruitless search for dark matter. You are right on and it concerns me too.

          As others have said, I didn't find much about the FQXi topic in your essay but cosmology is definitely wandering toward a goal and many seem lost at the present time.

          Gene Barbee

          Satyav

          I'm not sure 'Peter Pan' is appropriate for an ex rugby player! I don't look through telescopes either (most terrestrial telescopes can't see far), and as semi retired and not earning money in astronomy I'm not a 'professional' astronomer, but 'accredited' (still a fellow of the RAS, AAS, MRi, APS etc.), still help in AGN and galaxy classification programmes, but I'm more physicist/cosmologist.

          The data comes from the Hubble Space telescope, the dozen or so other probes we have up there looking at various things at various frequencies, and a similar number of specialist powerful terrestrial instruments and arrays. We now have so much data coming in we're years behind in correlation and analysis!

          Im also a member of the International Astrostatistics Association (IAA) and massive data sets are available at the ASAIP here; https://asaip.psu.edu/. However studying analysis papers can be far more productive, as long as you don't do just a few (and know how to read between the lines). Some analysis is nonsense based on past errors but the papers referenced in my own papers are all top notch.

          On Blue shift - don't forget 'young' galaxies (from open spirals) are all far bluer (younger stars) than old discs, which are red. ('Ellipticals' is still a common misnomer, due almost solely to the orientation of the disc plane wrt us!). The other blue peak we find is from the quasar jet approaching us, which can have collimated components at up to 46c. (No, NOT a typo!) The opposing jet is therefore red and often then red shifted beyond detectable wavelength for the instrument (a fact barely recognized by most!).

          You also need to carefully study the dynamic 'whole universe' models showing the various 'flows' of clusters and filaments.

          Only once you've done that for some years, absorbed masses of evidence and removed all the flaws can you begin to form and present a coherent credible picture which most of our current 'gatekeepers' of theory (including editors) will study for longer than ~0.6-1.2 seconds before deciding to dismiss out of hand or ignore, if they look at all!

          You must remind me after the contest to look further at what you've done so far. I'll also post your score shortly.

          Very best of luck in the contest.

          Peter (COPIED FROM MY ESSAY STRING)

          Dear Alexander M. Ilyanok,

          Wonderful sir, probably some more details of the process, which you call... "anisotropic gravitational compression of the atomic hydrogen in the solar shell" are needed to understand it fully and to discuss it with you.....

          I will post in details on your essay

          Best regards

          =snp.

          Hi Gene Barbee,

          Thank you for the interest on my essay, thank you very much for taking time to comment on my essay. Hope you will discuss about this answer....

          ... Your words....Those that won the argument pointed to the uniform distribution of Helium4 and residual Deuterium, Li7, etc.

          ...... Reply..... That is not correct, they won't contribute to the mass; as they are parts of bigger masses. Vacuum (say ether) density is different to that of Earth or Sun or Galaxy. There is no Uniform density anywhere in the universe. Probably you don't accept.

          ... Your words....Their measurements were consistent with a temperature of about 1e9K and a big bang.

          ...... Reply..... There are some basic problems in WMAP satellites' instrumentation and software. WMAP cannot eliminate Microwave radiation from Stars, Galaxies and clusters. If you calculate CMB using Stephen-Boltzmann law there will be nothing left from BB generated CMB radiation...

          Please have a look at my essay on CMB in FQXi few years back

          http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/1607

          ... Your words.... Hubble's work argued strongly for expansion.

          ...... Reply..... That time Known blue shifted Galaxies are handful. Quasars are unknown. Quasars are also blue shifted. At present these two constitute 40 percent, 20 percent don't show any shift. So the expanding universe got 40 percent votes.... !

          ... Your words....You mentioned the fruitless search for dark matter.

          ...... Reply..... Many papers and books were published on Dynamic universe Model by the author on unsolved problems (of Bigbang) of present day Physics, for example 'Absolute Rest frame of reference is not necessary' (1994) , 'Multiple bending of light ray can create many images for one Galaxy: in our dynamic universe', About "SITA" simulations, 'Missing mass in Galaxy is NOT required', "New mathematics tensors without Differential and Integral equations", "Information, Reality and Relics of Cosmic Microwave Background", "Dynamic Universe Model explains the Discrepancies of Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry Observations.", in 2015 'Explaining Formation of Astronomical Jets Using Dynamic Universe Model, 'Explaining Pioneer anomaly', 'Explaining Near luminal velocities in Astronomical jets', 'Observation of super luminal neutrinos', 'Process of quenching in Galaxies due to formation of hole at the center of Galaxy, as its central densemass dries up', "Dynamic Universe Model Predicts the Trajectory of New Horizons Satellite Going to Pluto" etc., are some more papers from the Dynamic Universe model. Four Books also were published. Book1 shows Dynamic Universe Model is singularity free and body to collision free, Book 2, and Book 3 are explanation of equations of Dynamic Universe model. Book 4 deals about prediction and finding of Blue shifted Galaxies in the universe

          Additionally you please have a look at the CONCLUSION of the essay and please see above... my reply to the question by...

          Al Schneider wrote on Jan. 27, 2017 @ 07:59 GMT

          and my reply to...

          Harry Hamlin Ricker III wrote on Jan. 31, 2017 @ 14:49 GMT

          ... Your words.... You are right on and it concerns me too.

          ...... Reply..... There are many aspects like that.

          ... Your words.... As others have said, I didn't find much about the FQXi topic in your essay but cosmology is definitely wandering toward a goal and many seem lost at the present time.

          ...... Reply..... Probably you like to read the question but you DON'T want to read the answer is it not? I hope you will read my reply here and discuss ....

          Main problem was the length of the paper. I have to delete many related paragraphs to adjust for the acceptable character length.

          In this essay, the property of intent of the biological world and the property of reproduction are shown to be present as properties of the universe. These properties were deducted from UGF- the Universal gravitational force acting on any mass, and the fact that Galaxies originate and quench at different times and at different distances irrespective of Bigbang. The Universe behaves as though it is having its own mind.

          .... Intent.....

          '..... 1.1 About Dynamic Universe Model: In our Dynamic Universe every mass is moving in a direction and goal determined universal gravitational force (UGF) as the indomitable resultant vector of gravitational forces acted by all the other bodies in the Universe. This UGF is not constant force acting in only one direction. This resultant UGF vector force is varying according to ever varying dynamic movements and positions of all the masses in the Universe from time to time. In Dynamic Universe Model, this UGF is the fundamental concept; this model calculates this force "UGF" from moment to moment using its mathematical laws on each and every mass in the SITA simulations. In this way many present-day unsolved physics problems were solved. This method is different from conventional two body problem solution.[10]......'

          This UGF sets the goals for every Galaxy or for every mass..

          ...... Reproduction......

          Galaxies take birth in different times and quench (die) in different times in different directions. But the positioning of Galaxies is not random, they will come to a stable 'Dynamic Equilibrium' positions due to UGF is the main theme.

          Universe is having Galaxies, which take birth and death is happening. In the Cosmos the biological world is also a part in which is reproduction is taking place. The same thing is happening in the Galaxies. In this essay this reproduction ability is emphasized.

          Dear Peter,

          So you are a Physically strong Peter Pan !

          Really Wonderful !

          I am a retired person worked in Bhilai steel plant... I retired at 60 in 2014, 2.5 years back. I am electrical engineer, worked in SAP, ERP software implementation. I never saw through a telescope lengthier than 12 inches. Astrophysics and cosmology are my hobbies. Papers are published for the last 25 years on Dynamic Universe model.

          You got an exciting carrier. You are doing wonderfully well. Let me ask few questions on what you just posted. Your words... "On Blue shift - don't forget 'young' galaxies (from open spirals) are all far bluer (younger stars) than old discs, which are red. ('Ellipticals' is still a common misnomer, due almost solely to the orientation of the disc plane wrt us!). The other blue peak we find is from the quasar jet approaching us, which can have collimated components at up to 46c. (No, NOT a typo!) The opposing jet is therefore red and often then red shifted beyond detectable wavelength for the instrument (a fact barely recognized by most!)....."

          I got some questions.................

          You mean both blue and redshifts are simultaneously present in a single Galaxy... If it is properly oriented.....???

          What is 46c ? 46 times velocity of light C?. I hope you will see work on Astronomical Jets. You take ray of light or flow of neutrinos, or alpha particles parallel to plane of the Galaxy. Allow it to travel towards center of Galaxy. When that reaches center....WOOOOSH !... suddenly it turns its direction perpendicular to Galaxy center. See this paper

          Explaining formation of Astronomical Jets using Dynamic Universe Model

          http://viXra.org/abs/1606.0219

          I actually observed super luminal velocities in astronomical jets. See these papers...

          Explaining near light velocities observed in Astronomical Jets using SITA simulations

          http://viXra.org/abs/1606.0232

          Dynamic Universe Model solves 'Faster than Light Neutrinos' riddle

          http://viXra.org/abs/1608.0313

          Dynamic Universe Model is really wonderful; you have to SEE yourself to believe it....

          See for an introduction...

          http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_15.html

          Best Regards

          =snp.gupta