Paul,
I've now read through all your comments, needing another essay to answer. I saw nothing I disagreed with, but I'll try to take your latest points above.
"If you consider a line that extends out from the point of origin of a photon at the supernova and goes through the center of the photon, do you consider the photon's shape to be a rotating sphere traveling out away from the supernova along that line at the speed c, as an object that consists of one or more point objects that travel in an orbital pattern around that line while at the same time traveling at speed c in the direction of the line, or as some other form or shape?"
No2 is closest, but the path has 'helicity', the radius expands and the dynamics are fractal, so maybe better described as toroidal (perhaps twin helices for electrons). 'Particle like' when 'detected' (from ahead) and a 'wavelike' track if 'observed while going past' (impossible of course). The 'speed c away from the supernova' also becomes increasingly unlikely due to interactions/ requantizations at c in the centre of mass frame by quanta in some other state of motion ('inertial frame').
Do you consider the shape or form of the photon to just be the shape that the motions are traveling in and the motions are the real existence or do you consider the photon to have some other substance beyond just the motions that you mention? It looks like you are saying that the photon's size is increasing, so that it takes a longer time to complete one rotation on its axis. Is that the case? If that is the case then that size increase will grow very quickly due to the rapid increase in size of the wave front sphere with distance from the source. I could be wrong, but it would seem that this would result in a very great red shift even at a short distance from the source and in even 1 light year from the source the red shift would be very extreme, much more than is generally ever measured in light from actual stars.
Yes, and should only be problematic if you don't account for requantizations.
When a photon interacts with an electron in an atom..." Good question. I haven't yet thought about possible answers.
"What is the condensate made of and how does it create matter particles when shearing motion is added to it? Is it like the vacuum energy of quantum mechanics or something else? What is a real world example with actual observable data of how the identical pairs (such as 2 electrons) that you mention have actually been produced? Most of man's current data, that I have looked at, only talks about the production of a matter particle and its antiparticle in pair production."
Just run your finger through water. But don't be fooled by the (easier to observe) surface boundary dynamics. The 'vortices' are 3D. In a 'vacuum' they're made of 'Comprathene'. A silly answer 'medium' I invented long ago to demonstrate the silly question. It's really just fractal spin states, like water and turtles - 'all the way down'. The 'bottom' is well beyond the capability of slow motion giants line mankind the even conceive let alone 'see'. ('antiparticles' are nonsense, just the tail of the 'heads' or yang of the ying)
"When you say that the fundamental structure of an RNA molecule is fractal..."
Macro 'effects' can emerge at any 'scale' in the fractal sequence (How could/why should they not?) and interact ('couple') with other dynamics at that scale. Something else shocking; NO one protean should be precisely identical to any one other in the universe! Like grains of sand and snowflakes at our scale, stem cells, atoms & fermions.. etc. At some 'higher order' (I prefer; 'smaller scale') that may cease being true, but god only knows where!
"I looked at the paper that you provided the link to and I found the concept to be interesting. It would require the existence of various phenomena elements that have not actually been observed and proven by man, as far as I have seen so far"
You just need to look a little further, but little further than the Plank probe, the HubbleST and the annals of the MNRAS for instance. The secret is to discern and recognise what perhaps even the author hasn't from the findings, often by making unseen connections. All I describe is consistent with findings, and well referenced. The model only 'resolves' anomalous findings, and many of them! What 'new' mechanism do we need to see?' If we see shots of two cars heading for each other, then one of two mangled messes spinning away from each other, do we need some new physics just because out model suggests they may NOT have passed through each other as current theory suggests!
" ...the remaining matter that had not yet been accreted would not possess the power needed to keep the process going," Correct. The new AGN is 'born' on the orthogonal axis and a host of anomalus older stars in holo's and sattelite galaxies etc etc and explained along with the orthogonal outer rotation.
" The big problem that I see is that as the cycle time increases over many cycles, it would get to the point that it would be longer than the lifetime of most of the stars in the current galaxy." that may be true, but by that time the larger fractal has long started recycling the whole lot anyway! (maybe another 15Gyr). Or if not, then sure, a supernova may result. Whichever way, the greater majority of the matter seems to be re-ionized each time. I don't like unsupported assumptions and think you may have been getting into a few towards the end there!
I hope that helps your understanding of the model. Do take up the references to see the massive and wide gamut of anomalies and paradoxes the model can resolve!
Perhaps more importantly it's fits into the great jigsaw puzzle with other pieces that do the same; i.e. uniting relativity and SR, and all ultra Occam!
Best
peter