Essay Abstract

In this paper, we take the first steps of simplifying particles into a linear function that organizes particles based on their particle number, similar to how atoms are arranged by atomic number. This repeats the method that was used to organize atomic elements and create the Periodic Table of Elements in the 1800s. Now, the same process can be used for subatomic particles. The solution to linearize particles into a predictable function is not as simple as atomic elements, but it does exist. As with everything in physics, mathematics describes the universe in which we live and the same holds true for subatomic particles. We will introduce an equation that fits particles into a function that enables the prediction of future particle energies. It also predicts the exact mass of the elusive neutrino. Particles are first organized by particle numbers, similar to atomic numbers in the Periodic Table of Elements, and then charted against their known CODATA energy levels. The results will show similarities between particles and atomic elements - numbers where both are known to be more stable than their counterparts.

Author Bio

Mr. Jeff Yee (M.S. Management, B.S. Mechanical Engineering) and Dr. Yingbo Zhu (PhD Electrical Engineering) are visiting professors at South China Normal University, holding full-time roles in the electronics industry at ZTE and China Telecom respectively. Dr. Guofu Zhou (PhD Physics) is the founder and director of the Electronic Paper Display Institute at South China Normal University.

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New to the FQXi community, thanks to an invite from Declan Traill. It's been a pleasure reading through some of the essays (and rating), and it's great to see a forum such as this.

    Jeff,

    Welcome to FQXi. You present an interesting correlation. It seems to me that the true meaning of what you present is that the neutrino is the most fundamental building block of particles. It is very curious to me that the summation that you present is based upon the difference between the cubes of successive integers. I will need to ponder that for quite awhile.

    Best Regards and Good Luck,

    Gary Simpson

      Thanks Gary. This does indeed make the neutrino an interesting particle to study. I appreciate the feedback and hope you enjoy your weekend.

      Dear Yee, Zhu and Zhou,

      My complements for a nice research essay.

      Good essay on trying to fit a nice co-relation between particle numbers and their known CODATA energy levels.

      Your words ... "We will introduce an equation that fits particles into a function that enables the prediction of future particle energies. It also predicts the exact mass of the elusive neutrino. Particles are first organized by particle numbers, similar to atomic numbers in the Periodic Table of Elements, and then charted against their known CODATA energy levels. "... are good.

      Your additional conclusions are Good.... "Focusing on the first 50 particle numbers, two more findings are observed:

      • The stable particles (neutrino, electron and proton) fit exactly on the trendline. Although this may be merely a coincidence because the pion and tau electron also fit on the trendline, yet both of these particles decay.

      • The leptons (neutrino and electron family of particles) are found at particle numbers that match stable atomic elements. In atomic elements, these are known as magic numbers. The first five magic numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28 and 50. This leaves the possibility of finding a neutrino particle at K=2 since this energy value does not match a known particle."

      Have look at my essay also it is also a research based essay...

      Best wishes...

      =snp. Gupta

        Dear Jeff,

        Your comment really is beautiful, thank you so much - our command becomes more!

        Previously I can say that I have nothing against to neutrino, the electron is preferable because it is always under our hands (I mean it is much easy to detect and to study). Moreover, the neutrino does not have charge and mag. momentum that makes so much difficult to catch and to identify it. Principally, if we can to explain what is any particle on a 100% then we can understand almost everything!

        I will study your work and to return again after short time!

        Best wishes!

        George

        Jeff

        Thank you for good words about my paper.

        I have also read your brilliant paper. I found it very interesting and have given it high points. I will read it several times since I do not know so much about the standard model.

        Good luck.

        Regards _____________________________ John-Erik

        Yes, I will take a look at it now. Originally, I had focused on essays more similar to the research I did with my colleagues, but now I have gone through those that were similar, I will expand and read more. I'll take a look at yours now.

        The same to me. Thank you Jeff, our essay is being post on this wonderful forum. I look forward to seeing more comments...

        Dear Yee, Zhu and Zhou,

        Approach is very interesting and promising further progress. It is very interesting to use K^4. This is common known for temperatures. I also get ^4 in other processes. How did you get K^4?

        Have you an explanation for the gap between particle numbers 72 and 106 at figure 2.

        Think of this. K=1 could be some hypothetical particle, not necessary neutrino. Then for neutrino K=2. Maybe it gives better results. My essay also is governed by mathematics.

        Regards,

        Branko

          You are correct that K=1 does not have to be the neutrino. It is possible that it is K=2, but that means the rest mass of the neutrino will be higher than the current range when it is ultimately found. It is a possibility.

          The value for K^4 comes from a paper: Particle Energy and Interaction. It derives the rest energy of particles based on three dimensional standing waves. The particle number (K) affects the amplitude of this standing wave in each of the three dimensions (K^3). But the particle number also has an effect on the number of standing waves in the particle (K). The latter is assumed to be the particle radius where standing waves transition to traveling waves.

          I'll take a look at your essay later today and will also send it to my colleagues. Thanks for the feedback Branko.

          Dear Jeff Yee,

          Thank you for your encouraging post on my essay. I am reproducing my reply here for your immediate perusal ...............

          Thank you for your interest on my essay and good question...

          Main problem was the length of the paper. I have to delete many related paragraphs to adjust for the acceptable length.

          In this essay, the property of intent of the biological world and the property of reproduction are shown to be present as properties of the universe. These properties were deducted from UGF- the Universal gravitational force acting on any mass, and the fact that Galaxies originate and quench at different times and at different distances irrespective of Bigbang. The Universe behaves as though it is having its own mind.

          .... Intent.....

          '..... 1.1 About Dynamic Universe Model: In our Dynamic Universe every mass is moving in a direction and goal determined universal gravitational force (UGF) as the indomitable resultant vector of gravitational forces acted by all the other bodies in the Universe. This UGF is not constant force acting in only one direction. This resultant UGF vector force is varying according to ever varying dynamic movements and positions of all the masses in the Universe from time to time. In Dynamic Universe Model, this UGF is the fundamental concept; this model calculates this force "UGF" from moment to moment using its mathematical laws on each and every mass in the SITA simulations. In this way many present-day unsolved physics problems were solved. This method is different from conventional two body problem solution.[10]......'

          This UGF sets the goals for every Galaxy or for every mass..

          ...... Reproduction......

          Galaxies take birth in different times and quench (die) in different times in different directions. But the positioning of Galaxies is not random, they will come to a stable 'Dynamic Equilibrium' positions due to UGF is the main theme.

          Universe is having Galaxies, which take birth and death is happening. In the Cosmos the biological world is also a part in which is reproduction is taking place. The same thing is happening in the Galaxies. In this essay this reproduction ability is emphasized.

          Computer simulations were shown to support the paper.

          Here Goals were created by the Mathematics of Dynamic Universe Model in the form of Universal Gravitational Force (UGF). This UGF is the total resultant force on any mass ( here in this case the individual Galaxy) which decides the path to be followed in the next instance. That is how the time is pulling every Galaxy..

          Many papers and books were published on Dynamic universe Model by the author on unsolved problems of present day Physics, for example 'Absolute Rest frame of reference is not necessary' (1994) , 'Multiple bending of light ray can create many images for one Galaxy: in our dynamic universe', About "SITA" simulations, 'Missing mass in Galaxy is NOT required', "New mathematics tensors without Differential and Integral equations", "Information, Reality and Relics of Cosmic Microwave Background", "Dynamic Universe Model explains the Discrepancies of Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry Observations.", in 2015 'Explaining Formation of Astronomical Jets Using Dynamic Universe Model, 'Explaining Pioneer anomaly', 'Explaining Near luminal velocities in Astronomical jets', 'Observation of super luminal neutrinos', 'Process of quenching in Galaxies due to formation of hole at the center of Galaxy, as its central densemass dries up', "Dynamic Universe Model Predicts the Trajectory of New Horizons Satellite Going to Pluto" etc., are some more papers from the Dynamic Universe model. Four Books also were published. Book1 shows Dynamic Universe Model is singularity free and body to collision free, Book 2, and Book 3 are explanation of equations of Dynamic Universe model. Book 4 deals about prediction and finding of Blue shifted Galaxies in the universe

          Additionally you please have a look at the CONCLUSION of the essay and please see above... my reply to the question by...

          Al Schneider wrote on Jan. 27, 2017 @ 07:59 GMT

          and my reply to...

          Harry Hamlin Ricker III wrote on Jan. 31, 2017 @ 14:49 GMT

          I hope it will clarify your question, if not we can discuss again

          Best regards

          =snp.gupta

            I just gave my reply below as a new post, Sorry I did not post them here

            best

            =snp.gupta

            Dear Jeff Yee

            I have study your work (Particle energy .... in vixra.org).

            I am very impressed with your huge work and I find very right things there, concerning to a wave-field common essence of everything. Particularly, You correctly have explained the double slit interference of particles (by the way it is much coincide with the mine!) and many useful things also are there.

            However, I am forced to say some my regrets also. The standing wave concept of particles is really are very right and this will become much more productive for you if you will start from VORTEX NATURE of field and waves (with your phenomenal ability to working!) I just friendly recommend you carefully to study my works (not now, of course). I think your level will allow you to catch some very necessary trifles from there in short time. Then you can to develop your nice ideas more successfully!

            Good wishes!

              Dear Mr. Yee and Professors Yingbo and Guofu Zhou,

              Please excuse me for I have no intention of disparaging in any way any part of your essay.

              I merely wish to point out that "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) Physicist & Nobel Laureate."

              Only nature could produce a reality so simple, a single cell amoeba could deal with it.

              The real Universe must consist only of one unified visible infinite physical surface occurring in one infinite dimension, that am always illuminated by infinite non-surface light.

              A more detailed explanation of natural reality can be found in my essay, SCORE ONE FOR SIMPLICITY. I do hope that you will read my essay and perhaps comment on its merit.

              Joe Fisher, Realist

                George, I'd be happy to take a look. Can you send me a URL to the works?

                Thanks for taking the time to address my questions and glad you posted it here too (I don't think I get notifications for replies on a post on someone else's paper). You've addressed it andI'll also go back and read the comments field too per your suggestion.

                Jeff, Your Table 1 shows the "missing mass problem". The total energy at the beginning of an atomic transition does not equal the end of transition energy from one element to another. The energy is described as "binding energy", and has never been properly described. The energy is "lost" meaning at the quantum field level in TPICT my essay connections are lost in the geometry of reconnection in the magnetic field. any CODATA values are misrepresented as to the influence of gravity at the quantum level.

                I hope this is helpful,I believe we are getting closer to the basic unit of operation Sincerely Francis

                Francis, I want to make sure I understand this comment correctly from your post... "The total energy at the beginning of an atomic transition does not equal the end of transition energy from one element to another". Can you give an example?

                Hello Mr Yee,

                Congratulations for your essay.I see a relevant extrapolation towards this quantum weakest force this gravity,we see a relevant general method to find this force.But if I can and with humility Mr Yee, I beleive strongly that we must consider this quantum gravitation in an other way than our electromagnetic model,our standard model.This quantum gravity tending to infinity gas a problme.And I beleive that we must consider it not baryonic nor relativistic.This force so cannot be an emergent electromagnetic force.If the cosm and quant 3D sphères turns, it is not due to themro and heat it seems to me.Now imagine the dark matter the supermassive BHs in the cold and that these BHs produce these particles of gravitation and that these particles are cold and speeder than c.See that in this reasoning, the aether is gravitation from the central cosm singularity, the central biggest BH creating the speeder spherons,I named them like that.That is why I have invented this equation about matter energy.E=mc²+ml² we have a road towards the entire infinite gravitational entropy Mr Yee in fact.This cold seems essential.We have not a problem of equivalence when we consider the number of BHs and the number of spherons,because spherons are speeder and more numerous than photons simply.This gravitational aerthe from this cosm singularity is connected with our quantum cnetral singularities,that is why I have inserted quantum BHs with forces stronger than nuclear gluonic forces and spherons encoded them weaker than photns of our electromagnetism.So we can see this standard model encircled by this ngravitation.I loved your work permitting to rank better our standard model.It is very relevant and thanks for sharing your works and researchs.That improves our datas,you complete the postulates and laws.I am wishing you all the best Mr Yee in this contest ,good luck from belgium.