Essay Abstract

Although continuous space and time seem to be fundamental to our universe along with matter and action, there does seem to be a way for space and time to emerge from the fundamental action of matter. Such an approach does, however, seem to turn the universe inside out since quantum decoherence now drives the emergence of space and time.

Author Bio

Steve is a Modeler and supports nuclear waste modeling and technology development for various clients. He has 28 years experience in science and technology development in both the public and private sectors and is an internationally recognized nuclear waste scientist with over seventy publications. He did plasma technology development for 7 years and was project leader in at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Now Dr. Agnew just takes it easy...

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I find it interesting that you are attributing space and time (aether) to your more fundamental components of "matter" and "action". I can interpret action as a form of energy but do you think that matter is fundamental? There are so many particles that are considered matter. Are you clumping all the particles as a fundamental ingredient? If so - how? and if not, that's a lot of fundamental ingredients!

    ""The universe is made up of discrete particles and collections of discrete actions and observers infer continous space and time from those discrete actions." If the preceding hypothesis is true, then is it likely that some mathematical lattice structure is involved in the foundations of physics? Is the Leech lattice essential in understanding the foundations of physics?

    Leech lattice, Wikipedia

      Steve,

      I must have missed it, but I was not able to infer the meaning of CSL.

      You argue that mass and action are fundamental. You also argue that aether is fundamental. Which is more fundamental in your opinion. I believe that the vacuum has properties and is therefore more than a void. This is my interpretation of aether.

      I am not clear how a shrinking universe would explain what is observed at a large scale. It would create the appearance that the universe is getting larger. But it seems to me that everything would be BLUE shifted rather than red shifted.

      All in all, an interesting read.

      Best Regards,

      Gary Simpson

        Thank you very much for the essay. I think you are almost right in stating that 'discrete aether and discrete action are most fundamental'. Since discrete aether (mentioned by you) is structured by matter, matter becomes the most fundamental entity. I support this view.

        However, an action is the difference between two states of a real entity and it is the effect of a cause. Hence, cause should always precede action (effect). As cause is the reason for action, cause becomes more fundamental, which itself is the product of real entities.

        'Fundamental' describes something from which everything else is made. Therefore, the fundamental (entity) of universe is beyond definition (by its own products). We can only assume its existence and infer its actions to form everything else, including discrete aether, by its own grace. In material world, existence of matter is nearest to absolute truth. Hence, matter can be safely assumed to provide substance to all real entities. This makes 'matter' the 'most fundamental' entity of all.

        Thanks for links to your blogs posts.

          7 days later

          Hi Steve, you have done a good job presenting your model, nice presentation. It was easier to read and comprehend than I had anticipated. You have very clearly indicated what you consider fundamental, addressing the topic question. Kind regards, Georgina

            5 days later

            Thanks for the very useful comment. Action is a form of energy and classically, action is the difference between kinetic and potential energies. Thus, for a bound system like an atom, action is zero and for a scattering interaction, action is nonzero.

            Action therefore has a long history in physics, both classical and quantum. There are many particles that mainstream science considers fundamental as well as many constants...some 50 or sixty depending on if you count antimatter separate from matter.

            Discrete aether has only one fundamental particle, the gaekron, with a very small mass, mae = 8.68e-69 kg. Everything including light is then made up of aether. In addition, there are only two fundamental constants from which all other constants derive. Thus aether in a bound state is what science calls matter particles. Two aether particles bound together are what science calls a dipole photon and four aether particles are a quadrupole biphoton, which is the graviton particle of gravity.

            Quantum gravity follows nicely from discrete aether since the photon created at creation, the cosmic microwave background, entangles the binding photon of each atom of matter. This means that gravity force scales charge force as a biphoton with the size of the universe while charge force is local dipole photon exchange.

            The approach of discrete aether seems much too simple compared with the complexities of stringy and loopy theories, but it is fun to have a final answer to one of the deep mysteries of science...

            You know, there are already 50 or sixty fundamental dimensions as particles and constants and replacing our 3 dimensions with a 24 dimension euclidean space would allow a lot of leeway. If you include 21 hidden variables it is very likely that you can solve any problem since you just have to adjust the parameters to fit the elephant.

            Obviously, I am not a big fan of adding hidden variables since I like measurement most of all. That is why quantum phase decoherence is so important for any quantum gravity. Science is actually very close to measuring the fundamental quantum phase decoherence of 0.26 ppb/yr and when it finally does, it will prove discrete aether is true.

            Before then, the various decays of matter, earth spin, and moon orbit will all be ascribed to chaos and tidal friction or just accepted as mystery.

            I appreciate your comments and they are very helpful to me. Continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) is a notion that there is some kind of jiggling in the vacuum that is what collapses wavefunctions and therefore is what makes quantum real.

            In quantum aether, the motion of charge in neutral atoms leads to a gravity jitter that is only apparent at some radius from the atom. Unlike CSL, discrete aether has well-defined radius and times and that is the red X on the plot. Normally, CSL simply assume that there is a jiggling but does not yet measure it directly.

            Mass and action are fundamental and the mass of the aether particle at 8.7e-69 kg is the one and only fundamental particle, Every other particle, including photons, are all made up of the bound actions of two or more aether particles.

            Aether is what defines matter and along with action, is also what defines space and time. The shrinking universe does result in blue shifts, but early time have lower forces and therefore appear red shifted because they are lower force. Thus many physical constants evolve over the universe.

            Thank-you for your comment. All matter is made up of some structure or action of aether. Action is the difference between kinetic and potential energy and so for a bound state, action is zero. When there is an imbalance, there is action and matter changes.

            Typically science calls this imbalance a cause and the action an effect, but here is where we must be careful. There is phase as well as amplitude for every action and the action of phase can be difficult to assign to a single cause. Although mass exchange means conservation of mass, phase exchange is a quantum property of entanglement.

            This means that quantum effects may not be due to single causes but rather a superposition of causes. In fact, it may not be possible to actually know the cause of a quantum action except as a probability. This means that it is the action that is fundamental and not its cause since cause may be uncertain.

            Matter is fundamental, but matter has no meaning without action and it is the duality of matter and action that is fundamental.

            9 days later

            Dear Dr. Agnew,

            You discuss many things in your essay, not all of which I followed. But you talk about particles of a discrete aether which defines space and time.

            You might be interested in my essay, "Fundamental Waves and the Reunification of Physics", in which I argue that time and space are defined by the quantum frequency and wavelength of the electron. In a gravitational potential, these parameters are subject to gravitational time dilation and length contraction. The trajectories of general relativity follow from this, without consideration of any abstract spacetime. I argue further that Planck's constant arises from spin quantization of these same quantum fields. But there is no need for uncertainty, superposition, decoherence, and entanglement that are present in the orthodox theory. This neoclassical synthesis is remarkably simple and unifying, and makes testable predictions that differ from orthodox quantum theory.

            Furthermore, the advent of quantum computing takes this beyond obscure philosophy into the technological realm. Without entanglement, quantum computing will not work. There are billions of dollars being invested in this, and I expect an answer within 5 years. But when I have tried to discuss this with active participants in the field, they react as if I am killing the goose that is laying the golden eggs. No one wants to hear such a negative story, including funding agents. My prediction is that the failure of quantum computing will lead to a reassessment of the entire foundations of quantum mechanics.

            Best Wishes,

            Alan Kadin

              Thank-you for your attention...attention is difficult to get in the FXQI cacaphony of opinion.

              My fundamentals include a fundamental particle of aether and you seem to have a fundamental particle as an electron. Of course, mainstream science presumes electrons as fundamental as well and so it is not clear how your theory can use electrons and mainstream cannot.

              The electron is simply to large to be fundamental and there are 1e38 or so aether particle in each electron. There are only two aethers in each photon and only four aethers in each biphoton or graviton.

              Look...science will either measure phase decay in the next couple of years and validate discrete aether or they will not. In either event, it is has been fun...

              Steve,

              Great essay. Interesting, nice writing style. Short, but very sweet. For me a truffle beats the largest of plum puddings!

              I think you hit most key points for successful rationalisation of the ever stickier plum pudding of doctrine. CSL, discrete ether, and constant electron spin rate, all well justified. At 3 points each just for those it's near max even though curtailed!

              I would prevail on you to read mine, which employs those 3 concepts with a couple more new ingredients to surprising (for most but not for us) effect. I also commend Declan Trail's (even shorter!) giving the matching computer code.

              Of course I don't agree all. I've published a cyclic cosmology model that appears to fit wider evidence very well, though it does have two opposing parts (as Quasar jets) an orthogonal axis for each cycle which could be said to be 'inverse'. But the scoring criteria doesn't include 'agreement'.

              I look forward to discussion. Very well done on yours.

              Best wishes

              Peter

                Well...you have been around the block way before I was...but thanks. Not too many essays seem to actually state what is fundamental and so that is a little disappointing to me.

                Also, not too many essays deal with gravity unification and that is too bad. I do read essays that address the theme, but many unfortunately do not seem to address what is fundamental...

                Steve, Descartes idea of identity of space and matter stronger ideas of ether, which he imagined tiny particles that fill the interstices between large particles, to make the space without voids. He said that the void spaces are filled immediately and they do not exist. New Cartesian Physics, the principles of which I developed according to the modern view that the voids in the filled space with the speed of light, and this is the reason perpetual motion of a physical space which is matter. Steve, I urge you, take over in his papers the mythological air of the notion of physical space and they'll soon become more attractive. Read my essay and see how radically you can change physics. I give you my highest rating.

                Sincerely, Dizhechko Boris Semyonovich.

                  Hi Steve Agnew

                  Wonderfully matching ideas dear Steve Agnew.... The concept "Although continuous space and time seem to be fundamental to our universe, Discrete Matter and Action is Fundamental" you are correct.... Very nice idea.... I highly appreciate your essay and hope for reciprocity.

                  On the similar principles the Dynamic Universe Model also emerged....

                  I request you please spend some of the valuable time on Dynamic Universe Model also and give your some of the valuable & esteemed guidance

                  Some of the Main foundational points of Dynamic Universe Model :

                  -No Isotropy

                  -No Homogeneity

                  -No Space-time continuum

                  -Non-uniform density of matter, universe is lumpy

                  -No singularities

                  -No collisions between bodies

                  -No blackholes

                  -No warm holes

                  -No Bigbang

                  -No repulsion between distant Galaxies

                  -Non-empty Universe

                  -No imaginary or negative time axis

                  -No imaginary X, Y, Z axes

                  -No differential and Integral Equations mathematically

                  -No General Relativity and Model does not reduce to GR on any condition

                  -No Creation of matter like Bigbang or steady-state models

                  -No many mini Bigbangs

                  -No Missing Mass / Dark matter

                  -No Dark energy

                  -No Bigbang generated CMB detected

                  -No Multi-verses

                  Here:

                  -Accelerating Expanding universe with 33% Blue shifted Galaxies

                  -Newton's Gravitation law works everywhere in the same way

                  -All bodies dynamically moving

                  -All bodies move in dynamic Equilibrium

                  -Closed universe model no light or bodies will go away from universe

                  -Single Universe no baby universes

                  -Time is linear as observed on earth, moving forward only

                  -Independent x,y,z coordinate axes and Time axis no interdependencies between axes..

                  -UGF (Universal Gravitational Force) calculated on every point-mass

                  -Tensors (Linear) used for giving UNIQUE solutions for each time step

                  -Uses everyday physics as achievable by engineering

                  -21000 linear equations are used in an Excel sheet

                  -Computerized calculations uses 16 decimal digit accuracy

                  -Data mining and data warehousing techniques are used for data extraction from large amounts of data.

                  - Many predictions of Dynamic Universe Model came true....Have a look at

                  http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_15.html

                  I request you to please have a look at my essay also, and give some of your esteemed criticism for your information........

                  Dynamic Universe Model says that the energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation passing grazingly near any gravitating mass changes its in frequency and finally will convert into neutrinos (mass). We all know that there is no experiment or quest in this direction. Energy conversion happens from mass to energy with the famous E=mC2, the other side of this conversion was not thought off. This is a new fundamental prediction by Dynamic Universe Model, a foundational quest in the area of Astrophysics and Cosmology.

                  In accordance with Dynamic Universe Model frequency shift happens on both the sides of spectrum when any electromagnetic radiation passes grazingly near gravitating mass. With this new verification, we will open a new frontier that will unlock a way for formation of the basis for continual Nucleosynthesis (continuous formation of elements) in our Universe. Amount of frequency shift will depend on relative velocity difference. All the papers of author can be downloaded from "http://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.in/ "

                  I request you to please post your reply in my essay also, so that I can get an intimation that you replied

                  Best

                  =snp

                    Thank-you very much for your kind words. Descartes and most early scientists believed that there was a fundamental aether particle that actually filled all of space. Einstein, in fact, mentioned aether many times in his early work but abandoned aether in lieu of spacetime.

                    However, modern science has created aether many times over and yet call aether vacuum oscillators or strings or quantum loops or any number of other things. Aether is not a particle that fills all voids...voids and space are notions that we use to separate aether particles from each other. We keep track of the action of aether by a combination of space and time...both of which emerge from the action of aether...

                    Thank-you for your comments.

                    You do not mention quantum phase decay nor do you say anything about quantum gravity. You do have a long list, but without quantum phase decay, there can be no quantum gravity. You also do not seem to believe in the fundamental aether particle of the universe and that is a key to both quantum phase decay and quantum gravity...

                    Dear Steve;

                    I like your critique of the concept of continuous space and time. You have good intuitive insight when you say that "It is the collection of discrete wavelengths of light that define space from the discrete actions of that light"; but you have to go a bit deeper to find the reason for that fundamental discreteness. I think your line of thought can converge with mine. I invite you explore this possibility by reading my essay.

                    Yours truly;

                    Diogenes