Francesco,

What if Nothing is fundamental? 1 is relative to -1, so they cancel out to zero. Wouldn't that mean zero is the fundament? This might seem a silly question, but consider physics, rather than math. Isn't space the physical equivalent of the mathematical zero?

What is the speed of light relative to, but the vacuum? According to GR, time and distance, the clock and the ruler, dilate equally, so that light is always measured at C, but wouldn't the frame with he least dilated time and distance, the longest ruler and fastest clock, be the closest to the equilibrium of this universal vacuum of space?

As measures of distance and duration can be correlated, time and space are presumably the same relative substance, but we could correlate volume and temperature, using ideal gas laws, why wouldn't they be the same? Time and temperature are both measures of action. One is individual frequency and the other is mass frequency and amplitude.

The problem of time is because our consciousness functions as flashes of cognition, so we think of time as the present "flowing" past to future, which physics codifies as measures of duration, but it is really change turning future to past. As in tomorrow becomes yesterday because the earth turns. Duration is the present, as events form and dissolve.

We are mobile organisms and so we equate events with moving through space. Neither the past or future physically exist, because the energy only exists in the present. It is "conserved." It is our ability to live outside the present, unlike plants and most animals, that gives us the power we have, but like understanding the universe is not geocentric, it does take some objectivity to understand the basis of this effect.

As for the idea the universe is expanding away from some event 13.8 billion years ago, one of the first patches to that idea was when Hubble and the other early theorists discovered that all those distant galaxies are redshifted directly proportional to distance, which made us appear as the center of the universe, so it was argued space itself must be expanding, because Spacetime! So every point must appear as the center. The fallacy is this totally overlooks the original premise of GR, that light is always measured as a Constant in the frame. That both clock and ruler are dilated equally. If it is taking light longer to cross this frame, in order to be redshifted, obviously it is not Constant to it.

So two metrics of space are being derived from the same intergalactic light, so which is the real space?

As for the idea that space is three dimensional and is an effect of geometry, rather than geometry a mapping of space; Nonsense. Three dimensions are the xyz coordinate system and require an 0,0,0 center point, which is a subjective location in space and any number can define the same space. Much as each of us is the center of our own coordinates. Consider how much political conflict is about applying different coordinates to the same space. Are longitude, latitude and altitude foundational to the surface of this planet, or just an effective mapping device?

So I would argue, that for physics, space is the fundament.

Regards,

John B. Merryman

Francesco,

Sorry for delay reverting, I read & made notes on yours & others on a trip and left them there! Now back. Brilliant essay, excellently explained and rigorously argued. We do agree. Good chat on my string but I'd like to raise a matter of logic emergent from my work, including the top scored 2015 essay on red/green socks.

I've proposed that the problematic 'Law of the Excluded Middle' and the binary maths it lead to, are at the root of all problems and paradox! Shocking!? But I do suggest a replacement; Everything, that's EVERYTHING! has a Gaussian/Bayesian distribution! Even Ying and Yang somewhat 'blend in'. The class of valid 100% True/Not true cases is very limited, largely only metaphysical. See also Phillips essay here.

So I proposed the 'Law of the Reducing Middle', which has a non-linear sine curve distribution between maxima 1 and 0, as does QM. Look hard and it's clear that IS nature. Send binary signals down a fibre optic cable - nature will 'round them off' so we need booster stations to 'square' the waves up again.

You're not either stoned or not stoned. You may be stoned a little with a few small ones, or infinitely ANY amount. ANYTHING can happen in the universe with some non-zero degree of probability. NOTHING is 100% certain.

The implications are massive. Godel emerges. Paradox disappears. Maths follows propositional ('modal') logic as the hierarchical rule of brackets in arithmatic.

Even more shocking; Cartesian co-ordinate 'wire frame' become real spaces, which can't overlap, so also then a more logical near infinite hierarchy of 'inertial systems'! (spaces in motion within spaces as described by both Herman M and Albert E).

Do have a think and question it. In the meantime your score down for a boost shortly.

Very best

Peter

    Dear Peter,

    thank you very much for your comment, you raised my interest for sure... Can I find your essay about the 'Law of the Reducing Middle' here in the FQXi forum or elsewhere? I would love top learn more...

    Thank you anyway for your appreciation! I notice a very bad vote on my essay right now, but i suppose it wasn't you.

    All the best!

    Francesco

    Francesco,

    As time grows short, I check those I have commented on to see if I have rated them. I find that I rated yours on 2/10. Hope you can check out mine.

    Regards,

    Jim Hoover

      Dear Francesco,

      thank you for a really nice essay!

      I had a lot of fun reading it; I think it is really well written. Also, I strongly agree with parts of your message: physical "objects" are, in general, only defined relationally. This includes all their properties. I think you explain and argue for this very nicely. I would also agree that even the question of (physical) *existence* of an object expresses a relational statement.

      However, I have an objection, and I would be interested in how you respond to it. Namely, relativity of *properties* (of things, or objects; or even of their existence) seems something very different from relativity of *truth*. For example, the position of Earth is only defined relative to a reference frame; but once we have specified one, we can talk about relational properties like "distance between Earth and Sun" as having objective content, and statements about these properties being objectively true or false. Or do you think we can't?

      And if you think we can't, how do you defend your position (or even just your stable being in the world) against total arbitrariness?

      Here's an example from your text: you write

      "What we judge real [...] is particularly limited in its timescale. Tomorrow the sun will rise, but it was not thus in a remote past, ..."

      When you say this, don't you mean that this statement is an absolute truth? And isn't it interesting that we *do* know this fact, even though we haven't lived in the remote past? I would say it's because of the success of science which is itself because of a stable form of objective truth.

      But I don't want to pontificate ;-) I'd just be really interested in your answer to thoughts like these.

      All best wishes,

      Markus

        Dear James,

        thank you very much, I will find th time to read you before the 26th :)

        bests,

        Francesco

        Dear Markus,

        thank you very much for reading my essay, I'm very glad that you enjoyed it!

        This text is and adapted excerpt from the first part of a longer essay I'm still working on, where I try to manage the consequences of these starting point. To properly answer to your question I should publish here much more from this text, but sadly it's still a draft in Italian. I hope I will have the chance to finish and traslate it, and to share it with the FQXi community as well, if interested. Anyway, I'll try!

        >the relativity of *properties* (of things, or objects; or even of their existence) seems something very different from relativity of *truth*.

        I agree, what you properly point out is the difference between an epistemological and ontological claim. I support the relativity of both, but my short essay could be misleading. In short, the relativity of each truths (the epistemological claim) leads to two alternatives: either we rejects any cognitive possibility and we embrace absolute skepticism (which I reject for reasons that are not specified here), or we extends this relativity from what we know to the very objects of knowledge (the ontological claim).

        > For example, the position of Earth is only defined relative to a reference frame; but once we have specified one, we can talk about relational properties like "distance between Earth and Sun" as having objective content, and statements about these properties being objectively true or false. Or do you think we can't?

        I agree that within this reference frame it is true. But I agree also that within the reference frame of, by instance, "the magic gnome who moves the planets" is true that there's a gnome who keep the Sun far from the Earth... there are true facts within different frames, but every frame is relative as well.

        > When you say this, don't you mean that this statement is an absolute truth? And isn't it interesting that we *do* know this fact, even though we haven't lived in the remote past? I would say it's because of the success of science which is itself because of a stable form of objective truth.

        In my opinion it's not absolute, is true within a human reference frame, like everything we can think/understand/perceive. This keep us close to the paradox about absolute relativism stated in §6. I'm obviously a big supporter of science and its successes within its huge reference frame, but by a philosophical point of view I think we can't define any truths as objective.

        Thank you again!

        Francesco

        Francesco,

        No, wasn't me, you'll be very pleased to hear I haven't applied the rating to yours yet and it'll be a top score. (I hope its the same re mine!). The 'Law of the Reducing Middle' was in my (scored 2nd) 2013 'It from Bit' essay; "The Intelligent Bit". (All these top peer scored finishes but not once in the prizes! Not that that matters except as a litmus test of mainstream thinking).

        http://fqxi.org/community/forum/category/31419?sort=community

        Very best

        Peter

        Dear Peter,

        thank you very much! I will read and comment your essay there, thanks for linking. I really appreciated your essay and rated it high on Jan 25, 2018.

        All the best, I'll read you soon!

        Francesco

        Dear Francesco,

        It's been two weeks since you've left a comment on my essays' thread: how time flies! I had read your essay back then, but in the meantime, I have been caught up in a several last-minute "emergencies" at work, hence the delay in commenting and rating essays.

        I really like your essay, and we do share similar views about many things. I agree with you that the fundamental nature of being in intrinsically relational, and that all physical properties are like velocity, relative to other objects. When I explain this, I often use the same analogy than you, the words of a dictionary that define each other.

        You write that "without relationships at all, we would have nothing", and I agree. In my previous FQXi essays, I have argued for structural realism, the idea that the fundamental nature of the world in an abstract ("mathematical") network of relations, structure itself being more fundamental than the elements that it relates. I know that relations without relata seems paradoxical, but as your essay demonstrates, a little bit of paradox is not necessarily a bad thing... ;)

        I hope your essay goes far in this contest: good luck!

        All the best,

        Marc

          Dear Marc,

          thank you very much for your comment and appreciation! I would love to read your past essay, where can I find it?

          Thank you again!

          Francesco

          4 days later

          Dear Francesca, you are an idealist and I a materialist and I here call upon all researchers to remember the principle of identity of space and matter of Descartes, and to continue his theory everething in the light of modern science. Physicists have denied matter to be a category, i.e. fundamental, when he said that mass is energy. After this, philosophers began to say that matter exists in space and in time. New Cartesian Physics believes that it is wrong. According to the principle of identity of space and matter Descartes, matter creates space and time. Look at my essay, FQXi Fundamental in New Cartesian Physics by Dizhechko Boris Semyonovich Where I showed how radically the physics can change if it follows this principle. Evaluate and leave your comment there. I highly value your essay; however, I'll give you a rating after becoming acquainted with the Descartes' idea. Do not allow New Cartesian Physics go away into nothingness, which can to be the theory of everything OO.

          I wish you success! Sincerely, Boris Dizhechko

          Dear Francesco

          If you are looking for another essay to read and rate in the final days of the contest, will you consider mine please?

          A couple of days in and semblance of my essay taking form, however the house bound inactivity was wearing me. I had just the remedy, so took off for a solo sail across the bay. In the lea of cove, I had underestimated the open water wind strengths. My sail area overpowered. Ordinarily I would have reduced sail, but this day I felt differently. My contemplations were on the forces of nature, and I was ventured seaward increasingly amongst them. As the wind and the waves rose, my boat came under strain, but I was exhilarated. All the while I considered, how might I communicate the role of natural forces in understanding of the world around us. For they are surely it's central theme.

          Beyond my essay's introduction, I place a microscope on the subjects of universal complexity and natural forces. I do so within context that clock operation is driven by Quantum Mechanical forces (atomic and photonic), while clocks also serve measure of General Relativity's effects (spacetime, time dilation). In this respect clocks can be said to possess a split personality, giving them the distinction that they are simultaneously a study in QM, while GR is a study of clocks. The situation stands whereby we have two fundamental theories of the world, but just one world. And we have a singular device which serves study of both those fundamental theories. Two fundamental theories, but one device? Please join me in questioning this circumstance?

          My essay goes on to identify natural forces in their universal roles, how they motivate the building of and maintaining complex universal structures and processes. When we look at how star fusion processes sit within a "narrow range of sensitivity" that stars are neither led to explode nor collapse under gravity. We think how lucky we are that the universe is just so. We can also count our lucky stars that the fusion process that marks the birth of a star, also leads to an eruption of photons from its surface. for if they didn't then nebula gas accumulation wouldn't be halted and the star would again be led to collapse.

          Could a natural organisation principle have been responsible for fine tuning universal systems? Faced with how lucky we appear to have been, shouldn't we consider this possibility?

          For our luck surely didnt run out there, for these photons stream down on earth, liquifying oceans which drive geochemical processes that we "life" are reliant upon. The Earth is made up of elements that possess the chemical potentials that life is entirely dependent upon. Those chemical potentials are not expressed in the absence of water solvency. So again, how amazingly fortunate we are that these chemical potentials exist in the first instance, and additionally within an environment of abundant water solvency such as Earth, able to express these potentials.

          My essay is an attempt at something audacious. It questions the fundamental nature of the interaction between space and matter Guv = Tuv, and hypothesizes the equality between space curvature and atomic forces is due to common process. Space gives up an energy potential in exchange for atomic forces in a conversion process, which drives atomic activity. And furthermore, that Baryons only exist because this energy potential of space exists, and is available for exploitation. Baryon characteristics and behaviours, complexity of structure and process might then be explained in terms of being evolved and optimised for this purpose and existence. Removing need for so many layers of extraordinary luck to eventuate our own existence. It attempts an interpretation of the above mentioned stellar processes within these terms, but also extends much further. It shines a light on molecular structure that binds matter together, as potentially being an evolved agency that enhances rigidity and therefor persistence of universal system. We then turn a questioning mind towards Earths unlikely geochemical processes, (for which we living things owe so much) and look at its central theme and propensity for molecular rock forming processes. The existence of chemical potentials and their diverse range of molecular bond forming activities? The abundance of water solvent on Earth, for which many geochemical rock forming processes could not be expressed without? The question of a watery Earth? is then implicated as being part of an evolved system that arose for purpose and reason, alongside the same reason and purpose that molecular bonds and chemical process arose.

          By identifying process whereby atomic forces draw a potential from space, we have identified means for their perpetual action, and their ability to deliver perpetual work. Forces drive clocks and clock activity is shown by GR to dilate. My essay details the principle of force dilation and applies it to a universal mystery. My essay raises the possibility, that nature in possession of a natural energy potential, will spontaneously generate a circumstance of Darwinian emergence. It did so on Earth, and perhaps it did so within a wider scope. We learnt how biology generates intricate structure and complexity, and now we learn how it might apply for intricate structure and complexity within universal physical systems.

          To steal a phrase from my essay "A world product of evolved optimization".

          Best of luck for the conclusion of the contest

          Kind regards

          Steven Andresen

          Darwinian Universal Fundamental Origin

          Francesca,

          Thanks Just to confirm I'm now rating yours, (for the boost as promised).

          Peter

          It's a pity to notice all these "1" rankings the last days :(

          Thank you anyway for reading!

          Francesco,

          I agree. It's very poor behaviour. Thanks for your post, Nice essay. No time to chat. Rather more than 1 going on now!

          Rich

            Dear Richard,

            thank you very much - but then I got another "1" :D It's quite grotesque :)