Very intriguing essay! The central idea, (which I understood to be) that one might be able to get around Bell's theorem by having aspects of the underlying deterministic theory be uncomputable in a certain precise sense, is very clever. It's much better than a philosophical monstrosity like superdeterminism, too...Still, I admit I did not fully understand all of the technical details. Maybe I will reread it again.
Here's a philosophical question, though. There's how the universe 'really is', and there's the collection of things we can ever know about it; these sets are almost certainly not equivalent. If there is some sort of deterministic theory that underlies quantum mechanics, but it has the property that it 'looks' probabilistic to us because of uncomputability etc, why should we prefer the deterministic theory? I guess it's possible that ideas like this could help with unification, but it seems to me necessary that the proposed unification would suggest some experiment that would distinguish between the different possibilities in order for that unification to be useful.
More generally, how can we ever know the 'true' behavior of quantum mechanics, given all these clever alternatives?