Dear Professor Gilbert Leon Joseph Beaudry,

Thank you for reading my essay and for well thought comments.

I was working on this Dynamic Universe Model for the last forty years under the guidance given by Maa VAK. Almost all papers are important, all results are important, many predictions came true. I dont know which result to elaborate, For example...

-Explains Formation of Astronomical Jets and their high Velocities at Galaxy centers..... The particles traveling parallel to plane of Galaxy suddenly they turn perpendicular at Galaxy center !

-Predicts Frequency shift in electro-magnetic radiation near huge gravitating masses .... this is in addition to bending of light as predicted by Einstein !!

-Galaxy Disk formation: Densemass Equations ..... There is no requirement of Blackholes!!

-Explains gravity disturbances like Pioneer anomaly,.... Until now we considered a single body (eg. Earth) gravitation on another (apple) only.This SITA approach solves the Gravitational catapult !

-Non-collapsing large scale mass structures .... They dont fall a single lump mass dueto gravitation !

-Offers Singularity free solutions ...... No Bigbang, No blackholes !!

-Solving Missing mass in Galaxies, and finds reason for Galaxy circular velocity curves.... ... NO MISSING MASS if you calculate using SITA approach !

-Blue shifted and red shifted Galaxies co-existence, in an Accelerating Expanding Universe...... 30% are blue shifted Galaxies !

-Explains the large voids and non-uniform matter densities.... UNIFORM density is not observed

-Withstands 105 times the Normal Jeans swindle test.... other N-body problems fail at at 1% of any position disturbance

-Explains VLBI variations.... Other wise very difficult

- Explains energy to mass conversion....... Energy --->Frequency upshifting --> mass

-Explains Cosmic-rays formation with the same SITA approach, origins of Cosmic Rays expalined

- Proposed an UNIVERSE model with full cycle of Energy (from Sun)--- to Mass( neutrinos to Hydrogen- to formation of various elements) ---- to formation of Stars and Sun ---- to Energy again---- NO BIGBANG --- No Blackholes etc...

I can not just explain 40 years of research done in just 9 page essay, I just gave main points.... I am sorry ....

I just rated your essay now much better than above average, now your is rating is 5.3. Best wishes to your essay

Please contact me " snp.gupta@gmail.com "

Warm regards

=snp

Dear SNP Gupta,

"Let all men meet and think as with one mind. lET ALL HEARTS UNITE IN LOVE.Let the God be common.May all live in happiness with a common purpose."

I have considered your qualities of theory:

A. Undesirable qualities of any theory

v Dogmatisms, Superstitions must be avoided

v Theory must be developed without any type of fear

v Theory has not been bounded up by narrow academic walls

v Don't force or manipulate results

v Don't make the mathematics too complex with thousands of multiple possible solutions

X Avoid imaginary numbers and imaginary dimensions / axes.... and so, avoid unimaginable results.

B. Desirable, important and required qualities of new theory

v Human accrued knowledge should be free to all

v Concept should come out from the depth of truth

v Authors / Scientists thinking should go towards Perfection

v Logic should be simple

v Theory's predictions should be verifiable experimentally, by anyone and anywhere with the same conditions

v Computations / computer programs should be simple

v Ontological realism of senses produced information

v New theory should lead us forward into ever-widening thought and action experiments

v Let the new theory lead us into that heaven of freedom of thinking

where v=tick (agree) and X= cross(disagree)

So you see I must explain my point of disagreement. Imaginery numbers (or as I know them as complex numbers are an important tool in mathemathics and physics, as they allow us to track some dependent variables such as phase in a simple way. They can be extended to quaternions, octonions, etc where multiple variables are tracked. Maxwell formed his theory of electromagnetism using about 20 quaternion eequations, which were later simplified by Heaviside to the four equations we use today. Quaternions which are non commutative are especially good for rotations in 3D space, something that is important in particle physics. Although Einstein used tensors, quaternions are making a comeback as they can be programmed on computers, and are used a lot in computer graphics.

May the hidden Vak be revealed.

Regards

Lockie Cresswell

    Dear Professor Yutaka Shikano

    Thank you for reading my essay and for well thought comments.

    I will supplement any doubts / questions, no problems...

    I was working on this Dynamic Universe Model for the last forty years under the guidance given by Maa VAK (She is Hindu Goddess Saraswathi for wisdom and education). Almost all papers are important, all results are important, many predictions came true. I dont know which result to elaborate, For example...

    -Explains Formation of Astronomical Jets and their high Velocities at Galaxy centers..... The particles traveling parallel to plane of Galaxy suddenly they turn perpendicular at Galaxy center !

    -Predicts Frequency shift in electro-magnetic radiation near huge gravitating masses .... this is in addition to bending of light as predicted by Einstein !!

    -Galaxy Disk formation: Densemass Equations ..... There is no requirement of Blackholes!!

    -Explains gravity disturbances like Pioneer anomaly,.... Until now we considered a single body (eg. Earth) gravitation on another (apple) only.This SITA approach solves the Gravitational catapult !

    -Non-collapsing large scale mass structures .... They dont fall a single lump mass dueto gravitation !

    -Offers Singularity free solutions ...... No Bigbang, No blackholes !!

    -Solving Missing mass in Galaxies, and finds reason for Galaxy circular velocity curves.... ... NO MISSING MASS if you calculate using SITA approach !

    -Blue shifted and red shifted Galaxies co-existence, in an Accelerating Expanding Universe...... 30% are blue shifted Galaxies !

    -Explains the large voids and non-uniform matter densities.... UNIFORM density is not observed

    -Withstands 105 times the Normal Jeans swindle test.... other N-body problems fail at at 1% of any position disturbance

    -Explains VLBI variations.... Other wise very difficult

    - Explains energy to mass conversion....... Energy --->Frequency upshifting --> mass

    -Explains Cosmic-rays formation with the same SITA approach, origins of Cosmic Rays expalined

    - Proposed an UNIVERSE model with full cycle of Energy (from Sun)--- to Mass( neutrinos to Hydrogen- to formation of various elements) ---- to formation of Stars and Sun ---- to Energy again---- NO BIGBANG --- No Blackholes etc...

    I can not just explain 40 years of research done in just 9 page essay, I just gave main points.... I am sorry ....

    I just rated your essay now much better than above average, now your is rating is 5.3. Best wishes to your essay

    Please contact me " snp.gupta@gmail.com "

    Warm regards

    =snp

    Dear Dr Lachlan Cresswell....

    Thank you for reading my essay very critically, thank you for accepting my essay to 99%, for me it was a difficult task wonderfully achieved!!!

    Now lets come to the point you did not agree.... lets have live discussion....

    These Imaginery numbers or complex numbers; quaternions, octonions, etc used for multiple variables are tracked.............. Quaternions which are non commutative are especially good for rotations in 3D space, something that is important in particle physics. Although Einstein used tensors, quaternions are making a comeback as they can be programmed on computers, and are used a lot in computer graphics........

    I also accept no problems...... ......

    But assume a situation where a third order or any higher order differential equation is used in one or more dimensions while formation, can you get a real solution???

    Also assume a situation where some value represented in an imaginary axis perpendicular to time axis, what will be the physical meaning of that point?

    Assuming mathematics and giving solutions is ok, what will be the physical meaning ...

    40 years I was working on Dynamic Universe model and used tensors with simple equations but not differential equations. Otherwise the real solutions we will get will have singularities.

    May the hidden Vak be revealed..........!!!!

    Best Regards

    =snp

      Dear Dr

      I suddenly remembered OLD 'Two of Us'... Boney M. song

      Two of us riding nowhere

      Spending someones

      Hard earned pay

      You and me Sunday driving

      Not arriving on our way back home

      We're on our way home

      We're on our way home

      We're going home ....................

      Are we really going home?

      Best

      =snp

      5 days later

      (This is the same post to my answer for your comment of my essay.)

      Dear Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta,

      Thank you so much for sharing your experience and voting my essay as well. Let me give my opinion on this essay contest. In this essay contest, the goals are

      -- Encourage and support rigorous, innovative, and influential thinking about foundational questions in physics and cosmology;

      -- Identify and reward top thinkers in foundational questions; and,

      -- Provide an arena for discussion and exchange of ideas regarding foundational questions.

      I think that our essays and comments are pursued to these goals.

      Best wishes,

      Yutaka

      Dear Professor Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta,

      I have read through your essay; and I found your view of extreme empiricism interesting.

      Most curious is your stance that every piece of mathematics must correspond to tangible entities; yet in using mathematics that is not tangible modern science has made numerous accurate and precise predictions.

      Imaginary numbers are ubiquitous in physics. In classical physics, they natural crop up in many scenarios. Indeed, electrical engineers use their own notation , "j", to denote the imaginary number so as not to confuse it with "i", which they use to represent current.

      And, in quantum mechanics imaginary numbers are essential, and quantum mechanics has passed many rigorous empirical tests! So I was wondering, how would your world view address the usefulness of abstract mathematics yielding accurate and precise predictions, since ( if I understood correctly) you champion that mathematics in physics must always be tangible?

      Best Wishes,

      Raiyan Reza

      (PS: Thanks for your kind feedback on my essay, and I left an evaluation of yours too!)

        Dear SNP Gupta,

        "Apure [A pure] Mathematical theory may not have any physical basis and out-comes also may not have any physical significances."

        Yes, I agree that physics has been subordinated to mathematics in several areas.

        Your list of undesirable qualities of theories are well-stated. But I'm not sure how your "Dynamic Universe Model" would actually work, and of course a full presentation is beyond the scope of this contest. Do you accept Special Relativity? It explains the behavior of light in a way that previous theories could not. And General Relativity solves several problems that the Newtonian theory cannot.

          Dear Syed Raiyan Nuri Reza,

          Thank you for your reply and reading my essay. You are correct about electrical engineering.

          your words..."And, in quantum mechanics imaginary numbers are essential, and quantum mechanics has passed many rigorous empirical tests! So I was wondering, how would your world view address the usefulness of abstract mathematics yielding accurate and precise predictions, since ( if I understood correctly) you champion that mathematics in physics must always be tangible?"

          I mainly worked in Cosmology, Quantum mechanics i did not enter yet. In cosmology perspective I dont know how will you represent an "i"axis perpendicular to time axis? Such representations are confusing...

          In Cosmology such concepts create nonphysical representations.........

          I hope you dont use such representations in Quantum Mechanics....

          But can you please tell me what are the benifits of using 'i' and what were the predictions that came true?

          Best Regards

          =snp

          Dear Prof James Robert Arnold,

          Yes Physics represents Physical properties of Nature. Where as we use mathematics to describe Physics for our understanding of Physical world. We use a theory or Model to represent Nature. But what ever the problems of Model inherrent to its mathematics as a rule will not be there in Physics.

          What type of proof you want for the Dynamic Universe Model to satisfy you? You can discus any doubt you got. By the way I will suggest to have a look at my Blog, I think almost all your problems were discussed there....

          " https://vaksdynamicuniversemodel.blogspot.com/ "

          I dont deny special theory of relativity, But Regarding General Theory of Relativity I also want to know your perspective....

          Best

          =snp

          Dear Professor Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta,

          Thank you for your response!

          The famed Schrodinger's equation, features imaginary numbers, and the equation has made correct predictions about the behavior of electrons in atoms and is the basis for other more refined quantum models of nature. The more accurate Dirac equation too features imaginary number in its formulation.

          Even in the field of cosmology, imaginary numbers to the best of my knowledge plays a role. If we are using Newtonian model of gravity ( which is a good approximation) imaginary numbers will crop up in differential equations.

          Again, I am just lay person here and merely citing what I know from my general knowledge of physics.

          Wish you all the best for the contest and thank you actively engaging with me and other contestants here!

          Kind Regards,

          Raiyan Reza

          Dear Syed Raiyan Nuri Reza

          I am not a professor, Dr or any thing like that,Because I talk aginst the Bigbang and blackholes etc , as they are logical, Mainstream Physics people dont bother about me. So No PhD seat even......

          Blackholes etc are having infinities built into them. In a finite Universe, how infinities are possible??

          You are a student, at this age you should think analytically find what is truth what has experimental evidence what is manipulated, what is correct and fight for truth.....

          Using imaginary number 'i' gave lot of non-imaginable results in Cosmology which can not be real visualized. Nobody knows how to imagin those results...

          Best wishes to your essay

          =snp

          Dear Professor Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta,

          I will continue to address you as Professor as acknowledgment of your status as a researcher.

          That said, I will keep your advise in mind. Lastly, I had rated you well(would shift your score higher) at the time of my original comment. Though, I do not recall which one of the ratings was mine according to numeric order.

          All the best!

          Kind Regards,

          Raiyan Reza

          This is Terry's post on regarding my essay, So I am posting from there......

          ............................

          Author Terry Bollinger replied on May. 13, 2020 @ 15:24 GMT

          Dear snp,

          Since you are OK with me assessing your essay purely in terms of its scientific and theoretical content, I'll go ahead and make some comments on that part of it. Since I have been an editor for a technical magazine, I have ethical considerations about how folks should do FQXi mutual reviews. Here are some guidelines I posted three years ago for FQXi reviews.

          (1) Overall, I liked the various assertion you made about the scientific method in the first and larger part of your essay, though I was a bit baffled about why you do not like imaginary and complex numbers. Complex numbers are both very self-consistent and extraordinarily useful for applications such as expressing 2-dimensional angles and vectors.

          (2) Your second shorter section was on your Dynamic Universe Model that uses "21000 linear [tensor] equations ... in an Excel sheet". Computer modeling is of course a great way to explore phenomena that change too slowly for direct observation, and spreadsheets provide a more powerful programming language than I think a lot of folks realize. So there's nothing wrong with using such a model per se.

          However, you also mentions features of your model such as "Independent x,y,z coordinate axes and Time axis [exhibit] no interdependencies between axes". That is a problem, because it contradicts the extraordinary amount of not just evidence but application of special relativity, including for example in GPS systems. A computer model can only be predictive of the real universe if the initial assumptions built into it have been verified experimentally. Otherwise, you just has a model that may give interesting results, but those results will have no correlation to or predictive power about the real universe. Not having special relativity for example immediately isolates the model from making predictions that have much to do with the real universe.

          So, if I rated your essay, following my own ethical guidelines of not caring one whit whether or how you might rate mine -- the incentive to care is a very unfortunate feature of the FQXi community review model -- I would give you a 3. The credits would be for the good assertions about science, the debits for giving a model that I'm sure has lots of good work in it, but which does not adequately attempt to model actual, well-validated outcomes of real experiments. Making strong assertions about the real universe based on the computational results of such a model is a big debit.

          At the same time I would rate your efforts much higher than almost half a century of extremely costly work on superstring theory, which was quite recently (March 2020) experimentally shown to be flatly incorrect by a HAWC Consortium paper on high energy gamma implications. You, at least, have a working model of the universe! They have nothing executable after that half century and likely hundreds of millions of dollars total of direct and indirect costs, not to mention innumerable research careers wasted on papers that discuss experimentally disproven formalisms that cannot be run on a computer and cannot predict anything about the actual universe.

          I will not actually enter the 3, in part because I don't think it's fair to downgrade your significant efforts at creating a very real, predictive computer model, even if flawed, when so much money and time has been wasted for decades on the supposedly more "mainline physics" discipline of superstrings. At least you took the time and effort to create a real model capable of making real predictions! That never happened with superstrings, which from the start chose to explore only topic they (incorrectly, as it turns out) would be safe because they could never be disproven.

          -----

          You are free to grade me as you see fit, although I would again encourage you first to read my guidelines on FQXi review ethics. Don't hesitate to give a low grade if you truly feel that is what I deserve! I would much, much prefer to get an honest low grade than any kind of grade the felt like a "favor".

          The other factor you might want to consider regarding FQXi mutual ratings is that, at least three years ago, they seemed to matter very little in terms of actual selection of winners.

          I recall that I was quite disappointed when the essays that I and many others thought were the most innovative, insightful, well-written, and science-focused -- essays that scored well in reviews like this (I was not in this group) -- nonetheless ended up getting at best a few lower-level awards.

          Meanwhile, authors who other essayists had not noticed much during the internal reviews somehow ended up not just winning the big prizes, but getting heaps of praise for their dedicated repetition of themes that were far more traditional and predictable, and whom in at least some cases had been previously supported by the same groups that fund FQXi. An unfortunate appearance of conflict, that, although it was surely unintentional.

          Cheers,

          Terry

            This was my reply for him for the above post, I will give a technical reply separately below.....

            ............................................

            Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta replied on May. 13, 2020 @ 22:18 GMT

            Dear Terry,

            I never expected that you will reply because our differences. My work is a pure scientific work, not a devotional work as you correctly stated. I read your wonderful guidelines you posted in FQXi three years back, I am just following them.

            Thank you very much for your very long observation and well study on my essay. Since this is related my essay, I will post it there. Further reply to many technical points I will reply there. So that others will also read.

            That study is enough for me, I will give you 10, the best.After all you yours is a wonderful essay from your experience!!!

            After 40 years of long work without ANY recognition, now I lost interest what some one gives 3 or 1. For me no problems........

            I hope some one will recognize my good work after my death. If nobody does recognize also no problems, I will never be knowing it, is it not??? :)

            Best Regards

            =snp

            Dear Terry,

            Thank you very much for your long reply as mentioned above.

            ................ Your words................Since you are OK with me assessing your essay purely in terms of its scientific and theoretical content, I'll go ahead and make some comments on that part of it................. Your words................ My essay is only scientific essay

            ................ Your words................ Since I have been an editor for a technical magazine, I have ethical considerations about how folks should do FQXi mutual reviews. Here are some guidelines I posted three years ago for FQXi reviews........................ Excellent Guidelines I am following them.............

            ................ Your words................

            (1) Overall, I liked the various assertion you made about the scientific method in the first and larger part of your essay, though I was a bit baffled about why you do not like imaginary and complex numbers. Complex numbers are both very self-consistent and extraordinarily useful for applications such as expressing 2-dimensional angles and vectors.................. Complex numbers gave intangible and unimaginable results, you dont know how to interpret the Results...........

            ................ Your words................

            (2) Your second shorter section was on your Dynamic Universe Model that uses "21000 linear [tensor] equations ... in an Excel sheet". Computer modeling is of course a great way to explore phenomena that change too slowly for direct observation, and spreadsheets provide a more powerful programming language than I think a lot of folks realize. So there's nothing wrong with using such a model per se..................... Thank you, you are correct spread sheets now a days give the power of LARGE DATA MINING capabilities to small PC , I started with LOTUS123 spreadsheets in a two floppy PC , 40 years back, same program continued this many years , gave so many wonderful results............

            I will continue in next post

            Best Regards

            =snp