Dear Hippolyte,
1) Pigs can fly.
2) This statement is false.
Both of the above statements have something wrong with them. For statement 1, one would need knowledge of pigs to know that the statement is false. For statement 2, there is no need for external information; the knowledge of logic is all that is needed. If one did not know "logic" then how could the flaw with statement 2 and logic itself be explained? One would need to step outside of logic to explain the nature of logic. Languages as we know them (yes, even the communicates of animals) have logic, so we might not know a way to communicate with a being that did not possess logic. "Logic" seems to be hard-wired by evolution into our language center well before we became human because in evolution nothing so useful and complete language just appears.
Time is the problem with Quantum Theory. We live in the structure of time, so thinking outside of that structure is difficult. What if time was a function of entropy? The problem with entropy is that it is a collective state. A lone electron does not have a temperature or entropy state. We need an ensemble of atoms to define a state of entropy, which would define the "state" of time. Time ends up being the non-local of space-time. Going forward and back in time is possible and common at the quantum scale (I like to say "undefined" in space-time), but going "back" in macroscopic entropy is not possible. A positron could be considered an electron going backwards in time. A human-size time machine has entropy and must interact with the rest of the Universe to lower its entropy. Thermal dynamics is not reversible, while Quantum mechanics is fully reversible. An electron could kill its grandfather in childhood, but your grandfather is safe from that fate.
Sincerely,
Jeff Schmitz