I must first point out a minor but not insignificant error. The complexity class P does, indeed, mean Polynomial-time, however, the complexity class NP means Non-deterministic Polynomial-time. It does not mean Non-polynomial time because, if it did, then that would mean that P does not equal NP, but this is an open question.
I think a simple joke expresses why the stock will never be predictable, but also not unpredictable either and also why I think the ("scientific") concept of predictability is intrinsically flawed. Two hunters are in the woods when they suddenly encounter a bear. The bear then proceeds to charge them and the hunters turn and frantically run away. While running away one of the hunters says to the other hunter, "Why are we running? There is no way we can outrun the bear!" To which the other hunter responds, "I don't need to outrun the bear. I only need to outrun you."
The stock market simply does not have an "intrinsic value." This concept is a myth. Simply look at the Black-Scholes option pricing model or the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method of evaluting equity securities. The most pertinent aspect of both of these pricing mechanisms is the assumptions that must be made. With Black-Scholes it is the risk-free rate. With DCF it is the terminal value. Even the slightest adjustment to these number can produce wide fluctuations in the present value. These methods were chosen as simply a representative sampling. The fundamental point is that is that it ultimately comes down the the judgment of the analyst who is trying to be "more right" than any of the other analysts. (Note: these comments do not apply to simple arbitrage, which is (successfully) more formulaic.)
A great example of this is the Asian financial crisis and the "collapse" of LTCM (Long Term Capital Managment) in the late 1990's. Once the unpredictable is made predictable then the unexpected happens, which is predictably the "one factor" that was not considered.
Time for a riddle. Whenever you lose something, such as your keys or the TV remote, why is it always (infuriatingly) "in the last place you look?" Because once you find it you stop looking.
These are not merely antidotes. A Nobel prize was recently won with the ideas being presented here. I am referring to Richard H. Thaler and the invention of Behavioral Finance, which he discusses in his book Misbehaving. (He talks about the broader idea of Behavioral Economics, but I think his real insight is contained in the more limited idea of Behavioral Finance. I think his ideas about Behavioral Economics takes the insight too far.)
So, what does all this have to do with your essay? It appears you used the abstract as a metaphor for the subjective factor and the physical as a metaphor for the objective factor. But I am not sure the human factor can be considered abstractly, which thus changes the objective. But maybe I misunderstood your premise? It was an interesting thesis nonetheless, which obviously spurred many thoughts.