We may understand quantum probability if we assume or accept a variable internal time rate. A cloud of probability of position of a particle is the best example.

The probability of finding a particle in a certain position is ontologically proportional to the average and relative time actually spent by this particle in that position with respect to any other positions it is free to occupy, the total being equal to unity; it is somewhere in there.

A particle spending 80% of its time in C and 20% of its time in D, assuming we use a same external time rate in C and D, can be said to have an existence that is 80% in C and 20% in D. (the % difference in transit time). So, the existence of a particle is spread around within its range of freedom.

Its existence in one place depends on the time spent on average in this place. But why does it spend more time on average in this place?

Physics symmetry is never as beautiful as when one glances into its mirror for a corollary. The particle spends 80% of its existence in C and 20% of its existence in D because the time runs 80% relatively slower in C with respect to D. This variable internal time rate is what determines (causality) where the particle will slow down and stay longer. To the relative internal time rate distribution corresponds the distribution of the relative existence of the particle within its range of freedom.

The observer uses the same clock to observe the particle in C and D. But the time rate is different in C and D. In quantum mechanics, we traded the unobservable internal variable time rate (a.k.a. the hidden variable) for the observable probability of finding the particle, its ontological equivalent.

The Wave Function is just that; a description of the distribution of highs and lows in the internal time rate that determine the highs and lows in the distributed existence of a particle.

By understanding the presence and role of the variable internal time rate we gain causality and unity. It is so simple and certainly crazy enough.

Marcel,

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  • Post #62

Though it may seem strange, one may wonder what will happen in a measurement of the quantum phenomenon that one makes as one g shortens the detector/senser response time as short as feasable and also simultaneously try the excitor laser or ion beams having shorted and shorter time bursts, at appropriate energy levels. One may work out such possibilities to come close to the quantum uncertainties. Electronically it is possible now to go to femtosec or lower, and reduce the response time to far lower than the normal value artificially at the sacrifice of signal size. Intense beams will permit such artificial way of lowering response/sensing times.

i am myself not sure if i am talking sense, as numbers need to be worked out along with the technical possibilities.

Dear Marcel,

Thank you for your remarks. Can one convert your ideas into a mathematical theory, especially a quantitative theory of measurement? I would be curious to know.

Tejinder

Dear Narendra,

Indeed along with a student of mine I am constructing a thought experiment for what we call a partial measurement [remove the detector before the wave function has completely collapsed to one eigenstate]. The collapse time-scale is possibly around 10^{-18} seconds (as discussed in one of my papers I refer in the essay). This partially measured state will look very different from linear quantum mechanics, if the nonlinear theory is correct. If one `feeds' the partially measured state into a second measured apparatus, the difference from the prediction of standard quantum mechanics will show up in the outcome.

It will be a major challenge to convert such a thought experiment into a real laboratory experiment. First and foremost, decoherence effects will have to be eliminated.

Tejinder

My dear Tejinder,

I think you got the situation upside down. Allow me to explain. Lets say we already knew about the internal variable time rate and also knew about the impossibility to measure such small variations, we would then devise a clever way to expose it. We would measure the probability of finding the particle in a specific place and write down the equation to describe the distribution of this probability. This is exactly what we have done!

My exposé simply tells you what it is that you are really doing, WHY it is that you are doing it and WHAT it is that you have uncovered about the underlying reality in doing so; the variable time rate.

So you see, the descriptive equations are already out there. We just don't know what they mean and somehow don't care. Pitty! The descriptive equation is but the beginning of the process of learning about the universe.

Marcel,

12 days later

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  • Post #66

Tejinder,

i think nanoparticle gold xtal can serve as an ideal target to look for Compton scattering of high energy gamma ray beams and the Compton scattered electron will then show the variation in Planck's constant value, as different nanostructured gold samples are put as scatterers. we need to work out the appropriate energy gamma rays that can be obtained form the Brehmmstrahlung radiation using a high energy electron accelerator.

May be you react to this suggestion and we can then work out the appropriate parameters for proposing the experimental plan. It will be a different way from what Vienna group is planning to do!

Thanks Narendra, for your suggestion. I will need some time to think it over.

Tejinder

7 days later

Dear Narendra,

There is perhaps a more promising experimental test of the nonlinearity. The experiment being planned by the group of Aspelmeyer at Vienna (jointly with Kieth Schwab of Cornell) will attempt to create a superposed quantum state of micromirrors having a billion atoms [as described in the articlees Quantum Upsizing and `A cat with two tails' on FQXi's page].

If the nonlinearity idea is correct, this superposition will not last forever. It will have a finite lifetime, which decreases with the increasing number of atoms in the micro mirror. According to the calculations based on my paper

http://arxiv.org/abs/0711.3773

the superposition will last for about ten days (!) for a micro-mirror with a billion atoms, and then break down. If the number of atoms in the mirror is increased a thousand fold, the lifetime comes down to about thousand seconds.

This ties up nicely with the measurement problem. During a quantum measurement, the quantum system suddenly goes from being microscopic, to macroscopic [after interacting with the apparatus], so that the superposition lifetime comes down drastically. This is what is perceived as collapse of the wavefunction.

Tejinder

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  • Post #69

Thanks for the explanantion. May i request you to enlighten with the proposal that i ahppen to make off the cuff for your consideration , at your convenience. Being out of commission from available infrastructure , i can only help provide suggestions. The youngers can only conduct such an experimnent.

Hi Tejinder. Kindly reply to the following please.

According to Jonathan Dickau, my idea of "how space manifests as electromagnetic/gravitational energy" is "right on" as a central and valuable idea/concept in physics.

Since dreams make thought more like sensory experience (including gravity and electromagnetism/light) in general, the idea of "how space manifests as electromagnetic/gravitational energy" is not only demonstrated in dreams (as I have shown), but this idea is then ALSO understood to be NECESSARILY central to an improved understanding of physics/experience IN GENERAL.

The core theoretical/actual application and manifestation of the wave/particle duality is evident when thought is more like sensory experience in general. Wave/particle duality occurs in dreams. Dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general.

The theoretical/actual basis of the known mathematical union of Maxwell and Einstein's theories (with the addition of a fourth spatial dimension to Einstein's theory) IS dream experience.

Since dreams involve a fundamental integration AND spreading of being, thought, and experience at the [gravitational] MID-RANGE of feeling BETWEEN thought AND sense, dreams make thought more like sensory experience (including gravity and electromagnetism/light) in general. Indeed, how space manifests as gravitational/electromagnetic energy is a central and very valuable concept in relation to physics (and experience) in general. Dream experience offers an expanded (yet relatively unified) perspective in relation to experience (and physics) in general.

The significance of the following, in relation to the above, to physics, experience, being, thought, and to a better understanding of genius as well is not to be underestimated:

The ability of thought to describe OR reconfigure sense is ultimately dependent upon the extent to which thought is similar to sensory experience.

The integrated extensiveness of thought/thinking is improved in the truly superior mind (and in the highest/ideal form of genius).

Dear Frank,

Thank you for your enquiry. My honest admission is that I find myself thoroughly incompetent to address this line of thinking. You have thought much more along these lines than I have, so I could hardly add anything useful. But I would like to try to put what you say, in the context of my way of looking at things.

I believe that classical mechanics correctly describes the physics of large objects, and quantum mechanics correctly describes the physics of small objects. But we do not fully understand the relation between the two. Electromagnetism and gravity are correct theories on large scales, if we assume spacetime and matter as given. But we do not understand the relation between spacetime and matter.

I believe these issues have to be understood before physics can be applied to understand animate processes such as consciousness, thought, and dreams. I feel this is right now an extremely difficult problem - you put together a lot and lot of carbon atoms in a certain way, and it becomes a living thing. How does one explain that from the underlying laws of physics and chemistry that individual carbon atoms obey? In the physicists's traditional language of motion, position and momenta, and electromagnetic fields, what is the mathematical definition of a thought or a dream? I don't know of course. Physics I feel has a long way to go before it can answer such things. But I would like to come along this conservative path. In my mind I find it extremely difficult right now to be able to talk of thought/dreams and spacetime/gravity/electromagnetism/wave-particle duality at the same time. I

could be wrong, and old-fashioned perhaps!

Tejinder

2 months later

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  • Post #72

Congratulations dear Tejinder,

I am happy for you .

All the best

Steve

2 months later

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  • Post #73

excuse my ignorance, is this model, a hidden variables model ?

8 months later

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  • Post #74

The requisite photon energy is about 10^{19} GeV. Our best bet on the astronomical front might be the highest energy cosmic rays. I am no expert in that subject. From what I know, cosmic ray data in this energy range is sparse but there yet might be some interesting new physics happening there.

Tejinder

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incredible !

you dont know........

http://people.roma2.infn.it/~glast/A191.Fermi.nature.GRB.pdf

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v462/n7271/full/nature08574.html

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