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Tejinder,

Here is a mechanical idea for checking the "quantumness" of particles. I am going to do this with just words, so I wish myself luck.

1. Fire a single file stream of uniformly spaced particles at a detector screen. A single dot will appear on the screen.

2. Fire an identical stream of particles at the screen and have it cross the first stream at a slight angle. This stream by itself would also produce a dot in a different position than the first stream. (It would be neat if the first stream could double back on itself so that a second stream would not be necessary.)

3. Operate both streams simultaneously. At the place that they cross there will be the expected collisions which will produce a smooth distribution of particles at the screen. If the particles are QM in nature there will be a slight difference in the pattern due to interference.

4. I think of one stream as creating a "grid". The second stream interacts with this grid. If a ratio of the "interference pattern" to the "classical pattern" can be made it would give a measure of just how good a QM particle we have.

And as usual the devil is in the details.

Best of luck,

Don L

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Tejinder,

i saw your comment on my essay site and have visited the site recommended. i enjoyed seeing the details of the proposed experiments. i have put my own comments on that very FQXI sepeeatw site. You may visit it again and let me know your response to my comments.

meanwhile i am immensely happy with the increasing appreciation your essay is receiving on this forum. The very best to your excellent effort, i hope others at TIFR appreciate too. Interest in this website is still lacking here and it saddens me.

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Hello Mr Tejinder Singh,

Nice to know you .

I congratulate you for your beautiful essay .I liked a lot the last pages .Very relevant about the scales and the gravity.

You say

"At the Planck scale, this will be a

nonlinear quantum theory. At lower energy scales, the quantum theory becomes linear, and gravity

becomes classical. This is consistent with the picture we have developed in this essay."

It's far of us but indeed probably that this place ,this wall is out our physicality .But I doubt it's possible to understand this limit .In all case it's the maxuimum energy there thus impossible to check it .It's not necessary .On the other side ,the differents steps ,like you say ,between the interactions thus the fields ,energies and complexification of evolution are in the linearity of the gravity .It's interesting to link this mass .

The mass is the result of specific motion ,the rotations of particles ,spheres for me .

Between all the steps of interactions ,the spheres are there with their rotations .In the micro ,the meso or the macro and all between them .The rotating spheres are interesting in an universal point of vue I think .All can be classed with the evolution inside a thermodynamical sphere .

A pleasure to read your essay ,I wish you good luck .

Regards

Steve

Dear Narendra and Steve,

Thank you for your kind remarks.

Steve, if I get you right, then we are in agreement that there is interesting new physics at the Planck *mass* scale. I would just like to add that this is in principle testable by experiment, and likely feasible with the technology of the near future. For instance, the experiments being planned by the Vienna group are very noteworthy in this regard.

Tejinder

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Hi Dear Tejinder ,

You are welcome.

It seems what the center of Vienne works hard and pragmatically ,it's the most important .

The Bose Einstein condensate seems interesting too to encircle our wall and the architecture before and its steps of gravity and energy .

The system has a specific frequence and specific number in my opinion .It's better to analyze step by step thus with rationality .

I wish you all the best in your works and researchs ,of course all is mesurable and testable with the good serie .

Best Regards

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Normally ,the fact to decrease the temperature thus must imply a different velocities and lattices of the rotating spheres .

The bosons thus change their rotations.

At the absolute zero I am persuaded what all is in the same quantum architecture .There I imagine the complete entanglement of specific spheres .I beleive that It exists a specif fractal of spheres, begining with tha main central sphere like the center of our Universe .The superfluidity is universal at this temperature of zero probably.Normally their structure at this temperature is the perfect entanglement like our future universal sphere and its PV .Thus we can take our quantum spheres like a code of becoming for the macrocospic sphere and its cosmological spheres .

Now of course the decimals become very complex near the zero absolute .The step of condensates thus are specifics and the nature of bosons must be analyzed.It's really always a question of relativity and walls .We can extrapolate but we rest with our limits .But we evolve fortunally ,thus we shall understand step by step this quantum and cosmological architecture of spheres .

The number of superimposing is incredible in these decimals .

Probably that The thermodynamic implies effects on the rotating spheres ,changing their properties at different step.In all case it's fascinating .The volumes of central spheres is very important in my opinion .And the relation with the rotations and the fourth interactions is too important .All is a superimposings of rotating spheres implying all .If the number is the same than our cosmological spheres(stars,planets ,moons ,BH ,Super BH ,clusters of galaxies,..and our unique sphere)thus the serie begins with 1 for the main center and finishes with 1 for the Universal sphere,between let's calculate the volumes and specificities of these spheres .I think it's fundamental and universal . We can approach the number but it will be difficult .I think each galaxy or system is specific with its spheres .

Could you tell me more please about the researchs at Vienne .It seems relevant about the thermodynamic?

Regards

Steve

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Steve & Tejinder,

i have attempted to interact directly with the Vieena group about their experimental plans on their own site. Hope they take along the collaboration of all the well meaning scientists across the world in this unique endevour to look for new insights into the currently stalemated Physics.

Steve,

Please have a look at the article `Quantum Upsizing' on FQXi's home page, for a discussion of the work of the Vienna group.

***********

Narendra,

I believe we should suggest an accurate prediction to the experimentalists. As we agreed, one such prediction is that the Planck `constant' is not a constant, but runs with the number of degrees of freedom in the aggregate object; going from one to zero as one goes from the microscopic to macroscopic regime. The question is, what experiment can one perform with a mesoscopic aggregate object, to measure Planck's `constant', and test for this possible departure from standard quantum mechanics?

Tejinder

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Dear Tejinder ,

Thanks ,it seems really relevant their researchs .The collaborations are too a key ,with the complemenatrity and synergies .

Regards

Steve

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i agree fully with your response. i visited the Vienna site you referred to me and have put this suggestion to the group dealing with the experimental set-up. i will think over on the kind of measurement they need to do , in order to isolate the effect of varaition in Plancks's h variation between 0 and its standard quantum magnitude.

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An experiment comes to my mind to test the evaluation of h using photoelctrc measurement set up with a sample of massive nanostructured crystal of gold. It may also be undertaken using the light signal from a far away galaxy over 12 billion years away.Organizing the experiment may pose some problems of intensity and background isolation.

Dear Narendra,

If one uses the photoelectric effect, the Planck constant measured will reflect the quantum properties of the photon, not the mesoscopic obect. Thus to check a possible departure from quantum mechanics the photon will have to have an energy comparable to Planck energy, which is very very high.

What we need is an experiment which measures Planck constant from the quantum mechanics of a mesoscopic obect, without involving photons.

Tejinder

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anks, tejinder for correcting me. The other experiments involve h along wirh e and m of electrons. Pure varaition of h will require further isoation of exptal conditions. On the cosmologcal side i expect nanostructured structures to have existed in the early regime of high temperature universe environemnt when haevy elements may have existed in some stars /galaxies in this manner. But as you say we need to an experiment without the involvement of photon and so spectroscopic aspects get ruled out. Please eloborate a little more so that i may exert my experimental background a bit harder. What is the range of gamma rays coming from some supernovas,to satisfy the Planck's energy needed.

Dear Narendra,

The requisite photon energy is about 10^{19} GeV. Our best bet on the astronomical front might be the highest energy cosmic rays. I am no expert in that subject. From what I know, cosmic ray data in this energy range is sparse but there yet might be some interesting new physics happening there.

Tejinder

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May be space scientists involved look up your suggestion and do some spme experiments in deep space where the intensity of extreme energy cosmic rays will satisy an experiment on a gold nanostructured sample, to test your theory for mesomorphic region.

Dear Tejinder,

Thanks for your reply and your interesting essay. Here are the answers to your two questions:

Q1. While you discuss decoherence, would you also not need to invoke the many worlds interpretation?

A1. No! In Measurement Color Quantum Electrodynamics (MC-QED) (arXiv:0902.4667) it is shown that an intrinsic time irreversibility occurs thru spontaneous symmetry breaking of the CPT symmetry. This generates a time reversal violating quantum measurement interaction in the Hamiltonian of the formalism. If this Hamiltonian is then decomposed into a system part and an environment part this CPT violations causes intrinsically time reversal violating decoherence effects to occur in the reduced density matrix associated with the system part which is traced over the environment part of the Hamilton. These intrinsically time reversal violating decoherence effects do more than just diagonalize the density matrix of the system. Instead they actually project out individual states similar to what you would expect for a Von Neumann projection operator. For this reason MC-QED does not require many worlds interpretation. Instead it dynamically supplies its own interpretation in the context of its formal structure.

Q2. Secondly, can you please explain to me again how the photons carry an arrow of time?

A2: MC-QED is a non-local quantum field theory in which the quantum electrodynamic arrow of time emerges dynamically because the microscopic observer-participant operator structure of the formalism implies that the local time-symmetric "free photon operator" is non-physical since it cannot be given a Measurement Color description. Instead it must be replaced by a Measurement Color Symmetric Total Coupled Radiation Charge-Field photon operator which is non-local and carries a negative time parity under the Wigner Time Reversal operator Tw. Because of this difference between the QED and MC-QED photon operator structure, the physical requirement that a stable vacuum state exists dynamically constrains the MC-QED Heisenberg operator equations of motion to contain a causal retarded quantum electrodynamic arrow of time independent of external thermodynamic or cosmological assumptions.

The MC-QED formalism is a non-local quantum field theory which obeys a generalized time reversal invariance symmetry, where the time reversal operator T is generalized to become the direct product of the Wigner Time Reversal operator Tw and the Radiation Energy-Momentum Flow Reversal operator Tp given by T = Tw x Tp. In this context this implies that the CPT symmetry is conserved in MC-QED where T is generalized to become T= Tw x Tp. However, even though it preserves the generalized T = Tw x Tp symmetry, the presence of the negative Tw parity photon charge-field operator in MC-QED causes it to separately violate both the Tw and the Tp symmetries.

In this context the presence of the negative Wigner Time Reversal parity photon charge-field operator the MC-QED formalism, in conjunction with the physical requirement of a stable vacuum state in MC-QED, spontaneously breaks both the T and the CPT symmetry of the MC-QED formalism by dynamically selecting the operator solution containing a causal, retarded, quantum electrodynamic arrow of time. In this manner the existence of the microscopic arrow of time in MC-QED represents a fundamentally quantum electrodynamic explanation, for irreversible phenomena associated with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which complements the one supplied by the well-known statistical arguments in phase space.

I hope that this answers your questions. Further comments are appreciated

Best wishes

Darryl

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As competiton voting comes to an end in next 16 hrs. ot so, your essay has come to the top in the community. You deserve it. The work ahead remains challenging and i wish you all the best in the times ahead. This contest may have provided you with the breadth in Physics and hopefully it will help you think of fresh innovations in your research.

Dear Narendra,

Thank you for your kindness and generosity. My very sincere thanks also to the community for their interest in my work. I certainly want to wish the very best to all of us here who are taking part by writing the essays [many of which I have read with great interest, and learnt from] and discussing them.

Undoubtedly, we need some major breakthrough in physics, to get things going again. By allowing for a generous expression of offbeat but relevant ideas, FQXi is doing an extraordinary service to physicists, for which I am undoubtedly thankful.

Tejinder

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Dear Tejinder,

"Perhaps its fair to say that in the end Einstein will turn out to be the winner after all"?

In "A still valid argument by Ritz" http://home.arcor.de/eckard.blumschein/M290.html

I quote a quote by Zeh.

Check my objections. They could open a new way.

Regards,

Eckard

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Dear Tejinder,

Your question about the MC-QED formalism was:

...since you mention that many worlds is not needed in your approach ...can one see how the Born probability rule is being obtained in your study?

The answer is:

In the MC-QED formalism the fact that the photon carries the arrow of time causes the Schrodinger equation for the state vector to contain

nonlocal-in-time retarded operator contributions which cause the time evolution of the state vector to take the form of a retarded differential-delay equation.

In the context of this formalism an S-matrix approximation can be found that leads to the Born probablity rule which predicts the "quantum potentia" of the probable events which may occur. In Von Neumann's language this would called the Type 2 evolution of the state vector.

In addition the formalism contains a quantum measurement interaction term which causes the quantum potentia of probable events to become the "quantum actua" of actual events. In Von Neumann's language this would called the

Type 1 evolution of the state vector.

Thanks for your interest. Further comments or questions would be appreciated.

Darryl