Ripping Apart Einstein

Tom,

Pentcho has inadvertently bolstered your argument that scale invariance of least action is a proof of the continuous nature of time. If you'll notice, for his schema to work, time and space would have to vary in operational scale in any given velocity event that he propounds as a c+v, or c-v equation. To ascribe a covariance in any event would require arbitrarily assigning a metric of interval to each.

It brings a tear to my glass eye. jrc

You're right, John R, though I doubt Pentcho has thought about it that deeply.

My grandmother also had a glass eye. :-)

Tom,

I'll bet she did. She clearly saw to impressing you with argumentative integrity, and probably engaged you in activities exercising counting and sorting tasks. Did you know (?) that, many people whom experience dyslexia 'finger count' when they work any math. It took a while to see in your diverse posts, but there is a very holographic quality in your thinking and in general any discrete process you discuss has the whole picture of hierarchy in the axiomatic structure of any of your arguments.

Happy New Year, by the way, jrc

Once more the analysis of the Albert Einstein Institute showing that the speed of light (relative to the observer) varies with the speed of the observer, in violation of special relativity:

Albert Einstein Institute: "Here is an animation of the receiver moving towards the source: (...) By observing the two indicator lights, you can see for yourself that, once more, there is a blue-shift - the pulse frequency measured at the receiver is somewhat higher than the frequency with which the pulses are sent out. This time, the distances between subsequent pulses are not affected, but still there is a frequency shift: As the receiver moves towards each pulse, the time until pulse and receiver meet up is shortened. In this particular animation, which has the receiver moving towards the source at one third the speed of the pulses themselves, four pulses are received in the time it takes the source to emit three pulses."

That is, the speed of the pulses relative to the light source is c=3d/t and relative to the moving receiver is:

c' = c + v = 4d/t

where t is "the time it takes the source to emit three pulses", d is the distance between subsequent pulses and v=c/3 is the speed of the receiver relative to the light source. Clearly special relativity is violated.

The relativistic corrections cannot save special relativity - for v=c/3 gamma is 1.05 which makes c' even slightly greater than c+v.

Pentcho Valev

That's perceptive of you, John R. Yes, I did once count on my fingers -- an odder thing I remember after my auto accident, though, was that I was quite old, maybe 11 or 12, before I understood that "minus" means the same thing as "take away." I know this sounds silly -- it's true, though, if one were to ask me, e.g., "what is 7 minus 2?" I would have no idea what they were talking about. I knew that "7 take away 2" is 5, and I could solve the written problem 7 - 2 = ?.

It makes me uncomfortable to talk about personal things in a public forum. However, I think this somewhat relates to the topic. Right brain functions (the area of my head injury at age 3 or 4) are said to be the domain of creative thinking and left brain functions the domain of analytical thinking.

The complete functioning is reciprocal -- just like the reciprocal physcial relations in the mathematically complete theory of special relativity.

Best,

Tom

No, Tom, you're right, the intent was not toward person but goes to the process of maping. Thank-you jrc

"Doppler effect (...) Let u be speed of source or observer (...) Doppler Shift: Moving Observer. Shift in frequency only, wavelength does not change. Speed observed = v+u. Observed period T' = (lambda)/(v+u). Observed frequency shift f'=f(1±u/v) (negative sign means observer moving AWAY)"

Clearly the derivation of the Doppler frequency shift:

f' = f(1±u/v)

is based on the assumption:

"Speed observed = v+u" (v is the speed of the waves relative to the stationary source)

This assumption is FATAL FOR SPECIAL RELATIVITY and yet it is the only reasonable one. If Einsteinians believe it is false, they should state that explicitly, e.g. in the following way:

False: Speed observed = v+u

True: Speed observed = v

Then honest Einsteinians should advance some other assumption, justify it as best they can, and deduce the frequency shift f'=f(1±u/v) from it. Until this is done, the assumption:

"Speed observed = v+u"

remains the only reasonable one, confirmed experimentally countless times (insofar as the frequency shift f'=f(1±u/v) has been confirmed experimentally countless times).

Pentcho Valev

Both special and general relativity are refuted by the Pound-Rebka experiment:

A light source at the bottom of a tower of height h emits light upwards. As the light reaches a stationary receiver at the top of a tower, its speed relative to that receiver is:

A) c' = c(1-gh/c^2) (Newton's emission theory)

B) c' = c(1-2gh/c^2) (Einstein's general relativity)

C) c' = c (Richard Epp, Stephen Hawking, Brian Cox)

The following analysis clearly shows that A is correct while B and C are false predictions:

"In 1960 Pound and Rebka and later, 1965, with an improved version Pound and Snider measured the gravitational redshift of light using the Harvard tower, h=22.6m. From the equivalence principle, at the instant the light is emitted from the transmitter, only a freely falling observer will measure the same value of f that was emitted by the transmitter. But the stationary receiver is not free falling. During the time it takes light to travel to the top of the tower, t=h/c, the receiver is traveling at a velocity, v=gt, away from a free falling receiver. Hence the measured frequency is: f'=f(1-v/c)=f(1-gh/c^2)."

The frequency measured at the bottom of the tower is f=c/L, where L is the wavelength. The frequency measured by the stationary receiver at the top of the tower is:

f' = f(1-gh/c^2) = (c/L)(1-gh/c^2) = c'/L

where c'=c(1-gh/c^2) is the speed of the light relative to that receiver. From the equivalence principle, c'=c(1-gh/c^2)=c-v is also the speed of light relative to an observer/receiver moving, in gravitation-free space, away from the light source with speed v. Clearly both general and special relativity are false.

Pentcho Valev

Absurdities, Not Paradoxes, in Einstein's Relativity

Time dilation is mutual, according to special relativity. Yet the retardation of a clock can only be demonstrated (calculated) if that clock is allowed to travel, that is, allowed to move from point A to point B, in some inertial system. If the scenario craftily precludes such a travel for one of two clocks in relative motion, time dilation becomes effectively asymmetrical - only the other clock's retardation can be demonstrated.

This is the whole secret behind the so-called twin paradox. The travelling twin/clock is allowed to move from point A to point B in the sedentary twin/clock's system, but the reverse is impossible for the simple reason that the travelling twin/clock's system is, in the scenario taught by Einsteinians, point-like (consists of a twin and/or a clock and nothing else).

As soon as the relativistic scenario is changed and the sedentary twin/clock is seen moving from point A to point B is the travelling twin/clock's system, Einstein's relativity dismally falls apart:

A clock on the ground is stationary and a train moves towards it. When the clock at the front end of the train passes the stationary clock, an observer on the ground sets the stationary clock to read the same as the front end clock. Finally, while the train and the stationary clock are still in contact, the train stops and the train's clocks simultaneously (as judged from the train's system) stop ticking. That is, at 5 o'clock (train time) all clocks on the train stop both moving and ticking.

Two important observations:

1. Immediately after the stopping of the train, clocks on the train read 5 o'clock while the clock on the ground reads less - say, 4 o'clock (according to special relativity of course). That is, the clock on the ground has been running slow.

2. As the clock at the front end of the train stops, it has just finished the outward leg of the journey described in the usual relativistic scenario. However, since the new scenario has allowed the clock on the ground to move from point A to point B in the train system, the conclusion is different: the travelling clock (at the front end of the train) shows more time elapsed than the stationary clock on the ground (the travelling twin has grown older than his sedentary brother).

Already at this stage the absurdity is obvious so there is no need to finish the story by considering the inward leg of the journey.

Pentcho Valev

Pentcho,

I agree in the absurdities of Einstein's relativity. Atomic clocks are known to tick faster in a lower gravitational field, at a higher altitude for example. But pendulum clocks will tick or swing more slowly in a lower gravitational field. Therefore the concept of 'time' can't be separated from the type of clock used. Why has this simple refutation of his theory been overlooked?

Alan

The original hoax:

Albert Einstein 1905: "From this there ensues the following peculiar consequence. If at the points A and B of K there are stationary clocks which, viewed in the stationary system, are synchronous; and if the clock at A is moved with the velocity v along the line AB to B, then on its arrival at B the two clocks no longer synchronize, but the clock moved from A to B lags behind the other which has remained at B... (...) It is at once apparent that this result still holds good if the clock moves from A to B in any polygonal line, and also when the points A and B coincide."

The scenario craftily precludes the travel of the clock at B in the moving system of the clock initially at A. As a result, time dilation becomes effectively asymmetrical - only the retardation of the clock initially at A can be demonstrated.

Let there be a large number of clocks moving in the closed polygonal line, one after the other. The single stationary clock (at B) is placed at the middle of one of the sides of the polygon and its reading is compared with the readings of the moving clocks which pass it at short intervals.

In this scenario, according to special relativity, the stationary clock runs SLOWER than the moving clocks, in contradiction with Einstein's assertion above. For instance, if both the stationary clock and a moving clock read zero as they meet, and if the next moving clock reads 5 as it reaches the stationary clock, and if the two moving clocks are synchronized, the stationary clock will read, say, 4 as it meets the second moving clock.

Clearly Einstein's relativity is absurd, not paradoxical.

Pentcho Valev

If one believes in Einstein's 1905 constant-speed-of-light postulate, one should also believe that the volume of material objects can be reduced unlimitedly without spending any energy, and that the shrunk object still releases the energy that should have been put in shrinkage when, after being trapped in a small container, it tries to restore its original volume:

"These are the props. You own a barn, 40m long, with automatic doors at either end, that can be opened and closed simultaneously by a switch. You also have a pole, 80m long, which of course won't fit in the barn. (...) If it does not explode under the strain and it is sufficiently elastic it will come to rest and start to spring back to its natural shape but since it is too big for the barn the other end is now going to crash into the back door and the rod will be trapped IN A COMPRESSED STATE inside the barn."

"Un perchiste se saisit d'une perche mesurant 10 m, puis il s'élance en direction d'une grange mesurant 5 m de profondeur et percée de deux portes A et B (cf figure). On suppose que le perchiste se déplace à une vitesse constante v telle que gamma = 2. Un fermier, immobile par rapport à la grange, décide de fermer simultanément les portes A et B quand l'extrémité Q de la perche parvient à la porte B."

"Suppose you want to fit a 20m pole into a 10m barn. (...) Hence in both frames of reference, the pole fits inside the barn (and will presumably shatter when the doors are closed)."

Pentcho Valev

Einstein's Relativity : Lies Are Getting Subtler

In order to justify the introduction of Einstein's 1905 false constant-speed-of-light postulate, Einsteinians used to teach the following two blatant lies:

1. Maxwell's 19th century electromagnetic theory predicted that the speed of light does not depend on the speed of the observer measuring it. (The truth is that Maxwell's theory predicted that the speed of light VARIES with the speed of the observer.)

2. The Michelson-Morley experiment showed that the speed of light does not depend on the speed of the observer measuring it. (The truth is that in 1887 the Michelson-Morley experiment unequivocally showed that the speed of light DOES DEPEND on the speed of the observer, as predicted by Newton's emission theory of light.)

Examples:

Why Does E=mc2?: (And Why Should We Care?), Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, p. 91: "...Maxwell's brilliant synthesis of the experimental results of Faraday and others strongly suggested that the speed of light should be the same for all observers. This conclusion was supported by the experimental result of Michelson and Morley, and taken at face value by Einstein."

Leonard Susskind: "One of the predictions of Maxwell's equations is that the velocity of electromagnetic waves, or light, is always measured to have the same value, regardless of the frame in which it is measured. (...) So, in Galilean relativity, we have c'=c-v and the speed of light in the moving frame should be slower than in the stationary frame, directly contradicting Maxwell. Scientists before Einstein thought that Galilean relativity was correct and so supposed that there had to exist a special, universal frame (called the aether) in which Maxwell's equations would be correct. However, over time and many experiments (including Michelson-Morley) it was shown that the speed of light did not depend on the velocity of the observer measuring it, so that c'=c."

The Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 19: "If she fires the laser toward you - and if you had the appropriate measuring equipment - you would find that the speed of approach of the photons in the beam is 670 million miles per hour. But what if you run away, as you did when faced with the prospect of playing catch with a hand grenade? What speed will you now measure for the approaching photons? To make things more compelling, imagine that you can hitch a ride on the starship Enterprise and zip away from your friend at, say, 100 million miles per hour. Following the reasoning based on the traditional Newtonian worldview, since you are now speeding away, you would expect to measure a slower speed for the oncoming photons. Specifically, you would expect to find them approaching you at (670 million miles per hour - 100 million miles per hour =) 570 million miles per hour. Mounting evidence from a variety of experiments dating back as far as the 1880s, as well as careful analysis and interpretation of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light, slowly convinced the scientific community that, in fact, this is not what you will see. Even though you are retreating, you will still measure the speed of the approaching photons as 670 million miles per hour, not a bit less. Although at first it sounds completely ridiculous, unlike what happens if one runs from an oncoming baseball, grenade, or avalanche, the speed of approaching photons is always 670 million miles per hour. The same is true if you run toward oncoming photons or chase after them - their speed of approach or recession is completely unchanged; they still appear to travel at 670 million miles per hour. Regardless of relative motion between the source of photons and the observer, the speed of light is always the same."

In Brian Greene's new online special relativity course the lies are much subtler: Maxwell's equations just did not specify what the speed of light was relative to and physicists "made up" an answer: relative to the ether. But experiments showed there was no ether, and that was where the genius of Einstein came into the story, Divine Einstein, yes we all believe in relativity, relativity, relativity, that's the way ahah ahah we like it, ahah ahah.

Pentcho Valev

Lubos Motl, Brian Greene's brother in faith, is commenting on the new project in a suspiciously sarcastic tone:

"World Science U: Brian Greene's online learning"

What's happened? Why is Lubos Motl so disrespectful? He is not Einsteinian any more:

Lubos Motl: "...Albert Einstein's 1918 speech celebrating Max Planck's 60th birthday... (...) Einstein divided the temple of science to profit-seekers (or utilitarians) and ego-builders (or athletes) on one side and monks (or missionaries) on the other side. Max Planck was included into the rare latter category by Einstein. Despite Einstein's stellar moral credentials in the public, I actually find it plausible today that Einstein himself might have been a representative of the former category as the Einstein and Eddington movie suggested. He might have been an utilitarian, not a monk (which I used to believe to be an accurate label for Einstein 25 years ago)."

Einsteinians leaving the sinking ship.

Pentcho Valev

Absurdities in Einstein's 1905 Article

ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES, by A. Einstein, June 30, 1905: "From this there ensues the following peculiar consequence. If at the points A and B of K there are stationary clocks which, viewed in the stationary system, are synchronous; and if the clock at A is moved with the velocity v along the line AB to B, then on its arrival at B the two clocks no longer synchronize, but the clock moved from A to B lags behind the other which has remained at B by tv^2/2c^2 (up to magnitudes of fourth and higher order), t being the time occupied in the journey from A to B. It is at once apparent that this result still holds good if the clock moves from A to B in any polygonal line, and also when the points A and B coincide. If we assume that the result proved for a polygonal line is also valid for a continuously curved line, we arrive at this result: If one of two synchronous clocks at A is moved in a closed curve with constant velocity until it returns to A, the journey lasting t seconds, then by the clock which has remained at rest the travelled clock on its arrival at A will be tv^2/2c^2 second slow."

Let us pay special attention to this:

"...if the clock at A is moved with the velocity v along the line AB to B, then on its arrival at B the two clocks no longer synchronize, but the clock moved from A to B lags behind the other which has remained at B..."

Why? Time dilation is mutual isn't it? If I say that, according to special relativity, the clock which has remained at B lags behind the clock moved from A to B, where am I wrong?

I wouldn't be wrong of course. Special relativity is an inconsistency that makes contradictory predictions. But there is a subtlety that allows Einstein to camouflage the contradiction: the retardation of a clock can only be calculated if that clock finds itself consecutively at different points belonging to the other clock's system. In Einstein's scenario, the moving clock finds itself consecutively at point A and point B (points belonging to the stationary clock's system), and Einstein gloriously calculates that it lags behind by tv^2/2c^2.

And since in Einstein's scenario the stationary clock does not find itself consecutively at different points belonging to the moving clock's system, its retardation cannot be calculated. Einstein's implicit suggestion is: "If the retardation of the stationary clock cannot be calculated, forget about it!" Einsteinians have been strictly following this suggestion for more than a century.

Let there be a large number of clocks moving in the closed polygonal line, one a short distance after the other. The single stationary clock (at B) is placed at the middle of one of the sides of the polygon and its reading is compared with the readings of the moving clocks which pass it at short intervals.

In this scenario the stationary clock does find itself consecutively at different points belonging to the moving clock's system and its retardation CAN be calculated. For instance, if both the stationary clock and a moving clock read zero as they meet, and if the next moving clock reads 5 as it reaches the stationary clock, and if the two moving clocks are synchronized, the stationary clock will read, say, 4 as it meets the second moving clock.

Clearly Einstein's relativity is an inconsistency making contradictory predictions.

Pentcho Valev

Absurdities in Einstein's 1905 Article II

Relativity and Its Roots, Banesh Hoffmann, p. 105: "In one case your clock is checked against two of mine, while in the other case my clock is checked against two of yours, and this permits us each to find without contradiction that the other's clocks go more slowly than his own."

In terms of the twin paradox, the scenario offered by Einstein in his 1905 article can be described in the following way. As the travelling twin moves in a closed polygonal line, his clock can be checked against two or more clocks belonging to the sedentary twin's system, and this allows Einstein to calculate that the travelling twin returns younger than the sedentary twin. In contrast, the scenario prevents the sedentary twin's clock from being checked against two or more travelling clocks, and Einstein can safely say anything about the age of the sedentary twin (he found it profitable to say that the sedentary twin proves older at the end of the travelling twin's journey).

Let us consider a large number of travelling twins (ants) move in a rectangular line, one a short distance after the other. We can imagine a single sedentary twin (ant) placed at the middle of one of the sides of the rectancle, his clock being constantly checked against the travelling twins' clocks which pass it at short intervals. In this case special relativity calculates that the sedentary twin's clock runs slower, and accordingly that the sedentary twin remains younger. Conclusion: Special relativity is an inconsistency.

The above picture reveals another contradiction in special relativity. The theory predicts that, as the speed of the travelling twins (ants) increases, their length and the distance between them decrease (as judged from the sedentary twin's system). Accordingly, insofar as the length of the sides of the rectangle is fixed in the sedentary twin's system, the number of travelling twins (ants) on the whole rectangular line must increase (as judged from the sedentary twin's system). Needless to say, this last implication is absurd.

Pentcho Valev

The Amazing Vulnerability of Einstein's Relativity

Dr Ricardo Eusebi: "f'=f(1+v/c). Light frequency is relative to the observer. The velocity is not though. The velocity is the same in all the reference frames."

The video shows a light source and an (initially) stationary observer measuring the frequency to be f=c/d, where d is the distance between the wavecrests.

When the observer starts moving with speed v away from the light source, the videowatcher clearly sees that the speed of the wavecrests relative to the observer shifts from c to c'=c-v, and that this causes the frequency the observer measures to shift from f=c/d to f'=(c-v)/d=f(1-v/c).

Yet Dr. Ricardo Eusebi explains to the videowatcher that the picture is partly illusory. The frequency shift the videowatcher sees (from f=c/d to f'=(c-v)/d) is true, but the cause, the shift in the speed of the wavecrests relative to the observer (from c to c'=c-v) is not real. The videowatcher may see it but it is not there. If the source emitted sound waves, then - OK - the frequency would shift from f=c/d to f'=(c-v)/d, and the cause would be none other than the shift in the speed of the waves relative to the observer, from c to c'=c-v. For light waves, however, the effect, the frequency shift, still exists, but the cause, the shift in the speed of the waves relative to the observer, is absent, or at least some other cause must have produced exactly the same effect.

Needless to say, not all scientists suffer from the above schizophrenia. Many admit, explicitly or implicitly, that the speed of the light waves relative to the observer does vary with the speed of the observer:

Sidney Redner: "The Doppler effect is the shift in frequency of a wave that occurs when the wave source, or the detector of the wave, is moving. Applications of the Doppler effect range from medical tests using ultrasound to radar detectors and astronomy (with electromagnetic waves). (...) We will focus on sound waves in describing the Doppler effect, but it works for other waves too. (...) Let's say you, the observer, now move toward the source with velocity vO. You encounter more waves per unit time than you did before. Relative to you, the waves travel at a higher speed: v'=v+vO. The frequency of the waves you detect is higher, and is given by: f'=v'/(lambda)=(v+vO)/(lambda)."

Tony Harker, University College London: "The Doppler Effect: Moving sources and receivers. The phenomena which occur when a source of sound is in motion are well known. The example which is usually cited is the change in pitch of the engine of a moving vehicle as it approaches. In our treatment we shall not specify the type of wave motion involved, and our results will be applicable to sound or to light. (...) Now suppose that the observer is moving with a velocity Vo away from the source. (....) If the observer moves with a speed Vo away from the source (...), then in a time t the number of waves which reach the observer are those in a distance (c-Vo)t, so the number of waves observed is (c-Vo)t/lambda, giving an observed frequency f'=f(1-Vo/c) when the observer is moving away from the source at a speed Vo."

Tony Harker: "In a time t the number of waves which reach the observer are those in a distance (c-Vo)t."

Consequence: The speed of the light waves relative to the moving observer is:

c' = distance/time = (c - Vo)t/t = c - Vo,

in violation of Einstein's relativity.

Pentcho Valev

The Amazing Vulnerability of Einstein's Relativity II

Richard Baxter 1667: "Whereupon it is that the Schoolmen have questioned how many Angels may fit upon the point of a Needle?"

21st century schoolmen ask a slightly different question:

"How fast does a 7 m long buick need to go to fit in a 2 m deep closet?"

Schoolmen see no problem in trapping unlimitedly long objects inside unlimitedly short containers but still one point needs refinement: some schoolmen believe that the long object is trapped in a compressed state inside the short container, others claim there is no compression at all:

"These are the props. You own a barn, 40m long, with automatic doors at either end, that can be opened and closed simultaneously by a switch. You also have a pole, 80m long, which of course won't fit in the barn. (...) If it does not explode under the strain and it is sufficiently elastic it will come to rest and start to spring back to its natural shape but since it is too big for the barn the other end is now going to crash into the back door and the rod will be trapped IN A COMPRESSED STATE inside the barn."

Stéphane Durand: "Ainsi, une fusée de 100 m passant à toute vitesse dans un tunnel de 60 m pourrait être entièrement contenue dans ce tunnel pendant une fraction de seconde, durant laquelle il serait possible de fermer des portes aux deux bouts! La fusée est donc réellement plus courte. Pourtant, il n'y a PAS DE COMPRESSION matérielle ou physique de l'engin."

Pentcho Valev

The Amazing Vulnerability of Einstein's Relativity III

Let us imagine that the ants moving along the rectangular line are light clocks travelling at 87% the speed of light. According to the principle of relativity, a single stationary clock placed in the middle of one of the sides of the rectangle can be regarded as "moving" between "stationary" clocks scattered along the side; according to the principle of constancy of the speed of light, the single "moving" clock ticks half as fast as the "stationary" clocks (note that this conclusion does not depend on whether the "stationary" clocks are synchronous or not):

"How can I find out what the moving clock reads an hour from now when it is no longer anywhere near me? Here's one procedure: I set up many clocks at rest with respect to me throughout space. Then, one hour later, as the moving clock passes one of those clocks, a friend notes what the moving clock reads and what the local resting clock reads. From my friend's report, I can figure out whether the moving clock has slowed or not. The figure shows the bare essentials of the moving clock and all the other clocks spread out through space. The moving clock agrees with the reading of the leftmost clock--my wristwatch--as it passes by. However when it passes the rightmost, it now reads much less. So I judge it to have slowed."

"If you watch the animation carefully, you will see that the moving light clock ticks at exactly half the speed of the resting clock. That is because the light signal of the moving clock has to cover twice the distance to go from one end of the rod to the other."

So in this scenario special relativity predicts that the single stationary clock placed in the middle of one of the sides of the rectangle is slower than clocks moving along the polygonal line. In Einstein's original 1905 scenario, clocks moving along the polygonal line are slower. We have reductio ad absurdum which means that the principle of constancy of the speed of light is false.

Pentcho Valev