Tom and Frank,

Things have come to a halt here and that is fine. You two have given me the most worthwhile messages with regard to excellent challenges. I will only be on the Internet intermittingly for the next few weeks. During that time I will write responses because your opinions are welcome again. Tom your last challenging message had good detail to it. I will be showing how some of those potential problems do not occur from my point of view. Anyway, they need tested. Thank you both.

I have only rated two essays thus far. I will wait until I can be active again before posting any evaluations or resume ratings.

James

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  • Post #107

James

Just to let you know an historical information. In his articles of 1911 and 1915-16 Einstein already knew that the speed of light was not constant. He was aware that the second postulate of special relativity must be abandoned for non-inertial frames of reference (i.e. for gravitational fields). Einstein knew that the only way that light could bend near a massive object is by changing the speed of the wave fronts (assuming spherical waves). Thus the speed of light has been known NOT to be constant for about 100 years. However, for practical purposes old theorists keep it or assume it to be a universal constant, this is what most people believe today.

Israel

    James,

    If your theory is right, does it not affect distance and time measurements of distances to other galaxies and the age of the universe, etc.?

    Jim

      Israel

      Brilliant. Somebody else who knows the facts. Indeed, in 1905, he already knew that because he wrote when describing the two posulates: "only apparently irreconcilable", because in 1905 light is in vacuo, matter is not, so the two cannot co-exist. In SR both are in vacuo, in GR nothing is. Israel, please do not respond here, if you want to discuss further, come across to my essay, which is not about that, but there is a post on there which explains that (13/7 11.24)

      Paul

      James

      That's simple 'truth functional logic'. Examples can confuse as well as confirm. The basic rules of logic are quite simple and consistent.

      Considering this as a 'compound proposition' in the 'Propositional Dynamic Logic' (PDL) which I invoke in my essay, it is a truth that; any compound proposition may be a part of another compound proposition which itself may be part of another compound proposition, ad infinitum (in fact "Infinitely many" -AE and HM). This structure is consistent with Special Relativity as 'nested' kinetic states, or Einstein's 'space 's' moving within larger space 'S', etc. etc also ad-infinitum. In this case all backgrounds are frames with their own local background. = Local reality, all precisely as Joy Christian suggests.

      As Boscovich first found, agreed by Descartes etc, matter is non zero spatially, and spaces, thus the states of motion they are in, are 'mutually exclusive'. I suggest this ontology can lift all the paradoxes from SR. Thoughts?

      I hope to re-read your essay again soon and comment.

      Best wishes.

      Peter

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      • Post #111

      James,

      I agree with your contention that the speed of light will vary as it approaches a mass, the larger the mass the larger the variation. I just posted a response on Peter Jackson's topic (1330) which reiterates why I support your speed of light variability. I provided information that I had not previously put in your forum topic. see my 1330 post (Frank Makinson replied on Jul. 21, 2012 @ 17:53 GMT)

        Hi Frank,

        Thank you for your message. My current Internet connection is minimal and unreliable. I will read your messages. My responses will be intermittent. Perhaps days apart for the next two weeks. I have solutions that pertain to putting mass as the acceleration of light that have not yet been presented here. One has to do with predicting the radius of the hydrogen atom using only the masses of the proton and electron. When I have a reliable connection I will say more about this. Thank you again.

        James

        Hi James,

        Your observation is correct from my point of view. The only point that I will make at this time is that my approach does indicate that the age of the universe is much older than current projections. I will respond more fully at a later time. Thank you for your message.

        James

        Hi Israel,

        Please give the quotes along with your interpretations of them pointing out specific words and their usage. Just want to respond knowing that we are communicating accurately. Thank you.

        James

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        • Post #115

        The top of a tower of height h emits light with frequency f, speed c and wavelength L (as measured by the emitter): f=c/L. An observer on the ground measures the frequency to be f'=f(1+gh/c^2), the speed of light to be c' and the wavelength to be L': f'=c'/L'.

        James, could you please answer the following questions: c'=? L'=?

        My answers: c'=c(1+gh/c^2) ; L'=L

        Pentcho Valev pvalev@yahoo.com

        Hi James

        As I mentioned before you can find the whole information in his articles of 1911 and 1916. There are many myths and misunderstandings among the physics community in relation to both the second postulate of special relativity and Einstein's contribution to physics. This is because many historical facts are not included in textbooks. Textbooks usually show the condensed version of each theory. For instance, no book talks about the development of relativistic dynamics, in particular, the mass-energy relation. All contemporary textbooks attribute the whole of special relativity to Einstein which is not true at all. A similar situation occurs with electrodynamics which is basically attributed to Maxwell and Lorentz (implicit are Ampere, Ohm, Faraday, Gauss, etc. the pioneers of statics and dynamics). But unfortunately the history of physics has forgotten the tremendous contribution to electrodynamics of many authors such as Hertz, Fitzgerald, Larmor, Heaviside, Lodge, etc. All these researchers gave the shape to the classical electrodynamics of today.

        In his article of 1911 he stated the principle of equivalence (despite the fact that he never understood the why of such equivalence). There he arrived at an equation similar to yours (8) and he explicitly promulgate that the bending of light near a massive object is due to the fact that the speed of light is not constant in a gravitational field. I could notice that in essence your line of thought is the same as his. Then, in his famous article of 1916 (The foundations of the generalized theory of relativity) he mentioned the following at the end of the second part: "... Also we see immediately that the principle of the constancy of light-velocity MUST BE MODIFIED, for we recognize easily that the path of a ray of light with reference to K' must be, in general, curved, when light travels with a definite and constant velocity in a straight line with reference to K."

        Please take a look at my essay (THE PREFERRED SYSTEM OF REFERENCE RELOADED) where I discuss more about this issue. The corresponding references are provided as well.

        Good luck in the contest

        Israel

        6 days later

        Thanks James for reference to newphysicstheory.com in your Bio.

        It is an excellent piece of work and fairly extensive.

        As a PicoPhysicist, I say your proposition 'presence of matter causes light to slow as it approaches the matter' is a derivative conclusion from unary law in PicoPhysics. I have begun to expose concepts of PicoPhysics through an essay on Five Dimensions of universe .

        Look forward to your comments and evaluation of the Five Dimensions of universe .

        Thanks and Regards,

        Vijay Gupta

          Israel Omar Perez,

          Thank you for your reply. I will read your essay.

          James

          Dear James,

          Welcome back. Hope you enjoyed your trip.

          I just wanted to post here a copy of Dr. Perez's comment to you:

          Author Israel Omar Perez replied on Aug. 6, 2012 @ 18:31 GMT

          Dr James

          Thanks for your post. I invite you to read, some of my posts here in reply to Pentcho's inquiries, there you will find some other arguments in favor of the variability of the speed of light in a gravitational field which is equivalent to having a fluid with a inhomogeneous refractive index.

          Israel

          That should make you feel good!

          Edwin Eugene Klingman

            Hi Edwin,

            Thank you for your message. Most of my time was spent helping my brother renovate an old farmhouse into something much more like a country cottage. He will be soon retiring there. It is a yearly event. The location is forty miles from the nearest small town. I receive roaming service in the small town, but receive nobody's service at the farm.

            I see that Dr. Perez preceded my name with Dr. I am sure it must have been inadvertent. Although I deliberately avoid giving out information about my education and work experience, I do regularly state that I am not a physicist. I do not want readers to perhaps be misled by its omission.

            James

            Hi Vijay,

            Thank you for your kind message. I followed your link "As a PicoPhysicist, I say your proposition 'presence of matter causes light to slow as it approaches the matter' is a derivative conclusion from 'unary law' in PicoPhysics." I am not certain from reading it how it applies to what I say about the variation of the speed of light. I have read your essay today and will comment on it at your forum. It is interesting to learn what others think and it was interesting to read your view. I look forward to reading exchanges between yourself and others at your forum.

            James

            James,

            I'm surprised at you. I know you are not silly enough to actually 'feel good' over someone addressing you as 'Dr.' What I was referring to is that a very competent individual is arguing in support of the basic premise in your essay, about the variability of time!

            Edwin Eugene Klingman

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            • Post #124

            Dear James,

            Please will you read my paper in http://vixra.org/abs/1208.0018

            It important for your topic regarded to the variability of the speed of light. it gives new interpretation for the Lorentz transformation equations depending the variability of the speed of light by considering the Lorentz factor is equivalent to the refractive index. This concept is applying on GR, and then answering the question if light is bending by gravity or refracted. thus, solving the contradiction between quantum gravity and GR.

            Edwin,

            Sorry, that 'Dr.' stood out immediately upon reading your message. It is important to me to make clear that I am not a physicist.

            You are very correct about my having good feelings when a physicist says something that gives support to something that I say. It has happened before :) My hesitation to highlighting it has to do with the rest of what I say. I say too much that goes far against accepted theory.

            Take for example what I say about defining mass, and all properties for that matter, strictly in terms of the properties of its empirical evidence. Should a physicist ever agree with that point, I would be elated. It is a key point who's acceptance would necessarily throw support to much else I say.

            Or, if a physicist ever agreed with what I have stated about electric charge I would also be elated. That point is what establishes consistent clear unity in my work right from its beginning.

            Thinking about this prompts me to state that it has been very nice and is greatly appreciated to be able to state my case here at fqxi without having the administrators cast me out.

            James