Gravity Can Be Neither Classical nor Quantized by Sabine Hossenfelder

Sabine,

I have followed some of the concepts you have presented for several years. In 2008, I sent you an email about a proposed paper, which was published by the IEEE in 2011, "A methodology to define physical constants using mathematical constants". That paper is cited in my essay, topic 1294, and I provide links in the comments. It describes a fundamentally different way to apply mathematics to physical law.

In your essay, first section, subsection 3, you state, "As Hannah and Eppley have argued [2], the attempt to do such a coupling leads either to a violation of the uncertainty principle (and thus would necessitate a change of the quantum theory) or to the possibility of superluminal signaling, which brings more problems than it solves."

Although not a part of my essay, a paper titled, "The helical structure of the electromagnetic gravity field" ( Helical Electromagnetic Gravity ) describes a simple mechanism how superluminal influence can exist. Please note that in 2004, the authors of references [6] and [7], cited in the paper, established a mathematical basis why gravity has an electromagnetic (EM) origin. All the authors of [6] and [7] needed was a description of the EM field structure that provides an attractant only force; my paper does that.

Dear Sabine,

For almost any choice, people tend to think that it should either be one, or the other. I liked your point that, in the case of "classical" vs. "quantized", the fundamental theory can be neither. I am interested myself in ways in which quantum can emerge from something else. Maybe is both "classical" and "quantized", where the quantum comes from some topological or cohomological properties or something like this. In a different direction, in my present essay, Did God Divide by Zero?, I develop the idea that singularities exist in classical general relativity, but are nicely behaved, and as a bonus they seem to provide a way of regularization for quantum gravity.

Best wishes,

Cristi Stoica

Your essay is interesting and food for thought. Gravitation is not given by a compact Lie group, which makes unitary principles problematic. The holographic principle makes the argument that quantum information is conserved. However, we have no general theory for how quantum information is conserved without unitarity. My essay is an attempt to address this matter. Quantum gravity might in the end be a bit of a misnomer.

In general I agree that gravitation will not be quantized at all in the standard way.

Cheers LC

Lawrence and Sabine. The force/energy of inertia and gravity has to be equivalent and balanced in order for there to be fundamental quantum gravity. (Light is known to be quantum mechanical in nature.) A smaller space must be made larger, and a larger space (on balance) must be made smaller. All relevant opposites must be balanced, included, and combined. Completeness and balance are essential in physics (and theory/ideas). Balanced and equivalent attraction and repulsion is a must too.

Also, please see the additional information in my prior/above post in this matter.

Have either of you given any thought to the ideas of feeling, touch, AND vision as they can converge (fundamentally/basically) in relation to BOTH gravity and electromagnetism? Would this not fundamentally, meaningfully, and significantly tell us more about space, force, and energy (as seen, felt, and touched) taken together? We do need to begin with basics.

True/real quantum gravity demonstrates F=ma fundamentally and fundamentally includes instantaneity as well. Inertia and gravity must be balanced and equivalent. There is no getting around this. You have to demonstrate fundamentally stabilized distance in/of space.

My essay, soon to be posted, represents a major and fundamental breakthrough in waking AND dream physics (including gravity) FUNDAMENTALLY. I would appreciate your ratings and comments on this too. Thanks.

Bee,

As usual, you display a marvelous facility for clearly reducing a problem to its essentials. Delightful reading.

I have to point out, though "If Planck's constant is a field ..." your proposal for unification is unambiguously classical. We've always known that if Planck's constant were zero, that we live in a classical world. So if " ... quantum corrections which would normally diverge ... cleanly go to zero ..." spacetime geometry (actually, topology) is enough and we don't need quantization at all, for a fundamentally unifying theory.

I do hope you get a chance to visit my essay site.

Best,

Tom

Hello Bee,

Congratulations on a wonderful essay. I could not agree more with your position on which I quote:

"This mismatch between the quantum field theories of the standard model and classical general relativity is more than an aesthetic problem: It signifies a severe shortcoming of our understanding of nature. This shortcoming has drawn a lot of attention because its resolution it is an opportunity to completely overhaul our understanding of space, time and matter."

Perhaps the complete overhaul might require backing away from general relativity in favor of a single mathematical foundation that cleanly integrates the fundamental forces of Gravitation and Electrodynamics, with directive qualities on just what the remainder of things must look like. The quantum side of nature might reveal itself in a different guise within the very same structure.

There is a nascent concept that does just this. It is the subject matter of my essay The Algebra of Everything. I show in this essay the relativistic characteristics of Electrodynamics are not unique to a 4D split-signature Minkowski space-time, but also within an Octonion Algebra governed 8-space. The increase in dimensions allows Electrodynamics to be only a subset of the presentation, as it must to be unified with something else. You might consider the move to Octonion Algebra as flatting out the second rank tensors employed, and instead of having only their symmetric and anti-symmetric structures, the full structure of Octonion Algebra is in play.

I would love for you to take a look and comment, for I value your opinion.

Regards,

Rick

Dear Sabine

I found very intriguing your idea of theories that are neither quantum nor classical.

However I have a concern regarding the your proposal.

I remember from my time as a student some old discussions about the issue of constancy of $h$. At that time we were talking about a proposal made by mi advisor.

The paper was E. Fischbach, G.L Greene, and R.J. Hughes, "New test of QM: Is Planck's constant unique ?", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 256 (1991))

One issue I recall from that discussion was the argument indicating that, as all one can measure in physics are dimessional ratios, the issue of the

variation of dimensional constants was not well defined. This is contrast with variations that could be casted in terms of variations of dimensionless ratios ( i.e. the variation of the Plank-time could be expressed as a variation of the ratio $t_{Pl}/ t_{cesium}$).

In other words, it only made sense to say some constants do vary if one specified exactly how the quantities that are used define the units we employ are supposed to behave under such change.

Consider that we take a cesium atom oscillations to define the unit of time, and define the unit of length by setting the sped of light in vacuum to be $c=1$. Furthermore imagine we define the unit of energy so that $h=1$ and use Eintein's $E=mC^2$ relation to define the unit of mass.

In that case, to say that $h$ varies would be simply meaningless.

Of course one could talk about potentially observable effects ( say a variation of the energy levels of an hydrogen atom) in terms of dimensionless constants or dimensionless ratios ( i.e. variations of $e$ or of $m_{electron}/M_{proton}$). Note however that the self consistency of the proposal would require that when we consider the Cesium atom (and in particular the transition used to define de unit of time) that the changes one is considering would lead to no modification of its frequency.

Best regards Daniel

I still don't know what you mean with "quantized masses in accordance with QM."

Hi Harlan,

Operators can have continuous spectra. Best,

B.

Hi Tom,

Thanks for the kind words. My proposal is not fundamentally classical, the quantization condition is always present. You're right, we might not need quantization for a fundamentally unifying theory. But we clearly need quantization, or something very much like it, to reproduce the world that we see. I'll check out your essay. Best,

B.

Unfortunately, Dr. Laurent Nottale and Dr. Jin He quantized gravity many years ago:

Quantum Gravity Based on Mach Principle and Its Solar Application

http://vixra.org/abs/1101.0076

Einstein Field Equation: the Root of All Evil? Quantum Gravity, Solar Application

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604084

I see.

Never mind.

I'm wondering if there would also be effects at low energies. If you consider some amplitude of a process written as a path integral then you now divide the Lagrangian L by hbar inside the space-time integral over the fields, as hbar is now a dynamical field. Then, even though you have some potential for h that effectively contrains it to the standard value, if you consider some process with a very small amplitude (like some rare decay process), it seems to me that there could be significant contributions to this via fluctuations in the h-field. The penalty against this due to the the h-potential may then be outweighed by the L/h part making a larger contribution.

Sabine,

Do you consider the electrostatic force exerted between two electrons to be quantized, classical or neither? The reason for asking this question is that I am going to make the argument that there is also a gravitational force between the two electrons and this gravitational force is closely related to the electrostatic force. In other words, my proposal is the gravitational force must be classified the same way as the electromagnetic force. To support this contention I offer my essay available here. This essay offers previously unknown equations showing that these two forces are closely related. This close relationship becomes obvious when the forces between fundamental particles are expressed using the wave properties of the particles and referencing Planck force. Furthermore, these equations were predicted by a wave-based analysis of both particles and forces. In this analysis all quantized processes ultimately result from the transfer of a quantized unit of angular momentum.

Dear Sabine

Thanks for your reply. I am afraid however that I might not have made my point 100%

clear, as I do not think that these points were really covered in the previous discussions.

The issue is what is the meaning (or to be more precise the operational significance ) of a varying value of $h$?

Say we chose to base our units of time and energy one some particular aspects of atomic physics. In that case, were $h$ to change form one space-time point to another the meaning of our units would change from one space-time point to another.

Say we define a the ``second" as the N times the oscillation period connected with a certain atomic transition. Then it is clear that

if $h$ ware to change from one space-time point to another point that particular atomic transition would be modified and the meaning of what we call one ``second" would be modified as well.

Consider a simpler situation where we limit ourselves to space and time.

(Example 1) Say, again, that we define the units of time and of length in terms of the wavelength and frequency of a certain photon

( say the photon emitted in the 2P-1S transition of hydrogen as seen in the rest frame of said atom). What would be the meaning of saying the speed of light changes from space point to another?. If we measure such speed using that particular photon, it seems that, by definition, the seeped measured in those units can not change.

Another example of the difficulties I see is the following:

( Example 2) Consider a proposal where we say that the until of length changes with length. Imagine we say that a meter is only a meter for the first 150 meters but is only half a meter after that. Well one can make that meaningful by saying: Take a collection of sticks placed at the origin, and make sure each one of the sticks when placed there coincides with the unit meter we take from that place in France. Then in measuring a distance to the origin, the first 150 sticks would count as one meter, and every stick after that would count as 1/2 meter.

To make the proposal feel defined, one would have to indicate the point playing the role of the origin from where one starts counting. O.k.

but at what point is the proposal a meta definition and at what point would one be saying something about the nature of the world?

These are issues that seems inescapable when contemplating such proposals. In particular the notion of variation of $h$ with energy seems delicate in the manner similar to that of Example 2.

Therefore my point is that a proposal such as yours would need to be made much more precise in order to make it clearly meaningful.

I am not saying it is impossible, but that taking care of issues like those is, in my view, essential.

Best regards Daniel

Daniel,

You are making things way too complicated here by mixing the freedom to choose a unit system with the actual physics. While I can't speak for Sabine here, let me suggest to you may favorite way of dealing with these sorts of problems.

First switch to natural units c = hbar = G = 1. This defines unambiguously a consistent unit system, so no problems with that here. Unlike in, say, the SI units system you don't have any freedoms to express time, masses etc. relative to some arbitrary scales, so you now don't have compensating constants like c, hbar and G that compensate for such freedoms.

Then where hbar were to appear if you wanted it to put back, you put in your equations written in these natural units, a field phi. Also, where G would appear you put a factor phi. Since you are still working within the same natural unit system, all issues regarding measurments etc. are unambiguously defined.

In Sabine's theory, phi gets a vacuum expectation value of 1 at low energies, and at high energies the expectation value tends to zero.

Dear Saibal

I think you are overlooking my main point:

Suppose we do as you say and choose units $\hbar =1$ and there a is a new filed $\psi$,

Now Suppose I want to measure that filed

at a certain point.What do I do?

Suppose for instance that I conclude that such modified value of the filed would modify the energy levels of an Hydrogen atom. Now suppose I want to measure that! The point is that I need something to compare with. Perhaps the energy level of a different atom. But how can I be sure that what I use that as a comparison has not change in the same fashion. In other words my w question is What is the experiment that I need to do in order to say unambiguously if $\psi$ has changed or not!

Furthermore you say this filed that replaces $\bar h$, which presumably controls the commutation relations between a particle's position and its conjugate momentum,

has a certain vev at low energies and different vev (0) at high energies. But the issue is: energies of what? of the particle involved? If so in which frame should that energy be evaluated?

Moreover could I use a high energy particle to localize beyond the uncertainty provided by the low energy vev of $\psi$ the sit ion and momentum of a low energy particle?

Would that not contradict the low energy uncertainty relationship?

Hi Bee,

Yes, I agree that we need " ... something very much like ..." quantization to explain the observed world. I am reminded that Einstein (The Meaning of Relativity, Appendix II) allowed that a more complex field theory than general relativity may be explained by " ... (increasing) the number of dimensions of the continuum. In this case, one must explain why the continuum is *apparently* restricted to four dimensions."

In the same respect, the idea of Planck's constant as a field has to explain why action is apparently quantized.

Best,

Tom

Dear Ms. Sabine

I do not agree with Your ideas. The key for rejection is hidden in Duff's idea that constants h, c, and G does not exist physically. It is only possible that masses of particles increases, but You did not mentioned this possibility.

Problems with singularities can be solved on different way. Brukner, Zeilinger, Feynman, and other claim, that finite information is hidden inside of finite volume. So also singularities do not exist.

But your article is useful as thought experiment as why G, h, and c do not exist. So variation of h does not influence on variation of G.

Regards, Janko Kokosar

My essay

p.s.

I found some grammar mistakes: "violate unitary", "tought experiment", "gravitty". I hope that you will return this favour. :)