Thank you dear Sreenath,

We will have discussions after some time, on this view.

With best regards,

Jayakar

Dr. Jayakar,

I thought that your essay was exceptionally well written. I do hope that you do not think me impertinent. I am a crusty old realist and as I have carefully explained in my essay BITTERS, everything in the real Universe is unique, once.

As you know, each snowflake is unique, once, and that means that each real molecule of each real snowflake must be unique, once. The whole real Universe is unique, once.

Which brings me to the consideration of your essay's graphics. They are not unique. They are computer generated perfect squares and perfect circle and perfect yellow lightning bolts and while they are pretty to look at, they are unusual, unrealistic, and unnecessary for explaining reality.

I wish you well in the competition,

Joe

    Thank you dear Joe,

    You are right, only 'continuum' is in reality that is not quantifiable, while without quantisation 'continuum' is not descriptive and emerges with digitalisation in real numbers that are unique. As the universe is continuum it is realistic rather than probabilistic.

    I would like to go through your essay and submit my perceptions soon.

    With best regards,

    Jayakar

    Dear Jayakar,

    As you indicated above, "In particle scenario, information is energy transfer; whereas in string-matter continuum of eternal universe, information is the transfer of string-matter segment with its rotational energy."

    I believe that this particle view of information is that with which you expressed agreement on my essay page. I will study your essay to try to appreciate the alternate string-matter continuum perspective.

    With best regards,

    Edwin Eugene Klingman

      I thought I'd replied here - may be the system bug again, but thanks for the link!

      Antony

      Jayakar,

      Many thanks for the attachment.

      Best wishes,

      Antony

      Most welcome dear Antony,

      Herewith some more attachment that is useful for you, to work together for further developments on this. Much pleased to have further discussions with you.

      With best regards,

      Jayakar

      Dear Sir,

      We have replied to your queries in our thread. We are going through your essay and respond before rating time is over.

      Regards,

      basudeba

        Thank you dear Basudeba Mishra,

        Expecting your comments on my essay.

        With best regards

        Jayakar

        Dear Sir,

        We wish we could have devoted sometime earlier to your essay. It opens up many strands. One example is "language as information continuum". Look at the structure of any language. For simplicity, we will take English, but the principle can be applied to any language including programming language.

        A language consists of words or its equivalents in programming language with proper rules for its combination and interpretation in different contexts. If we tale the word 'pen', when it is uttered, the sounds of the letters move away or cease to exist after reaching our eardrums - all in a sequence. Till the last letter is spoken, it could have led to any strand. Even after the last letter is spoken, it could mean variously a small enclosure in which sheep, pigs, cattle, or other domestic animals are kept, a female swan, a quill, a repair dock for submarines, etc, depending upon the context. How do we know the proper meaning? The answer is, the inertia generated by the first letter on hitting our eardrum (the wave generated by successive signals) combine with that of other letters to generate a sort of Doppler effect, which, we associate with some concept identified with some object. This leads to a superposition of the sound unified by the Doppler effect to form a word, the concept signified by the word, and the object signified by the word. This superposition is the continuum stored in our memory. We call it "sphota".

        The impulses from the various sensory apparatus are carried upwards in the dorsal column or in the anterio-lateral spinothalamic tract to the thalamus, which relays it to the cerebral cortex for its perception. At any moment, our sense organs are bombarded by a multitude of stimuli. But only one of them is given a clear channel to go up to the thalamus and then to the cerebral cortex at any instant, so that like photographic frames, we perceive one frame at an instant. With your Medical background, you are well aware of the sodium-potassium channel in our cells. Unlike the sensory apparatuses that are subject specific, this happens for all types of impulses. For this reason, when we speak, we do not breathe in or out. We have to stop in between for a breath. The agency that determines this subject neutral channel is called mind, which is powered by the heart and lungs. Thus, after the heart stops beating, mind stops its work and we cease to sense any external impulse. While mind facilitates the passage of impulse, the interpretation of the state of superposition in memory is done by the intellect. Hence even after the breath stops, the person may not be brain dead.

        Let us take "numerical system is on discrete information". Number is a property of all substances by which we differentiate between similars. If there are no similars, it is one. If there are similars, it is many. Depending upon the sequence of perceptions, many can be 2,3,4,...n. Infinity is like one - without similars. But unlike one where we clearly perceive the dimensions (perception of differentiation between the internal structural space and the external relational space), in the case of infinity, the dimensions are not fully perceptible. Thus, number system can elicit only 1 or 0 - on or off - yes-no information. The 'on's are coded (written in programming language) with 1 and the 'off's with 0. Only this way, it is discrete information.

        Similarly, you are correct that '0' denotes undetected matter rather than nonexistence. Zero here symbolizes spatio-temporal non-existence or nonexistence at here-now of something otherwise known. There are many types of nonexistence. There is prior nonexistence of an object before it is transformed from being to becoming (cause and effect). Thereafter, it exists and evolves independent of observation or otherwise. This gives rise to number sequence. There is temporary non-existence, which is related to its transformation in space or time independent of the observer. This gives rise to negative numbers through zero. There is death or decay including beta decay, which is the opposite of prior nonexistence. Annihilation of oppositely charged particles, such as electrons and positrons is another example. Then there is non-commuting nonexistence like position and momentum: a fixed position implies nonexistence of momentum with mobile coordinates and vice versa. Lastly, there is the absolute nonexistence, which means, it is impossible as per physical laws like the horns of a rabbit.

        In our thread, while replying to your post we have disputed the string theory. Actually strings only entangle particles. Without the exchange forces between particles, the string has no existence. The rest is fiction. Regarding your triangular waveform expression, you can refer to the description of what is a photon in our essay.

        Regards,

        mbasudeba@gmail.com

          Dear Jayakar Johnson Joseph,

          Yes, (e) is a mystery.

          (e) for eEnergy, for a new science in coming : a binary Science, dual Science, fundamental Science.

          I have discovered the functionning of eUniverse : eDuality is in all things, like motion.

          And all things arising, by couple, pair.

          « simple, complex », « wave, particle », « space, time », « matter, antimatter », « electicity, magnetism », « Weak force , Strong force », « gravity, expansion of space », and so on...

          Duality is in all cultures (Egyptians, Greecs, Indians, Chineses, ...) and in each one of us, but never explained and equaled like in China.

          The « Yin, Yang » duality is full of truth, but this must be completed and reinterpreted, like our Science.

          eDuality is present in physics, mathematics, philosophy, economics, biology, chemistry, religion, our thinking, in computers and mechanical machinery, linguistics, and so on...

          Each one of us speaks with eDuality.

          eDuality is the same everywhere.

          There is one kind of eDuality when this concept is clear known.

          eUniverse is very simple at the begining, very complex after.

          This eDuality, these opposites, these contraries, are the 0 and 1 of information.

          It takes a book to explain all these concepts : eEnergy, eInfo, eReality, eDuality, and so on...

          Advice : dont think matter, but eEnergy and eInfo.

          Good luck,

          Amazigh H.

          Jayakar,

          I found your approach to the topic at hand fascinating and would like to rate your essay highly. However, before I do may I run some questions by you via email? Please let me know at: msm@physicsofdestiny.com

          I look forward to hearing from you.

          Regards,

          Manuel

          Dear Basudeba Mishra,

          Nature of communication language is continuum whereas the computer language is a set of discrete functions. Numerals and figures are discrete representations. As per this paradigm sound waves also described as spiral propagation of string-segments, in that both longitudinal and transverse wave characteristics are expressional. The Doppler effects in this scenario is same as that in particle scenario and described in analogue with the transverse wave on particle wave duality, while the duality is resolved with the propagation of spiral eigen-rotational string-matter segment.

          Tensor potential difference between the observer and source string-segments is causal for the transfer of eigen-rotational string from the source to the observer, while the density of this differential potential is much higher with in-vivo bio-chemical systems and exhibits variability with tissue differentiation, and this describes the existence of life and consciousness, in that lattice of discrete cause-effect cycles is representational for impels and memory.

          Numerals are quantum to describe infinity. Photons are hypothetical, whereas photon string-segments are hypothetical representations for integration. Universe without dynamics is hypothetically one-dimensional string-matter continuum, while zero-dimension is not empirical. Though the dynamics of universe is descriptive, the causality of the beginning of dynamics is undefinable with human capabilities. Thus the universe is eternal.

          With best regards

          Jayakar

          • [deleted]

          • Post #49

          Dear Sir,

          Nature of communication language appears continuum though actually it is a set of discrete functions. Any perception that is communicated as information has three distinct components:

          1) It is about or concerning a physical object (matter), that is perceived as form.

          2) It is expressed through a language (signal) that is perceived as sound.

          3) The language conveys a universal or common concept (perception) about the object so that the receiver gets the same message as the sender.

          These three are different because the object (matter) is perceived through electromagnetic radiation by our eyes that cannot hear. The language (sound, signal) is perceived (through sound waves or electromagnetic signals converted to sound waves) in our ears that cannot see. The concept signifying the object is perceived through our memory, which is in the cerebral cortex. The sounds of the alphabets are uttered in a discrete sequence. Subtle changes in the form are also discrete (the emitted radiation changes continuously). Yet, they get into a state of superposition in our memory, which 'mixes' and compares them. The resultant impression is the perception.

          Here also the sense organs and mind function in binary style. The sense organs always reach out to the incoming impulse, whether sound, electromagnetic radiation, or smell, taste, touch. Over the years, views on the mechanism of perception of sound - how the ear perceives the tonality of sound and the frequency range of auditory perception - have changed. There is a reason why the human pinna is not asymmetrical and folded. Experiments by Hero Wit (Spectra of cochlear acoustic emissions - Kemp echos - Journal of Acoust. Soc. Am. 1981) showed the emission of a continual sound from healthy human ears in the range of 1 to 2 kHz. This implies that the ear sends out a reference wave and interacts with the incoming wave to produce an acoustic hologram. This is facilitated by the unique structure of the human pinna (Hugo Zuccarelli, New Scientist, 10th November 1983 p-438). Similarly, our eyes send out a reference wave to electromagnetic radiation emanating out of the object (and not the object which emits these radiation). The form we see is not the same as the object we touch and vice versa. Because when we touch, we cut down the radiation and touch the mass that emits it. The same goes for taste and smell.

          As we have explained, at any moment, our sense organs are bombarded by a multitude of stimuli. But only one of them is given a clear channel at any instant to go up to the thalamus and then to the cerebral cortex, so that like photographic frames, we perceive one discrete frame at every instant, but due to the high speed of their reception, mix it up so that it appears as continuous. This happens due to an active transport system against concentration gradient with input of energy like the sodium-potassium pump, which moves the two ions in opposite directions across the plasma membrane through break down of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The concentrations of the two ions on both sides of the cell membrane are interdependent, suggesting that the same carrier transports both ions. Similarly, the same carrier transports the external stimuli in the opposite direction to the cerebral cortex. This carrier is the mind.

          Regards,

          basudeba

          Dear Basudeba Mishra,

          Describing an object by language is in continuum with thinking, in that even the definition of definition itself is continuum.

          Even plants have memory and not have cerebral cortex.

          Defining a generic wave mechanics for both acoustic and EM waves is much imperative to resolve the wave particle duality.

          In particle scenario touch, taste and smell involves transfer of energy by ionic exchange and not with radiation, whereas in this paradigm it is expressional as transfer of string-matter segment with energy.

          Chemistry is incomplete and fails to describe many of the biophysical phenomena that includes mechanism of aging, etiogenicity of malignancy, etc.. and thus the physical causality that effects chemistry to be investigated, that indicates the imperativeness of restructuring atomic analogy. Thereby this paradigm got evolved and needs adaptations with the mainstream physics, starting from the axiom: zero to one dimension; in that the constructs of the atom to be three-dimensional.

          With best regards

          Jayakar

          Dear Jayakar,

          I have now finished reviewing all 180 essays for the contest and appreciate your contribution to this competition.

          I have been thoroughly impressed at the breadth, depth and quality of the ideas represented in this contest. In true academic spirit, if you have not yet reviewed my essay, I invite you to do so and leave your comments.

          You can find the latest version of my essay here:

          http://fqxi.org/data/forum-attachments/Borrill-TimeOne-V1.1a.pdf

          (sorry if the fqxi web site splits this url up, I haven't figured out a way to not make it do that).

          May the best essays win!

          Kind regards,

          Paul Borrill

          paul at borrill dot com