The Nature of Bell\'s Hidden Constraints by Edwin Eugene Klingman

Hi Edwin,

I read your essay and admire your attention to detail in EPR. I am also impressed with your contribution to intellectual property. I had only about a dozen US patents and am not as educated or recognized as you. However we have a lot in common because we are innovators. I'm afraid that most of the people we deal with now don't understand innovation. In their view, different is wrong. I used to know my gatekeepers but where are they (kind of reminds me of the wizard of OZ)? Later in my career I hired and managed people, some were PhD's. I depended on young less well educated engineers for the innovation we needed. Their scholarly peers loved to consult with their college professors and we funded their studies, but they were so enamored with the science they learned that they could not "trash" what didn't work and ask the innovation question "what do we need to know that we do not now know to solve the problem?" We were perhaps the first to use computers as a powerful scientific tool.

Now the problems at hand: Do we need to list them? For you, why would anyone not listen to a new view of troubling findings if it leads to deeper understanding? In my case, why would anyone not listen to innovation when they don't know what time or space is?

I approached my deep need to understand by trying to "reverse engineer" nature. I took the best fundamental particle data I could find and correlated it. The result was the logarithmic "code" I presented. I wish, as you requested, that I could find the origin. In arXiv 3701.0090, I suggested that that it started with 90 and separated into four parts of 22.5 each because E=2.02e-5*exp(22.5) is close to data for the Higgs particle energy. I noted the extensive use of ln(3/e) that underlies the electromagnetic field and information. I have been working with the information code for about 30 years and applied it to most processes in nature. All I can say is "it works". My recent interest has been quantum gravity. The scholarly university products of the last 25 years have worked on the problem but in my view that didn't question the basic tenant....the Planck scale. They fell in "love" with a relationship that contains Planck's constant, C and G in what is considered a defining relationship. I don't care how many dimensions you use, the general theory of relativity is not quantum if it is the curvature of large scale space time. I question the view and can calculate the gravitational constant from the proton model. Yes, BTW, the neutron decays in the model exactly produces the proton, electron and expected neutrino.

Thanks, lets continue the discussion.

Hello Edwin. In your essay, I am mostly in agreement with your opinion, "Bell's 50 year old proof of the non-local nature of the Universe is an over-simplified solution to a complex problem. As this is generally considered the basis for 'entanglement', it suggests that reappraisal of much of current physics is in order." Bell's proof might be oversimplified or wrong, but I am not sure that Bell's proof can ever be refuted EVEN IF IT IS WRONG. The problem is that the string landscape can be formulated within a conceptual framework in which Bell's theorem is valid, and by means of clever D-brane adjustments the string landscape might be able to provide models of any plausible (or implausible) physics. In any case, my guess is that Bell's theorem shall always be regarded as great. According to Dirac, "The measure of greatness in a scientific idea is the extent to which it stimulates thought and opens up new lines of research."

Regards, David Brown

Hi Eugene,

Thank you for looking at my essay on Solving the mystery.

I wanted to comment on your essay but my difficulty is a lack of depth in understanding the details.

I would like to talk about Bell's theorem and the issue of whether physical effects are local or non-local and see how this relates to your position on the subject.

For my reference I include the definition of nonlocality from Wikipedia.

In physics, nonlocality or action at a distance is the direct interaction of two objects that are separated in space with no perceivable intermediate agency or mechanism.

Bell' theorem: No physical theory of local hidden variables can ever reproduce all of the predictions of quantum mechanics.

Looking at the problem from the perspective of the Spacetime Wave theory, it is necessary to accept that the behaviour of physical objects is non-local. I clarify this by saying that the progression of waves in spacetime is always local (at speed c) but it is the interaction of, for example, a photon with an electron which can be non-local at the interaction itself.

Making the assumption that it is a real physical wave passing through an interference experiment requires that it is a dispersed physical wave arriving at the detection screen and interacting with an atom at the screen in a probabilistic way affected by the magnitude of the wave at each point of possible detection. This must in turn mean that there is action at a distance happening at the point of detection so that a detection at point A prevents a detection at another point B.

The non-local effect at detection can be considered to be instantaneous in the frame of reference of light propagation and the mechanism of delivery of the non-local effect is spacetime itself. I had understood that the results of the EPR experiment showed that entangled photons must be transmitting information instantaneously at the time of first measurement.

So looking at the compatibility of Bell's theorem with the spacetime wave theory (ref: solving the mystery): The spacetime wave theory does propose a description which puts waves in spacetime as the underlying mechanism for the effects described by quantum theory and so could be considered a hidden variable description. However, my contention is that interactions are non-local at the point of measurement so no violation of Bell's theorem is occurring.

As I understand your excellent paper, you have shown that a local theory has matched one of the predictions of QM but I don't think this makes Bell's theorem false.

With best regards

Richard

Hi Edwin,

Apologies for sending the previous post as anonymous. I must have been logged out.

Regards

Richard Lewis

Klingman

Thanks for reply on my site. I'd like to propose a task.

Links to my effort my effort.

The book I am thinking of getting is ``The Gene Man Theory''. I didn't find it on Amazon and $100 seems a bit tough.

Do you have any papers on the web? I looked in academia.edu, found 3 on Bell and spin in viXra. None on arXiv.

A decade ago I had one in New Astronomy as I was getting my feet in cosmology.

Then I started to deviate from the status quo but arXiv still accepted a few until I started to really deviate. Academia.edu has some. Today I publish mostly in Intellectual archive. Arp, Gibbs, and others are correct. I'm thinking of updating my book the Theory of Everything.

My story on QM in grad school is fairly typical. I am conceptually oriented. I asked the prof for a conceptual view of QM. His reply was Feynman's reply.

After thinking I had a handle on cosmology, I attacked the small with photon interference. The idea is to use classical methods (stay away from all the assumptions of QM where the map fuzzies the issues). I had some success. The view of the single photon interference was to say a laser doesn't produce just one at a time. For the last year + I've been attempting a simulation with only one photon in the experiment at a time. No joy.

Then this contest and your paper happened.

The contest crystallized my view of math and physics and the skepticism of transformations. With Bohm the EPR and Bell's inequality are irreverent. All that needs done is to invoke some aspect of Bohm and Bell goes away.

I noticed you have some facility with QM. Let me propose a task to interpret the Schrödinger equation in a classical form (not a Hamiltonian) complete with classical interpretation (F=ma type). This is back to grad school for me, but you know the calculations now. My approach has been to start with the Diffusion equation (you may note I use the version of the heat equation in my previous papers) and V is calculated from masses in my \rho field, \nabla \rho produces the force on the particle, and the \Psi is a real (my plenum) field (density field in the diffusion equation).

Could you add to this to produce a QM Schrödinger equation with real waves?

Of interest?

"http://myplace.frontier.com/~jchodge/">my effort

Hi Edwin,

I am following up on your question regarding the 13.8 MeV quark in the neutron/proton model. The PDG standard model masses and designations follow:

The quarks are not independently observed and standard model correlations are based on protons and neutrons that may have transitioned over time to lower energy states. I studied and correlated meson and baron observations. All except the proton decay and almost all of them decay to intermediate states consisting of lower energy mesons and baryons. The following diagram is from viXra: 1307.0133. The decay paths all conserve energy in their intermediate states, i.e. a high energy quark becomes a lower energy quark plus kinetic energy. For example, the 13.8 MeV quark in your note becomes a 1.87 MeV quark plus 11.93 MeV of orbital kinetic energy.

I detail how the neutron decays to a proton in viXra:1307.0082.

I could bore you to death with the details of meson and baryon decays but pairs of quarks eventually annihilate one another ending up as kinetic energy, electrons and neutrinos. BTW, I went far enough with the meson and baryon studies to understand them and then lost interest. It was very time consuming.

Unfortunately the diagrams would go through.

Hi Edwin,

Thank you for your feedback which I take as very positive. I am quite relaxed about the idea that Bell's theorem could be false and this would be a great achievement on your part if it becomes generally accepted.

What I am more interested in is the true nature of events in physics and whether interactions can be non-local. Since the spacetime wave theory implies non-locality it is important for me that non-locality be accepted as a physical reality. Then Bell's theorem becomes irrelevant because it is making statements about local hidden variable representations.

One of the issues that arises when non-local effects are taking place is that the implication is that a measurement at A instantaneously affects the possible measurement outcome at B. When we talk about instantaneous effects we have to consider in which frame of reference they are instantaneous. Special Relativity requires us to do this.

This is where we must consider the idea of a unique frame of reference in which non-local effects take place and this is deemed to be the same frame of reference for light wave propagation (as per the spacetime wave theory).

We arrive at a position where the laws of physics (Special Relativity and General Relativity) are constructed based on the idea that all the laws of physics are invariant in all frames of reference moving with a constant relative velocity. Then we find that to accommodate light wave propagation and entanglement effects we have to consider the existence of a unique frame of reference with the possibility (at least in the realm of thought experiment) of identifying that unique frame of reference through a precisely controlled entanglement experiment.

Ultimately, I do think it is acceptable to consider the laws of physics within the scope of SR and GR to be invariant while still assuming the existence of a unique frame of reference for non-local effects.

Regards

Richard

Dear Edwin,

I tried to carefully read your paper. Let me note first some of its strengths: You have a gift for expressing yourself lucidly, there are several very clear and nice-looking diagrams to help illustrate your points, and you do raise some interesting points, particularly with respect to what you call "Bell's hidden constraints."

I am baffled, however, that though the SG experiment features very prominently in your paper, you did not, as far as I can tell, address at all that aspect of the experiment for which it is most famous, namely, that if you separate out spin up and down beams along some axis by means of an inhomogeneous B-field, pass one of the beams through a second inhomogeneous B-field with a perpendicular orientation and pass one of those through a third B-field with the same orientation as the first, you obtain two beams one of which has a spin that should have been excluded by the initial separation.

Any local and/or realist account of entanglement phenomena has to be able to explain this empirical result, otherwise it is dead on arrival. The absence of an explanation of this in your argument makes it difficult for the reader to conclude anything other than that it cannot explain it, and I think that among those who have thought about this issue a lot this will dramatically diminish the persuasiveness of your argument.

The most charitable interpretation I can attribute to your argument is the passage in which you mention a work by Potel (with which I am not familiar), presumably to support the notion that the quantum mechanical model of the SG experiment (i.e. spin states in 2D Hilbert space) does not fully capture what is really going on. But if you want to make that case, then the burden is on you to show exactly how this failure of modeling the empirical result leads to an explanation of the observations by your model. You did not do this.

I do not relish pointing out weaknesses in other people's arguments, but I noticed a conspicuous absence of a discussion of this elephant in the room in the above posts, and someone has to point it out.

Let me close by mentioning a point on which we share the same viewpoint, namely, I think that there is no true non-locality in nature. However, I do believe that "realism" however fuzzy a concept it is right now, has to be sacrificed. I will touch on this issue in the essay that I plan on submitting to this contest, and I'd expect nothing less than criticism as candid as mine.

Best wishes,

Armin

Edwin,

Very interesting read. I agree with your fundamental argument, however I believe it was Bell's intent to define a state of locality in a non-localized field, thereby introducing the constraint as +/- 1. I believe, or my intuition tells me, we are led to a fuzzy paradox when attempt to constrain any bounded state of locality.

I do feel we often describe things in mathematics that we truly can not in physics. Idealistically my argument would contend we only use mathematics as a model to physical reality.

Nevertheless, it was a good essay. Kudos!

Best Regards,

D.C. Adams

Edwin,

In regards to Bell, let me give you something to think about, in the realm of truly macroscopic objects like idealized coins, rather than electron spins.

The correlation given for classical entities is a triangular function. The correlation given for quantum entities is a sinusoid. A triangular function has a Fourier spectrum, consisting of odd harmonics of the sinusoidal fundamental. Consequently, even a crude lowpass filter (smoothing operation) applied to the triangular function, will convert it into a sinusoid. Thus, the only difference between the triangular and sinusoidal correlation functions, is a lowpass filter.

Now Shannon's Capacity theorem, reduces to the uncertainty principle, when only a single bit of information is recoverable from a message. Any such message is inherently band limited (lowpass filtered). But was the filter applied at the transmitter or the receiver? If it was applied at the transmitter, then the "single bit" is an intrinsic property of the entity being received, not the apparatus being used to receive it.

Now consider making a very noisy, time-bandwidth limited measurement (limited at the transmitter, to contain only a single recoverable bit of information), and then trying to "decide" whether the measurement is +1 or -1. As noted above, a simple lowpass filter will convert a triangular function into a sinusoidal one. But does one apply the filter to the measurements or the discrete decisions derived from the measurements? And how, exactly, did one make the decisions? More importantly, in this limiting case of only a single bit being present, can one even separate the measurement and the decision making processes, and thus which data set, the measurements or the decisions, are to be filtered? If filtered decisions are used as input to the correlation computation, the result will be sinusoidal, though perhaps not "normalized".

My point is that, the correlation may result from the peculiar nature of attempting to "decide" the difference between a measurement and a decision/index based on the measurement, when only a single bit of information exists, rather than from any considerations of the physics per se, which is merely the carrier of the one-bit message.

Rob McEachern